Aeroallergen

OBJECTIVE: To report the Tipuana tipu pollen as a new allergen capable of triggering allergic symptoms. METHODS: The pollen counts were made according to standardized technique with a Burkard seven days following the European Aerobiology Society´s Network Group recommendations.1 The trap was installed on the roof of Clinica SANNA, El Golf, San Isidro, which is 20 m high, 12°5'54"S 77°3'6"W in the west-south of the Lima urban area. The sampling period was performed from September 2020 to October 2021...

OBJETIVO: To identify and registry the most important aeroallergens trapped at the aerobiology station in the city of Samborondon, Ecuador. METHODS: Pollen grains and fungal spore counts were performed according to the standardized technique with a Hirst-type collection equipment, Burkard spore trap for seven days, following the recommendations of the National Allergy Bureau (NAB) of the American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI). The equipment was installed on the roof of the Universidad de Especialidades Espiritu Santo (UEES), 25 m above ground level, coordinates: 2°07 ́57 ́ ́S 79°52 ́06 ́ ́W, in the city of Samborondon...

BACKGROUND: Studying the sensitisation profiles of patients with allergies allows for a deeper understanding of the disease which may facilitate the selection of the best-personalised allergen immunotherapy. This observational, cross-sectional, multicentre study aimed to demonstrate the heterogeneity of the German population with allergies by analysing specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) patterns towards aeroallergens and exploring the relationship between sensitisation and clinical symptoms...

Disruption of the airway epithelium triggers a defensive immune response that begins with the production and release of alarmin cytokines. These epithelial-derived alarmin cytokines, including thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), are produced in response to aeroallergens, viruses, and toxic inhalants. An alarmin response disproportionate to the inhaled trigger can exacerbate airway diseases such as asthma. Allergens inhaled into previously sensitized airways are known to drive a T2 inflammatory response through the polarization of T cells by dendritic cells mediated by TSLP...

UNLABELLED: There is no evidence evaluating the IL10 epigenetic upregulation among mestizo children in a high-altitude Andean city in Latin America. OBJECTIVE: To identify polymorphisms and methylation profiles in the IL10 gene associated with asthma in children aged 5 to 11. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted with asthmatic and non-asthmatic children aged 5 to 11 years in Cuenca-Ecuador. Data on allergic diseases and risk factors were collected through a questionnaire for parents...

Common airborne allergens (pollen, animal dander and those from fungi and insects) are the main triggers of type I allergic disorder in the respiratory system and are associated with allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, as well as immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. These allergens promote IgE crosslinking, vasodilation, infiltration of inflammatory cells, mucosal barrier dysfunction, extracellular matrix deposition and smooth muscle spasm, which collectively cause remodelling of the airways...

BACKGROUND: Outdoor aeroallergens, such as pollens and molds, are known triggers of asthma exacerbation; however, few studies have examined children's aeroallergen response based on sensitization. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to compare the relative impact of aeroallergen levels on asthma exacerbation between pediatric patients with asthma who tested positive or negative for sensitization to particular allergens. METHODS: A case-crossover design study was conducted to examine associations between outdoor aeroallergen levels and asthma exacerbation events among children living in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, who were treated within a large pediatric care network...

Among allergies to aeroallergens, approximately 20% are allotted to the so-called rare allergens. These include ash pollen, weed pollen, storage mites, molds, and animal allergens. The prevalences of allergies to these allergens are lower, but affected patients also suffer considerably from their "rare" allergy. Hence, these allergies should neither be overseen nor completely forgotten in daily practice. Especially mold, mite, and animal allergens often induce asthma, so that the significance of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) should not be neglected in causal therapy...

Urban areas are often hotspots for the dissemination of non-native (invasive) plant species, some of which release (potentially) allergenic pollen. Given the high population density in cities, a considerable number of people can be regularly and potentially intensively exposed to the pollen from these plants. This study delves into the Tree-of-Heaven (Ailanthus altissima, [Mill.] Swingle), native to East Asia, which is known for its high invasiveness in temperate regions worldwide, particularly favoring urban colonization...

Evidence is mounting that climate change is having a significant impact on exacerbations of rhinitis. Concomitantly, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis is increasing at an accelerated rate. We herein explore the impact of carbon dioxide, barometric pressure and humidity changes, anthropogenic pollutants, on aeroallergens and rhinitis hypersensitivity. Important immune mechanisms underlying the climate-driven effects on rhinitis are discussed. Also, climate change is shifting ecological zones and seasons, increasing weather extremes, and altering regional atmospheric and environmental conditions...

