Selenoprotein

pathological pain and Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two complex multifactorial syndromes. The comorbidity of ADHD and altered pain perception is well documented in children, adolescents, and adults. According to pathophysiological investigations, the dopaminergic system's dysfunction provides a common basis for ADHD and comorbid pain. Growing evidence suggests that oxidative stress may be crucial in both pathologies. Recent studies revealed that a small peptide encompassing the redox-active site of selenoprotein T (PSELT), protects dopaminergic neurons and fibers as well as lesioned nerves in animal models...

Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the development of chronic ocular conditions including cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. There is a need to explore the potential of topical antioxidants to slow the progression of those conditions by mediating oxidative stress and maintaining ocular health. Selenium has attracted considerable attention because it is a component of selenoproteins and antioxidant enzymes. The application of selenium to a patient can increase selenoprotein expression, counteracting the effect of reactive oxygen species by increasing the presence of antioxidant enzymes, and thus slowing the progression of chronic ocular disorders...

Exercise promotes health and wellness, including its operation as a protective factor against a variety of psychological, neurological, and chronic diseases. Selenium and its biomarker, selenoprotein P (SEPP1), have been implicated in health, including cancer prevention, neurological function, and dopamine signaling. SEPP1 blood serum levels were compared with a one-way ANOVA between sedentary (SED), moderately exercised (MOD) [10 m/min starting at 10 min, increasing to 60 min], and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) exercised rats [30 min in intervals of 2-min followed by a 1-min break, speed progressively increased from 10 to 21 m/min]...

Background : Biomarkers development for prognostication or prediction of perioperative myocardial disease is critical for the evolution of treatment options in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The aim of our prospective monocentric study was to investigate the role of selenoprotein 1 (SEEP 1) as a potential biomarker for assessing the risk of myocardial injury after cardiac surgery. Methods : Circulating SEPP1 was measured in the blood of 45 patients before surgery and at 4 h, 8 h and 12 h after CPB by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); (3) Results : circulating SEPP-1 levels measured 4 h after surgery were strongly correlated with CK-MB levels measured at 48 h (R = 0...

The chemical and biological interest in this element and the molecules bearing selenium has been exponentially growing over the years. Selenium, formerly designated as a toxin, becomes a vital trace element for life that appears as selenocysteine and its dimeric form, selenocystine, in the active sites of selenoproteins, which catalyze a wide variety of reactions, including the detoxification of reactive oxygen species and modulation of redox activities. From the point of view of drug developments, organoselenium drugs are isosteres of sulfur-containing and oxygen-containing drugs with the advantage that the presence of the selenium atom confers antioxidant properties and high lipophilicity, which would increase cell membrane permeation leading to better oral bioavailability...

Selenium is an essential trace element co-translationally incorporated into selenoproteins with important biological functions. Health benefits have long been associated with selenium supplementation. However, cytotoxicity is observed upon excessive selenium intake. The aim of this study is to investigate the metabolic pathways underlying the response to the selenium-containing amino acids selenomethionine and selenocysteine in a normal human breast epithelial cell model. We show that both selenomethionine and selenocystine inhibit the proliferation of non-cancerous MCF-10A cells in the same concentration range as cancerous MCF-7 and Hela cells, which results in apoptotic cell death...

Previously, insulin resistance and hepatic oxidative stress with increased expressions of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) 1 and selenoprotein P (SelP) were induced in NSY mice, a diabetic mouse model, by administrating a high fat diet (HFD) and seleno-L-methionine (SeMet) for 12 weeks. In this study we developed an analysis method for serum selenoproteins using LC-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and investigated the effects of supplementary selenium on serum concentrations of selenoproteins as well as protein expression in skeletal muscle as a major insulin target tissue under the same experimental condition...

BACKGROUND: Renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is the leading cause of acute kidney injury in both autologous and transplanted kidneys. Low-level glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) is associated with renal IR injury. The exact mechanism of targeted GPX3 restoration in renal IR injury has yet to be determined. METHODS: The distribution of GPX3 in different tissues and organs of the body was investigated. The level of GPX3 in renal IR injury was assessed. To confirm the action of GPX3 and its mechanisms, IR models were used to introduce adeno-associated virus 9 containing GPX3, as well as hypoxia/reoxygenation-exposed normal rat kidney cells that consistently overexpressed GPX3...

Nutritional researches have successfully used animal models to gain new insights into nutrient action. However, comprehensive descriptions of their molecular mechanisms of action remain elusive as appropriate in vitro evaluation systems are lacking. Organoid models can mimic physiological structures and reproduce in vivo functions, making them increasingly utilized in biomedical research for a better understand physiological and pathological phenomena. Therefore, organoid modeling can be a powerful approach for to understand the molecular mechanisms of nutrient action...

Glucose and lipid metabolic disorders (GLMDs), such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity, are significant public health issues that negatively impact human health. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a crucial role at the cellular level for lipid and sterol biosynthesis, intracellular calcium storage, and protein post-translational modifications. Imbalance and dysfunction of the ER can affect glucose and lipid metabolism. As an essential trace element, selenium contributes to various human physiological functions mainly through 25 types of selenoproteins (SELENOs)...

