Injur prevention

Managing children with critical neurological conditions requires a comprehensive understanding of several principles of critical care. Providing a holistic approach that addresses not only the acute interactions between the brain and different organ systems, but also critical illness-associated complications and recovery is essential for improving outcomes in these patients. The brain reacts to an insult with autonomic responses designed to optimize cardiac output and perfusion, which can paradoxically be detrimental...

Background and Objectives : Accidental home injuries among older adults are increasing globally, but reporting is limited. This study aims to establish foundational data for program development and policies to prevent accidental injuries at home in older adults by using data on the occurrence of accidental injuries at home and analyzing the risk factors of mortality due to accidental injuries among adults aged 65 years and older. Materials and Methods : This retrospective study used data from the community-based Severe Trauma Survey in South Korea...

Vision Zero postulates that no one should be killed or seriously injured in road traffic; therefore, it is necessary to define evidence-based speed limits to mitigate impact severity. The overall aims to guide the definition of safe speeds limits by establishing relations between impact speed and the risk of at-least-moderate (MAIS2+) and at-least-severe (MAIS3+) injuries for car occupants in frontal and side crashes in Sweden. As Swedish in-depth data are unavailable, the first objective was to assess the applicability of German In-depth Accident Study (GIDAS) data to Sweden...

OBJECTIVE: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk reduction strategies include early initiation of chemoprophylaxis, reducing missed doses, weight-based dosing and dose adjustment using anti-Xa levels. We hypothesized that time to initiation of chemoprophylaxis would be the strongest modifiable risk for VTE, even after adjusting for competing risk factors. METHODS: A prospectively maintained trauma registry was queried for patients admitted July 2017-October 2021 who were 18 years and older and received emergency release blood products...

PURPOSE: To systematically review studies utilizing video analyses to evaluate anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury mechanisms in athletes during sport to better understand risk factors and the potential for injury prevention. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in accordance with the 2020 PRISMA guidelines statement using SCOPUS, PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials from database inception through June 2023. Inclusion criteria including studies reporting on ACL injury mechanisms occurring in athletes based on video analysis...

INTRODUCTION: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) should be considered when evaluating the burden of road trauma (RT) injuries. This study aimed to identify distinct HRQoL trajectories following minor to severe RT injury and determine characteristics of trajectory membership. METHODS: This prospective inception cohort study recruited 1480 RT survivors from three emergency departments in British Columbia, Canada (July 2018 - March 2020). HRQoL outcome was measured with the Short Form 12 survey (SF-12) and the 5-level version of the EuroQol instrument (EQ-5D-5L) at baseline (pre-injury) and at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months post-injury...

Home oxygen therapy (HOT) is prescribed to patients with pulmonary dysfunction to improve survival and quality of life. However, ignition of oxygen can lead to burns with significant morbidity and mortality. Providers who routinely treat this patient population face an ethical issue: balancing the obligation to provide beneficial treatment to a patient with the responsibility to protect that patient from suffering avoidable burn injuries. A thorough review was conducted to assess the literature regarding ethical considerations involved in managing patients who have been burned while smoking on HOT and who continue to smoke...

OBJECTIVES: The role of work-related injuries as a risk factor for opioid-related harms has been hypothesized, but little data exist to support this relationship. The objective was to compare the incidence of opioid-related harms among a cohort of formerly injured workers to the general population in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: Workers' compensation claimants (1983-2019) were linked to emergency department (ED) and hospitalization records (2006-2020). Incident rates of opioid-related poisonings and mental and behavioural disorders were estimated among 1...

OBJECTIVE: Postoperative pain remains one of the most common complaints after surgery, and appropriate treatments are limited. METHODS: We therefore investigated the effect of the anti-nociceptive properties of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4 ), an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, on incision-induced postoperative pain and peripheral and central nervous system inflammation. RESULTS: We found that local MgSO4 administration dose-dependently increases paw withdrawal latency, indicating reduced peripheral postoperative pain...

Acute coronary artery blockage leads to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Cardiomyocytes are terminally differentiated cells that rarely divide. Treatments preventing cardiomyocyte loss during AMI have a high therapeutic benefit. Accumulating evidence shows that microRNAs (miRNAs) may play an essential role in cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to explore the biological function and underlying regulatory molecular mechanism of miR-322-5p on myocardial infarction (MI). This study's miR-322-5p is downregulated in MI-injured hearts according to integrative bioinformatics and experimental analyses...

