Bicarbonate

A 3-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat and a 2-year-old male neutered Labrador-mix dog were separately presented to the Veterinary Medical Center for evaluation after sustaining significant muscle trauma due to a dog attack and seizure activity, respectively. In both cases, biochemical analysis was consistent with rhabdomyolysis. Additionally, a markedly increased measured serum bicarbonate concentration and negative calculated anion gap were observed. As these biochemical abnormalities were not expected and deemed incompatible with life, an interference with the analyzer measurement of bicarbonate involving marked increases in pyruvate and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) following myocyte injury was suspected...

The aim of this study was to investigate the dose-dependent adverse effects of long-term dietary lithium administration on specific aspects of the defense system in rats. Additionally, the study aimed to explore the inflammatory activities of lithium beyond its recognized anti-inflammatory properties. Forty Wistar Albino rats were involved, which were randomly allocated into the control and four treatment groups. The control group received standard rat feed, and the experimental groups' diet was added 1 g/kg, 1...

This review discusses the importance of homeostasis with a particular emphasis on the acid-base (AB) balance, a crucial aspect of pH regulation in living systems. Two primary organ systems correct deviations from the standard pH balance: the respiratory system via gas exchange and the kidneys via proton/bicarbonate secretion and reabsorption. Focusing on kidney functions, we describe the complexity of renal architecture and its challenges for experimental research. We address specific roles of different nephron segments (the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule) in pH homeostasis, while explaining the physiological significance of ion exchange processes maintained by the kidneys, particularly the role of bicarbonate ions (HCO3 - ) as an essential buffer system of the body...

Dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel by genetic mutations causes the inherited disease cystic fibrosis (CF). CF lung disease that involves multiple disorders of epithelial function likely results from loss of CFTR function as an anion channel conducting chloride and bicarbonate ions and its function as a cellular regulator modulating the activity of membrane and cytosol proteins. In the absence of CFTR activity, abundant mucus accumulation, bacterial infection and inflammation characterize CF airways, in which inflammation-associated tissue remodeling and damage gradually destroys the lung...

OBJECTIVES:  This in vitro study aimed to investigate the impact of bicarbonate air-abrasive powders and ultrasonic scaling with stainless steel tips on the micro- and nanotopography and roughness of three different implant-abutment junction titanium surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS:  Three types of sterile and decontaminated titanium surfaces (RS, UTM, XA) were used for analysis. Nine disks per surface type were subjected to micro- and nanotopography analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), roughness analysis, and fibroblast cultivation...

BACKGROUND: Phosphate buffer is often used as a replacement for the physiological bicarbonate buffer in pharmaceutical dissolution testing, although there are some discrepancies in their properties making it complicated to extrapolate dissolution results in phosphate to the in vivo situation. This study aims to characterize these discrepancies regarding solubility and dissolution behavior of ionizable compounds. METHODS: The dissolution of an ibuprofen powder with a known particle size distribution was simulated in silico and verified experimentally in vitro at two different doses and in two different buffers (5 mM pH 6...

Chemicals bacteria encounter at the infection site could shape their stress and antibiotic responses; such effects are typically undetected under standard lab conditions. Polyamines are small molecules typically overproduced by the host during infection and have been shown to alter bacterial stress responses. We sought to determine the effect of polyamines on the antibiotic response of Klebsiella pneumoniae , a Gram-negative priority pathogen. Interestingly, putrescine and other natural polyamines sensitized K...

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is one of the few vaccines that obtained emergency authorization to combat the fatal pandemic. Despite the fact that some available literature addressed its short-term side effects, there are still limitations on its effects on type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to assess the association between COVID-19 vaccination and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) among individuals with T1DM...

RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: The Kidney Failure Risk Equations have been proven to perform well in multinational databases, whereas validation in Asian populations is lacking. This study sought to externally validate the equations in a community-based chronic kidney disease cohort in China. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: Patients with and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1...

This case describes a rare occurrence of high anion gap metabolic acidosis due to chronic acetaminophen (paracetamol) usage, which can be confirmed by measuring 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamate), an organic acid metabolite. As acetaminophen is an extremely common drug prescribed in both inpatient and outpatient settings, a high degree of clinical suspicion is required to isolate it as the aetiology for metabolic acidosis. Management includes discontinuation of acetaminophen use and at times the supplementation of oral bicarbonate...