BACKGROUND: Inhalant allergens provide a source of environmental factors that contribute to the development of clinical symptoms in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE: To review the relationship between inhalant allergens and AD. METHODS: A literature review was conducted using three databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, ClinicalKey, and Web of Science. Search terms, including "atopic dermatitis," "atopic eczema," and "eczema," were used in combination with "inhalant allergen," "inhaled allergen," and "aeroallergen" to identify relevant published manuscripts that highlight the relationship between AD and exposures to inhalant allergens...

BACKGROUND: Longitudinal studies have identified childhood asthma as a risk factor for obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) where persistent airflow limitation can develop more aggressively. However, a causal link between childhood asthma and COPD/ACO remains to be established. Our study aimed to model the natural history of childhood asthma and COPD and to investigate the cellular/molecular mechanisms that drive disease progression. METHODS: Allergic airways disease was established in three-week-old young C57BL/6 mice using house dust mite (HDM) extract...

BACKGROUND: There are limited longitudinal data on the population prevalence of allergic conditions during childhood, and few studies have incorporated the reference standard oral food challenge to confirm food allergy. OBJECTIVE: To describe the population prevalence of IgE-mediated food allergy, eczema, asthma, and rhinitis at ages 6 and 10 years in Melbourne, Australia. METHODS: The HealthNuts study recruited 5,276 1-year-old infants in Melbourne, Australia, with repeat assessments at ages 6 and 10 years...

Background. The clinical and pathophysiological heterogeneity of atopic dermatitis (AD) endophenotypes is associated with wide diversity in response to therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response to dupilumab in a group of AD patients and identify clinical/immunological features associated with different patterns of response. Methods. A retrospective observational study was performed, including 30 adults with AD who completed 12 months treatment with dupilumab, in a Portuguese Immunoallergology Department...

To unravel the heterogeneity and molecular signature of effector memory Th2 cells (Tem2), we analyzed 23 individuals' PBMCs of filaria-infected (Filaria+) and 24 healthy volunteers (Filaria-), with or without coincident house dust mite (HDM) allergic sensitization. Flow cytometry revealed 3 CD4+ Tem subsets - CCR4+CCR6+CRTH2- Tem17, CCR4+CCR6-CRTH2+ Tem2, and CCR6+CCR4+CRTH2+ Tem17.2 - markedly enriched in Filaria+ individuals. These subsets were sorted and analyzed by multiomic single-cell RNA immunoprofiling...

RATIONALE: Saline nasal sprays are frequently used in the management of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) for the cleansing and clearing of aeroallergens from the nasal cavity. Also using a drug-free approach, AM-301 nasal spray is forming a thin film barrier on the nasal mucosa to prevent contact with allergens, trap them, and facilitate their discharge. A clinical trial compared the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of AM-301 and saline spray in SAR. METHODS: A total of 100 patients were randomized 1:1 to self-administer AM-301 or saline 3 × daily for 2 weeks...

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Immunotherapy is a treatment approach based on the principle of incremental allergen exposure to achieve desensitization. Recently, oral immunotherapy has been introduced as a treatment of IgE-mediated food allergy. Some patients receiving oral immunotherapy for food allergy may develop eosinophilic esophagitis. Here, we summarize the literature examining this association, its treatment, and outcomes and discuss possible explanations for this clinical phenomenon. We further identify potential associations with aeroallergen sensitivity and other forms of immunotherapy including subcutaneous immunotherapy and sublingual immunotherapy...

BACKGROUND: Allergic sensitization and low lung function in early childhood are risk factors for subsequent wheezing and asthma. However, it is unclear how allergic sensitization impacts lung function over time. OBJECTIVE: To test whether allergy influences lung function and whether these factors synergistically increase the risk of continued wheezing in childhood. METHODS: We analyzed longitudinal measurements of lung function (spirometry, impulse oscillometry) and allergic sensitization (aeroallergen skin tests, serum allergen-specific IgE) throughout early childhood in the Urban Environmental and Childhood Asthma study which included high-risk urban children living in disadvantaged neighborhoods...

INTRODUCTION: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammation of the esophagus, characterized by symptoms related to esophageal dysfunction, resulting from severe eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal mucosa. It is common in atopic subjects and food antigens have been identified as the most common triggers. However, a seasonal variation in EoE prevalence, correlated with air pollen levels, is reported, suggesting that also aeroallergens may play a role...