Pyramidal

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disability that includes sensory disturbances. Hearing is frequently affected and ranges from deafness to hypersensitivity. In utero exposure to the antiepileptic valproic acid is associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorder in humans and timed valproic acid exposure is a biologically relevant and validated animal model of autism spectrum disorder. Valproic acid-exposed rats have fewer neurons in their auditory brainstem and thalamus, fewer calbindin-positive neurons, reduced ascending projections to the midbrain and thalamus, elevated thresholds, and delayed auditory brainstem responses...

Previous studies in autism spectrum disorder demonstrated an increased number of excitatory pyramidal cells and a decreased number of inhibitory parvalbumin+ chandelier interneurons in the prefrontal cortex of postmortem brains. How these changes in cellular composition affect the overall abundance of excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the cortex is not known. Herein, we quantified the number of excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the prefrontal cortex of 10 postmortem autism spectrum disorder brains and 10 control cases...

BACKGROUND: A typical training plan is a mix of many training sessions with different intensities and durations to achieve a specific goal, like running a marathon in a certain time. Scientific publications provide little specific information to aid in writing a comprehensive training plan. This review aims to systematically and quantitatively analyse the last 12 weeks before a marathon as recommended in 92 sub-elite training plans. METHODS: We retrieved 92 marathon training plans and linked their running training sessions to five intensity zones...

Hippocampal pyramidal neurons exhibit diverse spike patterns and gene expression profiles. However, their relationships with single neurons are not fully understood. In this study, we designed an electrophysiology-based experimental procedure to identify gene expression profiles using RNA sequencing of single hippocampal pyramidal neurons whose spike patterns were recorded in living mice. This technique involves a sequence of experiments consisting of in vivo juxtacellular recording and labeling, brain slicing, cell collection, and transcriptome analysis...

Facing the rapid development of 6G communication, long-wave infrared metasurface and biomimetic microfluidics, the performance requirements for microsystems based on metal tiny structures are gradually increasing. As one of powerful methods for fabrication metal complex microstructures, localized electrochemical deposition microadditive manufacturing technology can fabricate copper metal micro overhanging structures without masks and supporting materials. In this study, the role of the microprobe cantilever (MC) in localized electrodeposition was studied...

The irreversible and progressive atrophy by Alzheimer's Disease resulted in continuous decline in thinking and behavioral skills. To date, CNN classifiers were widely applied to assist the early diagnosis of AD and its associated abnormal structures. However, most existing black-box CNN classifiers relied heavily on the limited MRI scans, and used little domain knowledge from the previous clinical findings. In this study, we proposed a framework, named as PINet , to consider the previous domain knowledge as a Privileged Information (PI) , and open the black-box in the prediction process...

Scientific evidence regarding the effect of different ladder-based resistance training (LRT) protocols on the morphology of the neuromuscular system is scarce. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the morphological response induced by different LRT protocols in the ultrastructure of the tibial nerve and morphology of the motor endplate and muscle fibers of the soleus and plantaris muscles of young adult Wistar rats. Rats were divided into groups: sedentary control (control, n = 9), a predetermined number of climbs and progressive submaximal intensity (fixed, n = 9), high-intensity and high-volume pyramidal system with a predetermined number of climbs (Pyramid, n = 9) and lrt with a high-intensity pyramidal system to exhaustion (failure, n = 9)...

Systematic reviews are the apex of the evidence-based pyramid, representing the strongest form of evidence synthesizing results from multiple primary studies. In particular, a quantitative systematic review, or meta-analysis, pools results from multiple studies to help answer a respective research question. The aim of this review is to serve as a guide on how to: 1) design; 2) execute, and 3) publish an orthopaedic arthroplasty systematic review. In Part II, we focus on methods to assess data quality through the Cochrane Risk of Bias, Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) criteria, or Newcastle-Ottawa scale; enumerate various methods for appropriate data interpretation and analysis; and summarize how to convert respective findings to a publishable manuscript (providing a previously published example)...

The use of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine in depression during pregnancy and the postpartum period might increase the risk of affective disorders and cognitive symptoms in progeny. In animal models, maternal exposure to fluoxetine throughout gestation and lactation negatively affects the behavior of the offspring. Little is known about the effects of maternal fluoxetine on synaptic transmission and plasticity in the offspring cerebral cortex. During pregnancy and lactation C57BL/6J mouse dams received fluoxetine (7...

Depth images and thermal images contain the spatial geometry information and surface temperature information, which can act as complementary information for the RGB modality. However, the quality of the depth and thermal images is often unreliable in some challenging scenarios, which will result in the performance degradation of the two-modal based salient object detection (SOD). Meanwhile, some researchers pay attention to the triple-modal SOD task, namely the visible-depth-thermal (VDT) SOD, where they attempt to explore the complementarity of the RGB image, the depth image, and the thermal image...