Whether rapid oxygen isotopic exchange between bicarbonate and water occurs in photosynthesis is the key to determine the source of oxygen by classic 18 O-labeled photosynthetic oxygen evolution experiments. Here we show that both Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii utilize a significant proportion (>16%) of added bicarbonate as a carbon source for photosynthesis. However, oxygen isotopic signal in added bicarbonate cannot be traced in the oxygen in organic matter synthesized by these photosynthetic organisms...

BACKGROUND: Plasmodiophora brassicae is an ever-increasing threat to cruciferous crop production worldwide. AIMS AND METHODS: This study investigated the impact of pre-soil fumigation with ammonium bicarbonate (N) and lime (NB) to manage clubroot disease in Chinese cabbage through 16S rRNA gene amplification sequencing. RESULTS: We found that soil fumigation with N and NB suppressed disease incidence by reducing the soil acidity and population of P...

Enhancing silicate weathering to increase oceanic alkalinity, thereby facilitating the absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ), is considered a highly promising technique for carbon sequestration. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and potential of olivine-based ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) for the removal of atmospheric CO2 and its storage in seawater as bicarbonates in the East and South China Seas (ESCS). A particular focus is placed on the potential ecological impacts arising from the release of nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) during the olivine weathering process...

A 51-year-old woman with mitochondrial myopathy and congestive heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction was admitted due to loss of appetite and progressive frailty. She presented with acute kidney injury (AKI) and severe acidemia. Given her medical history and physical examination (jugular vein distention was not obvious), prerenal causes (hypovolemia/hypotension) of AKI were considered most likely. However, with a significantly elevated N-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide level of 14,700 pg/mL, a congestive kidney was also considered...

OBJECTIVE: To report non-infectious adverse events associated with transperineal prostate biopsy (TPBx) performed under local anaesthesia (LA) in an outpatient setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study reports secondary outcomes from the Norwegian arm of the prospective NORAPP study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04146142) and included all patients referred for prostate biopsy from November 2019 to February 2021. Transperineal magnetic resonance imaging-transrectal ultrasonography fusion TPBx were taken using 40 mL 1% lidocaine with 4 mL of 8...

Background and Objectives : Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei , and it has a wide range of clinical symptoms. It is endemic in tropical areas, including Southeast Asia. Despite the availability of effective treatment, the mortality rate is still high, especially in patients presenting with septic shock. The aim of this study was to determine and explore clinical characteristics, microbiology, treatment outcomes, and factors associated with in-hospital mortality which could predict prognosis and provide a guide for future treatment...

Slc4a genes encode various types of transporters, including Na+ -HCO3 - cotransporters, Cl- /HCO3 - exchangers, or Na+ -driven Cl- /HCO3 - exchangers. Previous research has revealed that Slc4a9 (Ae4) functions as a Cl- /HCO3 - exchanger, which can be driven by either Na+ or K+ , prompting investigation into whether other Slc4a members facilitate cation-dependent anion transport. In the present study, we show that either Na+ or K+ drive Cl- /HCO3 - exchanger activity in cells overexpressing Slc4a8 or Slc4a10...

Solute carrier family 26 member 4 (SLC26A4) is a member of the SLC26A transporter family and is expressed in various tissues, including the airway epithelium, kidney, thyroid, and tumors. It transports various ions, including bicarbonate, chloride, iodine, and oxalate. As a multiple-ion transporter, SLC26A4 is involved in the maintenance of hearing function, renal function, blood pressure, and hormone and pH regulation. In this review, we have summarized the various functions of SLC26A4 in multiple tissues and organs...

Electrosynthesis of H2 O2 via both pathways of anodic two-electron water oxidation reaction (2e-WOR) and cathodic two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e-ORR) in a diaphragm-free bath can not only improve the generation rate and Faraday efficiency (FE), but also simplify the structure of the electrolysis bath and reduce the energy consumption. The factors that may affect the efficiency of H2 O2 generation in coupled electrolytic systems have been systematically investigated. A piece of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode was used as the anode, and in this study, its catalytic performance for 2e-WOR in Na2 CO3 /NaHCO3 and NaOH solutions was compared...

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a negative regulator of the phosphoinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway. Notably, its active site contains a cysteine residue that is susceptible to oxidation by hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). This oxidation inhibits the phosphatase function of PTEN, critically contributing to the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Upon the stimulation of cell surface receptors, the activity of NADPH oxidase (NOX) generates a transient amount of H2 O2 , serving as a mediator in this pathway by oxidizing PTEN...