Difficult learner

OBJECTIVE: Residents are faced with ethical issues every day but most residency curriculums do not routinely include formal ethics skills training. In order to address this, a comprehensive curriculum on ethics and surgical palliative care was implemented for otolaryngology residents. METHODS: An 8-h ethics didactics curriculum was designed in collaboration with our institution's Institute of Ethics. Varied strategies were used to cover basic principles and practical skills...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) offer a suitable means to assess the cognitive domain of learners with a high degree of objectivity. The study's objective is to formulate an equation for determining the ideal timing for MCQ examinations, thereby inspiring the development of a model to estimate the duration of these examinations. METHODS: The authors generated a specific computer program that integrated with the operating system of the examination...

This paper presents L2 vowel remediation in a classroom setting via two real-time visual feedback methods: articulatory ultrasound tongue imaging, which shows tongue shape and position, and a newly developed acoustic formant analyzer, which visualizes a point correlating with the combined effect of tongue position and lip rounding in a vowel quadrilateral. Ten Czech students of the Swedish language participated in the study. Swedish vowel production is difficult for Czech speakers since the languages differ significantly in their vowel systems...

Identification of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices has become an essential part of network management to secure the privacy of smart homes and offices. With its wide adoption in the current era, IoT has facilitated the modern age in many ways. However, such proliferation also has associated privacy and data security risks. In the case of smart homes and smart offices, unknown IoT devices increase vulnerabilities and chances of data theft. It is essential to identify the connected devices for secure communication...

BACKGROUND: Communication skills (CS) represent a core competency in radiology residency training. However, no structured curriculum exists to train radiology residents in CS in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the status and prevalence of doctor-patient communication training among radiology residents in nine Chinese accredited radiology residency training programs and to determine whether there is a perceived need for a formalized curriculum in this field. METHODS: We administered a cross-sectional online survey to radiology residents involved in CS training at nine standard residency training programs in China...

BACKGROUND: Currently, the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education requires time-based pediatric experiences for emergency medicine (EM) residents in both pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) and critical care settings. The American Board of Emergency Medicine has published the Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine, which is a list of content an EM resident should learn. However, this list is large and without prioritization and therefore can be difficult to incorporate into time-limited curricula...

Background Multidisciplinary simulation training in the management of acute obstetric emergencies has the potential to reduce both maternal and perinatal morbidity. It is a valuable tool that can be adapted for targeted audiences of different specialities at all experience levels from medical students to senior consultants. Methods In this study, pre- and post-course questionnaires of learners with varying levels of clinical experience from Obstetrics and Gynaecology (O&G), Anaesthesia, Neonatology, Emergency Medicine, midwifery, and nursing who undertook two simulation courses (namely the Combined Obstetrics Resuscitation Training course, CORE, and the CORE Lite), which comprised lectures and simulation drills with manikins and standardized patients, between 2015 and 2023 were compared...

CATEGORISATION CAN BRING CLARITY: Categorisation is just what we do in health care. It allows for definitions to be shared, so conditions can be targeted and treatments standardised. It allows for concepts and constructs to become testable objects of research. And, with the increasing push for diversity and inclusion, it allows for disparities to be identified to evidence progress and enable accountability. CATEGORISATION CAN ALSO CONFOUND: But could these distinctions be doing as much harm as good? In this article, I review work from the field of inclusive education, focusing particularly on "awarding gaps" and "differential attainment" (i...

The advocate role is recognized as an intrinsic medical competency. Despite recent attention to pedagogical approaches, it is a role that remains poorly understood and difficult to teach. At the same time there is a growing body of evidence showing the necessity of incorporating humanities-based education into medical curricula. Here, we present five ways to use the humanities as a tool for teaching the advocate role including: decentre the physician as expert, develop engaged providers, engage learners in curricular decisions, value the humanities (and show it), and keep it practical...

Operant conditioning of neural activation has been researched for decades in humans and animals. Many theories suggest two parallel learning processes, implicit and explicit. The degree to which feedback affects these processes individually remains to be fully understood and may contribute to a large percentage of non-learners. Our goal is to determine the explicit decision-making processes in response to feedback representing an operant conditioning environment. We developed a simulated operant conditioning environment based on a feedback model of spinal reflex excitability, one of the simplest forms of neural operant conditioning...