BACKGROUND: Laying hens undergo intensive metabolism and are vulnerable to cardiac insults. Past research demonstrated overt heart disorders of broiler chickens induced by dietary Se deficiency. OBJECTIVE: This study was to reveal effects and mechanism of dietary Se insufficiency on cardiac injuries of egg-type chicks in their early life. METHODS: White Leghorn chicks (0-day-old, female) were fed a corn-soy, Se-insufficient basal diet (BD, 0...

Ferroptosis plays important roles both in normal physiology and multiple human diseases. It is well known that selenoprotein named glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a crucial regulator for ferroptosis. However, it remains unknown whether other selenoproteins responsible for the regulation of ferroptosis, particularly in gut diseases. In this study, it is observed that Selenoprotein I (Selenoi) prevents ferroptosis by maintaining ether lipids homeostasis. Specific deletion of Selenoi in intestinal epithelial cells induced the occurrence of ferroptosis, leading to impaired intestinal regeneration and compromised colonic tumor growth...

INTRODUCTION: Selenium (Se) deficiency, stemming from malnutrition in humans and animals, has the potential to disrupt many vital physiological processes, particularly those reliant on specific selenoproteins. Agronomic biofortification of crops through the application of Se-containing sprays provides an efficient method to enhance the Se content in the harvested biomass. An optimal candidate for systematic enrichment, guaranteeing a broad trophic impact, must meet several criteria: (i) efficient accumulation of Se without compromising crop yield, (ii) effective conversion of mineral Se fertilizer into usable organically bound Se forms (Seorg ), (iii) acceptance of a Se-enriched crop as livestock feed, and (iv), interest from the food processing industry in utilization of Se-enriched outputs...

Selenium is an essential micronutrient required for the synthesis and function of selenoproteins, most of which are enzymes involved in maintaining oxidative balance in the body. Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood glucose levels over a prolonged period of time. There are three main types of diabetes: type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. This review summarizes recent advances in the field of diabetes research with an emphasis on the roles of selenoproteins on metabolic disturbance in diabetes...

BACKGROUND: Selenoproteins regulate pathways controlling neurodevelopment, e.g., redox signaling and thyroid hormone metabolism. However, studies investigating maternal selenium in relation to child neurodevelopmental disorders are scarce. METHODS: 719 mother-child pairs from the prospective population-based Odense Child Cohort study in Denmark were included. Three selenium biomarkers, i.e. concentrations of serum selenium, selenoprotein P (SELENOP), and activity of glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), along with serum copper, zinc and iron were measured in early third trimester (at 28...

Aging is associated with a decline in physiological functions and an increased risk of age-related diseases, emphasizing the importance of identifying dietary strategies for healthy aging. Minerals play a crucial role in maintaining optimal health during aging, making them relevant targets for investigation. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the effect of different dietary pattern on mineral status in the elderly. We included 502 individuals aged 50-80 years in a 36-month randomized controlled trial (RCT) (NutriAct study)...

Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD), characterized by severe oxidative stress and immune dysregulation, is a serious condition affecting cancer patients undergoing thoracic radiation. Unfortunately, clinical interventions for RIHD are lacking. Selenium (Se) is a trace element with excellent antioxidant and immune-modulatory properties. However, its application in heart radioprotection remains challenging. Herein, we developed a novel bioactive Cordyceps militaris -based Se oral delivery system (Se@ CM ), which demonstrated superior radioprotection effects in vitro against X-ray-induced damage in H9C2 cells through suppressing excessive ROS generation, compared to the radioprotectant Amifostine...

Sulfide-releasing compounds reduce reperfusion injury by decreasing mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species production. We previously characterised ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATTM), a clinically used copper chelator, as a sulfide donor in rodents. Here we assessed translation to large mammals prior to clinical testing. In healthy pigs an intravenous ATTM dose escalation revealed a reproducible pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship with minimal adverse clinical or biochemical events. In a myocardial infarction (1-h occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery)-reperfusion model, intravenous ATTM or saline was commenced just prior to reperfusion...

BACKGROUND: Patients with multiple myeloma exhibit malignant osteolytic bone disease due to excessive osteoclast formation and function. We recently identified that osteoclastogenic stimulator selenoprotein W (SELENOW) is upregulated via ERK signaling and downregulated via p38 signaling during receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κΒ ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. In the intrinsic physiological process, RANKL-induced downregulation of SELENOW maintains proper osteoclast differentiation; in contrast, forced overexpression of SELENOW leads to overactive osteoclast formation and function...

Selenium compounds exert their antioxidant activity mostly when the selenium atom is incorporated into selenoproteins. In our work, we tested the possibility that selenite itself interacts with thiols to form active species that have reducing properties. Therefore, we studied the reduction of 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1H-imidazol-1-yloxy-3-oxide radical (• cPTIO), damage of plasmid DNA (pDNA), modulation of rat hemodynamic parameters and tension of isolated arteries induced by products of interaction of selenite with thiols...