INTRODUCTION: While the U.S. has high quality data on firearm-related deaths, less information is available on those who arrive at trauma centers alive, especially those discharged from the emergency department. This study sought to describe characteristics of patients arriving to trauma centers alive following a firearm injury, postulating that significant differences in firearm injury intent might provide insights into injury prevention strategies. METHODS: This was a multi-center prospective cohort study of patients treated for firearm-related injuries at 128 U...

Endometrial injury poses a significant challenge in tissue regeneration, with type III collagen (COL III) playing a pivotal role in maintaining endometrial integrity and facilitating repair. Our study explored the utility of recombinant human type III collagen (RHC) as an intervention for endometrial damage. To address the challenges associated with the inherent instability and rapid degradation of COL III in vivo, we developed an RHC-HA hydrogel by conjugating RHC with hyaluronic acid (HA), thus ensuring a more stable and sustained delivery...

BACKGROUND: Traumatic injury is one of the top public health challenges globally. Injury survivors often experience poor health and functioning and restricted participation in employment. In Ethiopia, there is a paucity of evidence about the long-term consequences of injuries, particularly about their employment outcomes and disability status. This study characterizes injury survivors by their preinjury status, injury characteristics, postinjury employment outcomes and disability status 1 year post injury...

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is very common, especially in young athletic individuals who injure themselves during sports involving pivoting actions. Management options include conservative management, which involves progressive physical therapy, educating the patient on how to prevent instability, and the use of a hinged knee brace. Surgical management involves reconstruction of the torn ligament using an autograft or an allograft and ACL repair where the torn ligament is affixed back to the tibia or femur...

Introduction Sharp object injuries in the medical field present a considerable occupational hazard for healthcare workers (HCWs), encompassing a spectrum of consequences from immediate discomfort to enduring health consequences. These injuries may expose HCWs to potential infections. Despite efforts to control sharp object injuries in healthcare environments, they are present at every stage involving using or disposing of medical sharp instruments. In Jordan, limited research has focused on sharp object injuries, with most data included from studies concentrating on practicing nurses or nursing students...

Trauma and acute care surgeons commonly perform high acuity and emergent interventions on critically ill or injured patients. This often entails making life or death decisions rapidly and with incomplete and imperfect information, and in patients who may have a variety of comorbidities that contribute to the risk of adverse outcomes. In cases where there are real or perceived breaches of care, a medical malpractice claim may result. In the USA, approximately one-third to one-half of all physicians will be named in medical litigation at least once in their career...

The aim of this integrative review was to explore the effect of care bundles in the prevention of Medical Device Related Pressure Ulcers (MDRPU). An MDRPU is a wound that occurs on the skin or mucosal membranes because of pressure or pressure in combination with shear. Like other types of pressure ulcers, they will have negative consequences for patients and healthcare organisations alike. Many MDRPU's are preventable. A literature search was undertaken from computerised databases using key search terms, Pressure Ulcer* Pressure Injur* and Medical Device*...

Nitrogen mustard (NM) is a potent vesicating chemical warfare agent that is primarily absorbed through skin, inhalation, or ocular surface. Ocular exposure of NM can cause acute to chronic keratopathy which can eventually lead to blindness. There is a current lack of effective countermeasures against ocular exposure of NM despite their imperative need. Herein, we aim to explore the sustained effect of Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP)-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (PLGA-DSP-NP) following a single subconjunctival injection in the management and prevention of corneal injury progression upon exposure to NM...

AIM: The study was to clarify the mechanism of miR-1258 targeting Prep1 (pKnox1) to control Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1)/SMAD3 pathway in septic Acute Lung Injury (ALI)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. METHODS: BEAS-2B cells and C57BL/6 mice were used to make in vitro and in vivo septic ALI models, respectively. miR-1258 expression was checked by RT-qPCR. After transfection in the in vitro experimental model, inflammation, oxidative stress, viability, and apoptosis were observed through ELISA, MTT, and flow cytometry...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of femoral neck shortening between the femoral neck system (FNS) and the cannulated cancellous screws (CCS) for displaced femoral neck fractures in young adults PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this retrospective analysis, 225 patients aged 18-65 years with displaced femoral neck fracture were divided into two groups according to internal fixation: 135 patients in the FNS group and 90 patients in the CCS group. The length of hospital stay, duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, quality of reduction, extent of femoral neck shortening, incidence of femoral neck shortening, femoral neck shortening at each follow-up visit, Harris hip score (HHS), reoperation, and complications were compared between the two groups...