Objective: To investigate the characteristics and prognosis of two anastomosis techniques in repairing facial nerve defects. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 30 patients who underwent facial nerve anastomosis（direct or rerouting） for facial nerve defects in our department from January 2012 to December 2021. Among them, 21 were male and 9 were female, with an average age of（37.53±11.33） years, all with unilateral onset. Preoperative House-Brackmann（H-B） facial nerve function grades were Ⅳ in 2 cases, Ⅴ in 9 cases, and Ⅵin 19 cases...

Nanomedicine is a growing field where development of novel organic and inorganic materials is essential to meet the complex requirements for drug delivery. This includes biocompatibility, suitability for surface modifications, biodegradability, and stability sufficient to carry a drug payload through various tissues for the desired timespan. Porous silicon nanoparticles (pSi NP) are shown to have several beneficial traits in drug delivery in addition to a porous structure to maximize drug loading. The conventional synthesis of pSi NP using electrochemical etching is costly, time-consuming and requires large quantities of highly toxic hydrofluoric acid (HF)...

Excess oxygen (O2 ) levels may have a stimulating effect, but in the long term, and at high concentrations of O2 , it is harmful to the nervous system. The hippocampus is very sensitive to pathophysiological changes and altered O2 concentrations can interfere with hippocampus-dependent learning and memory functions. In this study, we investigated the hyperoxia-induced changes in the rat hippocampus to evaluate the short-term effect of mild and severe hyperoxia. Wistar male rats were randomly divided into control (21% O2 ), mild hyperoxia (30% O2 ), and severe hyperoxia groups (100% O2 )...

Pharmacological approaches to induce N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction have been intensively used to understand the aetiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Yet, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms that relate to brain network dysfunction remain largely unknown. Here, we used a set of complementary approaches to assess the functional network abnormalities present in male mice that underwent a 7-day subchronic phencyclidine (PCP 10mg/kg, subcutaneously, once daily) treatment...

Latrophilin-1 (Lphn1, a.k.a. CIRL1 and CL1; gene symbol Adgrl1 ) is an Adhesion GPCR that has been implicated in excitatory synaptic transmission as a candidate receptor for α-latrotoxin. Here we analyzed conditional knockin/knockout mice for Lphn1 that contain an extracellular myc-epitope tag. Mice of both sexes were used in all experiments. Surprisingly, we found that Lphn1 is localized in cultured neurons to synaptic nanoclusters that are present in both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Conditional deletion of Lphn1 in cultured neurons failed to elicit a detectable impairment in excitatory synapses but produced a decrease in inhibitory synapse numbers and synaptic transmission that was most pronounced for synapses close to the neuronal soma...

Bridge detection in remote sensing images (RSIs) plays a crucial role in various applications, but it poses unique challenges compared to the detection of other objects. In RSIs, bridges exhibit considerable variations in terms of their spatial scales and aspect ratios. Therefore, to ensure the visibility and integrity of bridges, it is essential to perform holistic bridge detection in large-size very-high-resolution (VHR) RSIs. However, the lack of datasets with large-size VHR RSIs limits the deep learning algorithms' performance on bridge detection...

Crowd localization aims to predict the positions of humans in images of crowded scenes. While existing methods have made significant progress, two primary challenges remain: (i) a fixed number of evenly distributed anchors can cause excessive or insufficient predictions across regions in an image with varying crowd densities, and (ii) ranking inconsistency of predictions between the testing and training phases leads to the model being sub-optimal in inference. To address these issues, we propose a Consistency-Aware Anchor Pyramid Network (CAAPN) comprising two key components: an Adaptive Anchor Generator (AAG) and a Localizer with Augmented Matching (LAM)...

Introduction: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is essential in diagnosing cervical spondylosis, providing detailed visualization of osseous and soft tissue structures in the cervical spine. However, manual measurements hinder the assessment of cervical spine sagittal balance, leading to time-consuming and error-prone processes. This study presents the Pyramid DBSCAN Simple Linear Iterative Cluster (PDB-SLIC), an automated segmentation algorithm for vertebral bodies in T2-weighted MR images, aiming to streamline sagittal balance assessment for spinal surgeons...

Target detection in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) aerial images has gained significance within UAV application scenarios. However, UAV aerial images present challenges, including large-scale changes, small target sizes, complex scenes, and variable external factors, resulting in missed or false detections. This study proposes an algorithm for small target detection in UAV images based on an enhanced YOLOv8 model termed YOLOv8-MPEB. Firstly, the Cross Stage Partial Darknet53 (CSPDarknet53) backbone network is substituted with the lightweight MobileNetV3 backbone network, consequently reducing model parameters and computational complexity, while also enhancing inference speed...

Cervical cancer is a major global health issue, particularly in developing countries where access to healthcare is limited. Early detection of pre-cancerous lesions is crucial for successful treatment and reducing mortality rates. However, traditional screening and diagnostic processes require cytopathology doctors to manually interpret a huge number of cells, which is time-consuming, costly, and prone to human experiences. In this paper, we propose a Multi-scale Window Transformer (MWT) for cervical cytopathology image recognition...