thrombus stability

Aim: Streptokinase has poor selectivity and provokes the immune response. In this study, we used in silico studies to design a fusion protein to achieve targeted delivery to the thrombus. Materials & methods: Streptokinase was analyzed computationally for mapping. The fusion protein modeling and quality assessment were carried out on several servers. The enzymatic activity and the stability of the fusion protein and its complex with plasminogen were assessed through molecular docking analysis and molecular dynamics simulation respectively...

Proteases derived from Streptomyces demonstrate numerous commendable properties, rendering it extensively applicable in biotechnology and various industrial sectors. This study focused on the purification and characterization of the thermostable protease obtained from Streptomyces sp. CNXK100. The purified protease exhibited an estimated molecular weight of 27 kDa, with optimal activity at 75°C and pH 8.0. Notably, the enzyme remained active even without any metal ions and fully active in the presence of Na+ , K+ , Mg2+ , and Cu2+ metal ions...

BACKGROUND: There is insufficient information regarding the bleeding sites and surgical strategies of cardiac tamponade during catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). CASE PRESENTATION: Of the five patients with cardiac tamponade, three required surgical intervention and two required pericardiocentesis. In the first case of three cardiac tamponades requiring surgical intervention, considering that the peripheral route was used, the catecholamines did not reach the heart, and due to unstable vital signs, venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) was inserted...

BACKGROUND: Device-related thrombosis (DRT) is a known complication to left atrial appendage closure (LAAC). The surface of a LAAC device should ideally have antithrombotic properties. The novel WATCHMAN FLX Pro (WFP) incorporates a fluoropolymer-coated fabric membrane designed to increase thromboresistance and facilitate endothelialization. Such features could potentially allow for a minimal post-procedural antithrombotic regimen. Radiopaque platinum markers at the device shoulders and a large 40 mm device are other novel features of the WFP...

BACKGROUND: Patients with single-ventricle physiologies continue to experience insufficient circulatory power after undergoing palliative surgeries. This paper proposed a right heart assist device equipped with flexible blades to provide circulatory assistance for these patients. The optimal elastic modulus of the flexible blades was investigated through numerical simulation. METHODS: A one-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation was employed to study the deformation of flexible blades during rotation and its impact on device performance...

D-dimer is a protein fragment generated during the fibrin breakdown by plasmin, and it serves as a mature biomarker for diagnosing thrombotic disorders. A novel immunoassay method based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has been developed, validated, and successfully applied for the quantification of D-dimer in human plasma with high sensitivity and rapidity. In this methodological study, we investigated the activity and stability of the SPR biosensor, sample pre-processing, washing conditions, intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy and detection parameters, including a limit of detection of 8...

Thrombotic diseases impose a significant global health burden, and conventional drug-based thrombolytic therapies are encumbered by the risk of bleeding complications. In this study, we introduce a novel drug-free nanomedicine founded on tea polyphenols nanoparticles (TPNs), which exhibits multifaceted capabilities for localized photothermal thrombolysis. TPNs were synthesized through a one-pot process under mild conditions, deriving from the monomeric epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Within this process, indocyanine green (ICG) was effectively encapsulated, exploiting multiple intermolecular interactions between EGCG and ICG...

Objective: The objective of this work is to design and fabricate a novel multifunctional nanocarrier combining thrombus-targeted imaging and ultrasound-mediated drug delivery for the theranostics of thrombotic diseases. Impact Statement: This study develops a new technology that can accurately visualize the thrombus and deliver drugs with controllable properties to diagnose and treat thrombotic diseases. Introduction: Thrombotic diseases are a serious threat to human life and health. The diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic diseases have always been a challenge...

The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has changed the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a first-line treatment for intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma. Serving as a local treatment modality that can induce immunogenic cell death, the efficacy and safety of combined use with ICI have not been evaluated. Although there have been prospective studies aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of ICI combined with TACE in BCLC stage B HCC patients, there are few reports on the evaluation of BCLC stage C patients with distant metastasis or portal vein cancer thrombus...

Due to the increasing aging population and the advancements in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), the use of bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) in patients diagnosed with valvular disease has increased substantially. Commercially available glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linked biological valves suffer from reduced durability due to a combination of factors, including the high cell toxicity of GA, subacute thrombus, inflammation and calcification. In this study, oxidized chondroitin sulfate (OCS), a natural polysaccharide derivative, was used to replace GA to cross-link decellularized bovine pericardium (DBP), carrying out the first crosslinking of DBP to obtain OCS-BP...

Patients with a history of blood clots are commonly placed on anticoagulation therapy, but a common adverse effect of this therapy is hemorrhage. Our patient with a history of left ventricle thrombus in a free-standing inpatient rehabilitation hospital had ecchymoses that expanded over a large portion of the posterior thigh in one day. The rapid expansion of the ecchymoses coupled with a decline in hemoglobin levels prompted an immediate evaluation that showed an intramuscular hematoma. With hemoglobin levels dropping significantly, the patient was then transferred to the emergency department for higher levels of care...