The optimal choice of the level of realism in instructional visualizations is a difficult task. Previous studies suggest that realism can overwhelm learners, but a growing body of research demonstrates that realistic details can enhance learning. In the first experiment (n = 107), it was assessed whether learning using realistic visualizations can be distracting and therefore particularly benefits from pre-training. Participants learned the anatomy of the parotid gland using labeled visualizations...

Simulation training plays a vital role in modern medical education, fostering safe skill development. Task-trainer manikin and cadaveric airway management training (CAMT) offer realistic airway management practice. Simulation allows learners the opportunity to manage high-risk, low-frequency scenarios, including difficult airways and massive airway contamination, common in emergent airway management. The suction-assisted laryngoscopy and airway decontamination (SALAD) technique was developed to address massive airway contamination...

The problem of multi-class classification is always a challenge in the field of EEG (electroencephalogram)-based seizure detection. The traditional studies focus on computing or learning a set of features from EEG to distinguish between different patterns. However, the extraction of characteristic information becomes increasingly difficult as the number of EEG types increases. To address this issue, a creative EEG classification technique is proposed by employing a principal component analysis network (PCANet) coupled with phase space reconstruction (PSR) and power spectrum density (PSD)...

Microbiology is a difficult topic to teach given that the objects of study are mostly invisible to the learner. The majority of university students beginning their training in biology are more interested in natural objects that can be seen with the naked eye. Nonetheless, micro-organisms are key components of the biosphere and a good microbiological background is required for a thorough training in natural sciences. Lectures are still a common teaching format in universities. However, it is a passive learning format and no longer considered the most adequate approach in most teaching situations...

BACKGROUND: Despite the emphasis on the uniqueness and educational importance of clinical clerkships in medical education, there is a lack of deep understanding of their educational process and outcomes. Especially due to an inherent trait of clinical clerkships which requires participation in the workplace outside the classroom, it is difficult to fully comprehend their educational potential using traditional learning perspectives such as imbibing outside knowledge. Accordingly, this study aims to explore the experiences of a rotation-based clerkship of medical school students from the perspective of social constructivism of learning, which can empirically examine what and how medical students learn during clinical clerkship in South Korea...

INTRODUCTION: Pediatric trauma has long been one of the primary contributors to pediatric mortality. There are multiple cases in the literature involving cyanide (CN) toxicity, carbon monoxide (CO) toxicity, and smoke inhalation with thermal injury, but none in combination with mechanical trauma. METHODS: In this 45-minute simulation case, emergency medicine residents and fellows were asked to manage a pediatric patient with multiple life-threatening traumatic and metabolic concerns after being extracted from a van accident with a resulting fire...

OBJECTIVE: SCN1A variants are associated with epilepsy syndromes ranging from mild genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) to severe Dravet syndrome (DS). Many variants are de novo, making early phenotype prediction difficult, and genotype-phenotype associations remain poorly understood. METHODS: We assessed data from a retrospective cohort of 1018 individuals with SCN1A-related epilepsies. We explored relationships between variant characteristics (position, in silico prediction scores: Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion (CADD), Rare Exome Variant Ensemble Learner (REVEL), SCN1A genetic score), seizure characteristics, and epilepsy phenotype...

INTRODUCTION: Existing literature about student-run clinics (SRCs) often focuses on student rather than patient experiences. To begin to gather data on norms and practices at SRCs nationally, this pilot study surveyed faculty leaders from SRCs around the country about metrics such as clinic organization, patient demographics, and care services. METHODS: A 38-question survey was distributed via email to members of the Student Run Free Clinic Faculty Association (SRFCFA) in October 2021...

BACKGROUND: Across medical specialties, including nuclear cardiology, competency based medical education (CBME) changes the emphasis of learning from a time or experiential emphasis to a proficiency focused approached. Plotted on a learning-curve graph the emphasis on learning has shifted from the duration/ volume-based x-axis to the performance-based y-axis. CURRENT STATUS: It has proven difficult to establish y-axis-based standards within nuclear cardiology to assess learning...

Informal learners of computational skills often fi nd it difficult to self-direct their learning pursuits, which may be spread across different mediums and study sessions. Inspired by self-monitoring interventions from domains such as health and productivity, we investigate key requirements for helping informal learners better self-reflect on their learning experiences. We carried out two elicitation studies with paper-based and interactive probes to explore a range of manual, automatic, and semi-automatic design approaches for capturing and presenting a learner's data...