Artificial heart

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In a 39-year-old male with mitral valve endocarditis, after 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotics, echocardiography confirmed multiple vegetations on both leaflets, a flail posterior leaflet flail and contained perforation of the anterior leaflet in a windsock-like morphology. All vegetations, diseased and ruptured chords and the windsock-like contained rupture of the anterior leaflet were carefully resected via a right minithoracotomy and with femoral cannulation. Three repair techniques were blended to reconstruct the valve: (1) A large, infected portion of the prolapsing posterior leaflet was resected in a triangular fashion, and the edges were re-approximated using continuous 5-0 polypropylene sutures...

Moderate Aortic Stenosis (AS) patients have a higher risk of adverse clinical outcomes than the general population. How this risk compares to those with severe AS, along with factors associated with outcomes and disease progression, is less clear. We analyzed serial echoes (from 2017-2019) from a single healthcare system using Tempus Next (Chicago, IL) software. AS severity was defined according to American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) guidelines. Outcomes of interest included death or heart failure (HF) hospitalization...

Artificial pancreas requires data from multiple sources for accurate insulin dose estimation. These include data from continuous glucose sensors, past insulin dosage information, meal quantity and time and physical activity data. The effectiveness of closed-loop diabetes management systems might be hampered by the absence of these data caused by device error or lack of compliance by patients. In this study, we demonstrate the effect of output sequence length-driven generative and discriminative model selection in high quality data generation and augmentation...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a novel form of rapidly reversible heart failure occurring secondary to a stressor that mimics an acute coronary event. The underlying etiology of the stressor is highly variable and can include medical procedures. Pacemaker insertion is an infrequent cause of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. CASE PRESENTATION: An 86-year-old Caucasian woman underwent an uncomplicated pacemaker insertion for symptomatic complete heart block in the background of slow atrial fibrillation...

BACKGROUND: An artificial intelligence algorithm that analyzes the pulse oximeter waveform in the fingertip can be used to determine the compensatory reserve index (CRI) in trauma patients. This measurement shows the remaining cardiovascular capacity and is known to be more specific and sensitive in detecting blood loss than are routine vital signs. We hypothesized that the CRI measurement could predict loss of reserve cardiovascular capacity in patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery, and therefore could help in their management...

In modern healthcare, integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is highly beneficial and has made it possible to effectively control disease using networks of interconnected sensors worn by individuals. The purpose of this work is to develop an AI-IoMT framework for identifying several of chronic diseases form the patients' medical record. For that, the Deep Auto-Optimized Collaborative Learning (DACL) Model, a brand-new AI-IoMT framework, has been developed for rapid diagnosis of chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and stroke...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Ablation of monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (MMVT) has been shown to reduce shock frequency and improve survival. We aimed to compare cause-specific risk factors of MMVT and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PVT)/ventricular fibrillation (VF) and to develop predictive models. METHODS: The multicenter retrospective cohort study included 2,668 patients (age 63.1±13.0 y; 23% female; 78% white; 43% nonischemic cardiomyopathy, left ventricular ejection fraction 28...

OBJECTIVES: To characterize the diagnosis, frequency, and procedural implications of septal venous channel perforation during left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP). METHODS: All consecutive patients undergoing LBBAP over an 8-month period were prospectively studied. During lead placement, obligatory septal contrast injection was performed twice, at initiation (implant entry zone) and completion (fixation zone). An intuitive fluoroscopic schema using orthogonal views (LAO/RAO) and familiar landmarks is described...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Clinical concerns exist about the potential proarrhythmic effects of the sodium channel blockers flecainide and propafenone (SCB) in patients with cardiovascular disease. SCB were used to deliver early rhythm control (ERC) therapy in EAST-AFNET 4. METHODS: We analysed the primary safety outcome (death, stroke, or serious adverse events related to rhythm-control therapy) and primary efficacy outcome (cardiovascular death, stroke and hospitalization for worsening of heart failure or acute coronary syndrome) during SCB-intake for ERC patients (n = 1395) in EAST-AFNET 4...

Clinicians often suspect that a treatment effect can vary across individuals. However, they usually lack "evidence-based" guidance regarding potential heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTE). Potentially actionable HTE is rarely discovered in clinical trials and is widely believed (or rationalized) by researchers to be rare. Conventional statistical methods to test for possible HTE are extremely conservative and tend to reinforce this belief. In truth, though, there is no realistic way to know whether a common, or average, effect estimated from a clinical trial is relevant for all, or even most, patients...

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pulsed field ablation (PFA) for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) potentially offers improved safety and procedural efficiencies compared to thermal ablation. Opportunities remain to improve effective circumferential lesion delivery, safety, and workflow of first generation PFA systems. Here we aim to evaluate the initial clinical experience with a balloon-in-basket, 3D integrated PFA system with a purpose-built form factor for pulmonary vein (PV) isolation...

OBJECTIVE: Early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases is a crucial task in medical practice. With the application of computer audition in the healthcare field, artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied to clinical non-invasive intelligent auscultation of heart sounds to provide rapid and effective pre-screening. However, AI models generally require large amounts of data which may cause privacy issues. Unfortunately, it is difficult to collect large amounts of healthcare data from a single centre...

AIMS: Electronic health records (EHR) linked to Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM), biological specimens, and deep learning (DL) algorithms could potentially improve patient care through automated case detection and surveillance. We hypothesized that by applying keyword searches to routinely stored EHR, in conjunction with AI-powered automated reading of DICOM echocardiography images and analysing biomarkers from routinely stored plasma samples, we were able to identify heart failure (HF) patients...

AIMS: Coronary computed tomography angiography provides noninvasive assessment of coronary stenosis severity and flow impairment. Automated artificial intelligence analysis may assist in precise quantification and characterization of coronary atherosclerosis, enabling patient-specific risk determination and management strategies. This multicenter international study compared an automated deep-learning-based method for segmenting coronary atherosclerosis in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) against the reference standard of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)...

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BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is a prevalent condition associated with significant morbidity. Patients may have questions that they feel embarrassed to ask or will face delays awaiting responses from their healthcare providers which may impact their health behavior. We aimed to investigate the potential of large language model (LLM) based artificial intelligence (AI) chat platforms in complementing the delivery of patient-centered care. METHODS: Using online patient forums and physician experience, we created 30 questions related to diagnosis, management and prognosis of HF...