With an aging population, the patients with valvular heart disease (VHD) are growing worldwide, and valve replacement is a primary choice for these patients with severe valvular disease. Among them, bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs), especially BHVs trough transcatheter aortic valve replacement, are widely accepted by patients on account of their good hemodynamics and biocompatibility. Commercial BHVs in clinic are prepared by glutaraldehyde cross-linked pericardial tissue with the risk of calcification and thrombotic complications...

This study proposes a novel inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) design, "Lotus," aiming to enhance release stability and endothelialization. A catheter-filter-vessel model was established for IVCF property analysis, validated by comparing numerical simulations and in vitro tests. Lotus's mechanical properties were analyzed, and optimization suggestions are provided. Compared to existing clinical filters, Lotus demonstrates improved release stability and thrombus capture ability. This work suggests Lotus as a potential technical reference for improved IVCF treatment...

PURPOSE: Shear-mediated thrombosis is a clinically relevant phenomenon that underlies excessive arterial thrombosis and device-induced thrombosis. Red blood cells are known to mechanically contribute to physiological hemostasis through margination of platelets and vWF, facilitating the unfurling of vWF multimers, and increasing the fraction of thrombus-contacting platelets. Shear also plays a role in this phenomenon, increasing both the degree of margination and the near-wall forces experienced by vWF and platelets leading to unfurling and activation...

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a venous return disorder caused by abnormal clotting of blood in deep veins. After thrombosis, most of the thrombus will spread to the deep vein trunk throughout the limb. If DVT is not treated in time, most of them will develop into thrombosis sequelae and even threaten life. Intravenous thrombolytic drugs are the most promising strategy for treating DVT, but current drugs used for thrombolysis suffer from short half-lives and narrow therapeutic indexes. To effectively manage DVT, it is necessary to develop a novel multifunctional drug-loading system to effectively prolong the treatment time and improve the therapeutic efficacy...

BACKGROUND: Extracellular traps formed by neutrophils (NETs) and eosinophils (EETs) have been described in coronary thrombi, contributing to thrombus stability. A key mechanism during NET formation is histone modification by the enzyme PAD4. Citrullinated histones, the product of PAD4 activity, are often attributed to neutrophils. Eosinophils also express high levels of PAD4 but the contribution of PAD4 to EET formation is not known. METHODS: We performed immunohistological analyses on thrombi, including a large, intact and eosinophil-containing thrombus retrieved from the right coronary artery using an aspiration catheter and stroke thrombi from thrombectomy retrieval...

BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism is a major health problem. After thrombus formation, its resolution is essential to re-establish blood flow, which is crucially mediated by infiltrating neutrophils and monocytes in concert with activated platelets and endothelial cells. Thus, we aimed to modulate leukocyte function during thrombus resolution post-thrombus formation by blocking P-selectin/CD62P-mediated cell interactions. METHODS: Thrombosis was induced by inferior vena cava stenosis through ligation in mice...

BACKGROUND: Active and passive biomechanical properties of platelets contribute substantially to thrombus formation. Actomyosin contractility drives clot contraction required for stabilizing the hemostatic plug. Impaired contractility results in bleeding but is difficult to detect using platelet function tests. OBJECTIVES: To determine how diminished myosin activity affects platelet functions, including and beyond clot contraction. METHODS: Using the myosin IIA-specific pharmacologic inhibitor blebbistatin, we modulated myosin activity in platelets from healthy donors and systematically characterized platelet responses at various levels of inhibition by interrogating distinct platelet functions at each stage of thrombus formation using a range of complementary assays...

The contact between the dialysis membrane and blood can induce oxidative stress (OS) and thrombosis, causing oxidative organ damage and impaired toxin clearance. To date, the selection of anticoagulants has focused on mechanisms inhibiting white, but not red (erythrocytes) thrombus formation. In the present study, polyethersulfone (PES) membranes were modified with the antioxidant drug tiopronin, the physicochemical properties and dialysis performance of the Tio-PES membranes were evaluated. The effects on erythrocyte thrombosis were evaluated in terms of erythrocyte morphology, prothrombotic properties (adhesion, aggregation, viscosity, sedimentation, and hemolysis), and fibrinogen-erythrocyte interactions...

Splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) is a rare type of venous thromboembolism occurring within the splanchnic venous system. Portal vein thrombosis is the most common presentation, while Budd-Chiari syndrome is the least common. Liver cirrhosis and abdominal solid cancer are the main local risk factors for SVT, whereas myeloproliferative neoplasms are the predominant systemic risk factors. Signs and symptoms of SVT are nonspecific and include abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, and ascites. Asymptomatic SVT is not uncommon, and the majority would be detected incidentally on routine abdominal imaging performed for the follow-up of liver diseases and tumors...