Gi-net

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) encompass tumors arising from neuroendocrine cells in various organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, adrenal gland, and paraganglia. Despite advancements, accurately predicting the aggressiveness of gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) NENs based solely on pathological data remains challenging, thereby limiting optimal clinical management. Our previous research unveiled a crucial link between hypermethylation of the protocadherin PCDHGC3 gene and neuroendocrine tumors originating from the paraganglia and adrenal medulla...

INTRODUCTION: The goal of this study is to compare the prognostic performance of NETPET scores, based on gallium-68 DOTANOC (68 Ga-DOTANOC) and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET-CT), and PET-CT metabolic parameters in metastatic gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NET), while constructing and validating a nomogram derived from dual-scan PET-CT. METHODS: In this retrospective study, G1-G3 GI-NET patients who underwent 68 Ga-DOTANOC and 18 F-FDG PET scans were enrolled and divided into training and internal validation cohorts...

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the incidence of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs) has remarkably increased due to the widespread use of screening gastrointestinal endoscopy. Currently, the most common treatments are surgery and endoscopic resection. Compared to surgery, endoscopic resection possesses a higher risk of resection margin residues for the treatment of GI-NETs. METHODS: A total of 315 patients who underwent surgery or endoscopic resection for GI-NETs were included...

There are several options for systemic therapy of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NEN), including somatostatin analogues (SSA), molecular-targeted agents, cytotoxic agents, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. However, the effectiveness of each agent varies according to the primary site. Although SSA and everolimus are key drugs used for systemic therapy of neuroendocrine tumors arising from the gastrointestinal tract (GI-NET), the optimal strategy for selecting among these modalities remains unexplored...

PURPOSE: To develop recommendations for systemic therapy for well-differentiated grade 1 (G1) to grade 3 (G3) metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). METHODS: ASCO convened an Expert Panel to conduct a systematic review of relevant studies and develop recommendations for clinical practice. RESULTS: Eight randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. RECOMMENDATIONS: Somatostatin analogs (SSAs) are recommended as first-line systemic therapy for most patients with G1-grade 2 (G2) metastatic well-differentiated GI-NETs...

INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs) are being more frequently diagnosed and treated by endoscopic resection (ER) techniques. However, comparison studies of the different ER techniques or long-term outcomes are rarely reported. METHODS: This was a single-center retrospective study analyzing short and long-term outcomes after ER of gastric, duodenum, and rectal GI-NETs. Comparison between standard EMR (sEMR), EMR with a cap (EMRc), and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was made...

Somatostatin is known to inhibit the secretion of various hormones by acting on endocrine cells through the somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2). Immunohistochemical evaluation of SSTR2 has become increasingly important in clinical practice to determine treatment strategies for patients with a neuroendocrine tumor (NET). Gastrointestinal (GI) tracts contain various neuroendocrine cells that constitute a diffuse endocrine system and some NETs are derived from those cells. In addition, NETs have been well known to express a variable spectrum of proteins shared by their normal cell counterparts of the specific anatomical sites...

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine trends in incidence and survival in patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs) from 1977 to 2016, and then analyze the potential risk factors including sex, age, race, grade, Socioeconomic status (SES), site, and stage. METHODS: Data were obtained from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, relative survival rates (RSRs), and Cox proportional risk regression model were used to evaluate the relationship between these factors and prognosis...

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are epithelial malignancies that can arise from multiple tissues. Gastrointestinal (GI) NETs are the most common; in this review of extra-abdominal carcinoid tumors, we focus our discussion on bronchial and thymic carcinoid tumors. Bronchial carcinoid tumors comprise a quarter of all NETs and less than 2% of all lung cancers. Thymic carcinoid tumors are extremely rare, accounting for 5% of thymic tumors. Both bronchial and thymic carcinoid tumors are histologically classified as either typical or atypical based on their mitotic rate (less than 2 or 2-10 mitoses per 10 high-powered fields (HPF), respectively)...

Background: The treatment strategies and prognosis for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors were associated with tumor grade. Preoperative predictive grading could be of great benefit in the selection of treatment options for patients. However, there is still a lack of effective non-invasive strategies to detect gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs) grading preoperatively. Methods: The data on 147 consecutive GI-NETs patients was retrospectively collected from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2019...

Proliferative activity examined by Ki67 labeling index (LI) plays pivotal role for managing gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumor (GI-NET). Few reports indicated the intra-patient heterogeneity of Ki67-LI among metastatic tumor sites. We report a case of brain and orbital metastases from GI-NET that showed discrepancy of the Ki67-LI. A 71 year-old woman who was diagnosed as GI-NET with liver and bone metastases and performed medical therapy, had headache, right exophthalmos, and pain of right eye and was referred to our department...

The prevalence of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs) is increasing, and despite recent advances in their therapy, it remains inadequate in patients with advanced well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. These tumors present many challenges concerning the molecular basis and genomic profile, pathophysiology, clinicopathological features, histopathologic classification, diagnosis and treatment. There has been an ongoing debate on diagnostic criteria and clinical behavior, and various changes have been made over the last few years...

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal (non-pancreatic) neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs) represent a rare but increasingly common tumor entity. Prognosis and biological behavior of these tumors is extremely heterogenous and largely dependent on the specific tumor site, stage and differentiation. However, systematic data on the epidemiology of GI-NET, especially in terms of geographic distributions are missing. METHODS: We used the Oncology Dynamics database (IQVIA) to identify a total of 1354 patients with GI-NET from four European countries (Germany, France, Spain, UK) and compared them with regard to major patient and tumor related characteristics including patients' age, sex, tumor stage, tumor grading and differentiation...

Therapeutic advancements in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have improved survival outcomes. This study aims to review the impact of the current therapeutics on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in NET patients. A literature review was performed utilizing PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and EMBASE, using the keywords "Carcinoid", "Neuroendocrine tumor", "NET", "Quality of life", "Chemotherapy", "Chemoembolization", "Radiofrequency ablation", "Peptide receptor radionucleotide therapy", "PRRT", "Surgery", "Everolimus", "Octreotide", "Lanreotide", "Sunitinib", and "Somatostatin analog"...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize the recent developments in the medical treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms. RECENT FINDINGS: The medical management of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs) continues to evolve with advances in the management of symptoms related to hormone hypersecretion and therapeutic control of disease progression. Systemic therapy options include somatostatin analogs (SSAs), radiolabeled SSAs, molecularly targeted agents, and cytotoxic therapy...

PURPOSE: To assess and compare clinical outcomes and costs, to the Italian healthcare system, of three therapeutic options approved in the management of adult patients with gastro-enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NETs). METHODS: We compared the efficacy, safety, and costs of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE, everolimus (both originator and generic products), and sunitinib in patients with advanced GEP-NETs (NET G1 and G2) that had progressed following treatment with somatostatin analogs (SSAs)...

Aim: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of [177 Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE versus relevant comparators for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours located in the gastrointestinal tract (GI-NETs) and the pancreas (P-NETs). Materials and methods: A three-state partitioned survival model was developed to perform a cost-utility analysis of [177 Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE versus standard of care (high dose Octreotide LAR), everolimus and sunitinib. Effectiveness data for SoC, everolimus and sunitinib were obtained from published Kaplan-Meier survival curves...

Head-to-head comparisons of the efficacy of treatments for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NETs) have not yet been reported. This study used a series of matching-adjusted indirect comparisons to indirectly compare the effectiveness of [177 Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE to everolimus, sunitinib and best supportive care (BSC) for extending progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with advanced, unresectable gastrointestinal (GI)-NETs and P-NETs. The results of the main analysis suggest that after accounting for differences in key prognostic variables, the hazard of progression was 62% (hazard ratio [HR], 0...

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare tumors derived from the neuroendocrine cell system, and more commonly found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Over the last decades, the incidence of GI-NETs has been steadily increasing, partly due to the expanding indications for endoscopy. Most patients with NETs are asymptomatic, and their NETs are noticed during screening examinations; thus, endoscopists are on the frontline of the diagnosis of GI-NETs. Since GI-NETs are less frequent than other malignancies, the natural history, diagnosis, and management of these tumors may not be fully understood...

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumor (GI-NET) is a group of neoplasia consisting of amine and acid producing cells with different hormonal profiles. Although the entire GIS accounts for about 2% of tumors, recent research reveals that the incidence rate has increased. Given the increasing incidence in GI-NETs, more and more extensive research is needed on this subject. In this regard, the demographic and clinicopathological features of the patients diagnosed with GI-NET and their relationship with survival were investigated in the present study...