Diagnosing

BACKGROUND: Individuals diagnosed with cancer via emergency admission are likely to have poor outcomes. This study aims to identify cancer diagnosed through an emergency hospital admission and examine predictors associated with mortality within 12-months. METHOD: A population-based retrospective 1:1 propensity-matched case-comparison study of people who had an emergency versus a planned hospital admission with a principal diagnosis of cancer during 2013-2020 in New South Wales, Australia using linked hospital, cancer registry and mortality records...

Biopsy data on externally palpable masses in pet rats (Rattus norvegicus) were retrieved from the archives of a large commercial pathology laboratory between November 2013 and July 2021. A total of 330 samples were submitted from 292 individual animals. Of the 330 samples submitted, 182 (55.2%) were of mammary gland origin and the majority were benign neoplasms, with fibroadenoma most frequent. Of the remaining 148 samples, 101 were neoplastic in nature, with 76 tumours classified as mesenchymal, 23 as epithelial and two classified only as malignant neoplasia not otherwise specified...

Despite significant improvement in the outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) with novel therapies, there is still an underserved high-risk (HR) population that experiences early disease progression and death. With the median survival crossing 10 years, we defined ultrahigh-risk (uHR)MM as MM leading to death within 24-36 months of diagnosis and HRMM as MM leading to death within 36-60 months. Several features have emerged as markers of uHRMM: the co-occurrence of two or more high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities, extramedullary disease, plasma cell leukemia and a high-risk gene expression profiling signature...

BACKGROUND: Certain populations have been historically underrepresented in clinical trials. Broadening eligibility criteria is one approach to inclusive clinical research and achieving enrollment goals. How broadened trial eligibility criteria affect the diversity of eligible participants is unknown. METHODS: Using a nationwide electronic health record-derived deidentified database, we identified a retrospective cohort of patients diagnosed with 22 cancer types between April 1, 2013 and December 31, 2022 who received systemic therapy (N=235,234) for cancer...

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the prevalence and correlates of fibromyalgia and insomnia in a sample of Women with Multiple Sclerosis (WMS). METHODS: The study was cross-sectional in design and recruited a sample of 163 women with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS). Fibromyalgia was assessed using the Patient Self-Report Survey (PSRS), following criteria outlined by the American College of Rheumatology. Insomnia was measured using the Arabic version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI-A)...

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a severe and fatal form of leukemia that is prevalent in the older population. In this longitudinal retrospective study, we investigated the epidemiology and survival rates of patients diagnosed with de novo acute myeloid leukemia in South Korea from Jan 1, 2011, to Aug 31, 2020. We used real-world data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. We observed an increase in the number of acute myeloid leukemia cases, with age-specific incidence rates escalating in older patients...

In a One Health perspective general wildlife health surveillance (GWHS) gains importance worldwide, as pathogen transmission among wildlife, domestic animals and humans raises health, conservation and economic concerns. However, GWHS programs operate in the face of legal, geographical, financial, or administrative challenges. The present study uses a multi-tiered approach to understand the current characteristics, strengths and gaps of a European GWHS that operates in a fragmented legislative and multi-stakeholder environment...

BACKGROUND: The 2023 Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) divides AUS diagnoses into two major subcategories: atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) nuclear atypia (AUS-N) and other (AUS-O). This study aims to compare the histological outcome and malignant rate of pediatric AUS thyroid nodules classified into AUS-N and AUS-O subcategories. DESIGN: A search of our institutional electronic pathology database for the period from January 2012 to July 2023 was conducted to identify pediatric (<21 years old) thyroid nodules that were interpreted as AUS and subsequently had surgery...

OBJECTIVES: The main purpose of this research study was to compare mean modified straight-leg raise test (mSLR) and hamstring muscle length (HL) between chronic non-specific low back pain (LBP) and healthy subjects to understand the possibility of neuropathic causes in LBP population as it may impact the diagnosis and treatment of LBP. Another purpose was to compare mean mSLR between those with lumbar nerve root impingement and those without as determine by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)...

BACKGROUND: In Ghana, breast cancer remains the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer deaths among women. The cost of treating cancer is huge and poses a great challenge for patients, their families, and health care systems. While comprehensive studies have been conducted on the economic burden of cancers in developed economies such as the EU and the US, there are limited studies in Africa, and Ghana, in particular. This study quantitatively assessed Ghana's direct and indirect costs of breast cancer treatment...

The progressive incorporation of quality of life indicators in health planning meets a critical need: The evaluation of the performance of health services, which are under stress by multiple causes, but in particular by an ageing population. In general, national health plans rely on health expectancies obtained using the Sullivan method. The Sullivan health expectancy index combines age-specific mortality rates and age-specific prevalence of healthy life, obtained from health surveys. The objective of this work is to investigate an equivalent estimation, using available information from morbidity and mortality datasets...

A high prevalence of mpox in men who have sex with men and in people with HIV, plus visually striking and contagious lesions, have raised concerns for mpox stigma. 24 PCR-confirmed mpox patients were surveyed over the course of three months, utilizing an mpox stigma scale adapted from the HIV Stigma Scale plus assessment of pain, analgesic efficacy, and healthcare experiences. Participants were cis-male (100%), with male sexual partners (96%), mostly African-American (88%), and living with HIV (79%). Patients answered 4-16 of 24 (mean 10) stigma questions affirmatively, particularly related to negative effects of mpox on the LGBTQ community...

BACKGROUND: There is limited access to diabetes care services at primary care facilities in Malawi. Assessing the capacity of facilities to provide diabetes care is an initial step to integrating services at primary care. AIM: To assess the preparedness for delivering diabetes services at primary care level within the Blantyre District Health Office (DHO) to support the response to NCD epidemic in Malawi. SETTING: Blantyre DHO primary care facilities...

BACKGROUND: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a biochemical thyroid disorder characterised by elevated levels of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) together with normal levels of thyroid hormones. Evidence on the benefits of treatment is limited, resulting in persistent controversies relating to its clinical management. AIM: This study describes the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients identified as having subclinical hypothyroidism in Wales between 2000 and 2021, the annual cumulative incidence during this period and the testing and treatment patterns associated with this disorder...

BACKGROUND: Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) remains a major cause of death among people living with HIV in rural sub-Saharan Africa. We previously reported that a CM diagnosis and treatment program (CM-DTP) improved hospital survival for CM patients in rural, northern Uganda. This study aimed to evaluate the impact on long-term survival. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study at Lira Regional Referral Hospital in Uganda evaluating long-term survival (≥1 year) of CM patients diagnosed after CM-DTP initiation (February 2017-September 2021)...

BACKGROUND: Late HIV diagnosis is associated with a wide range of negative outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of individuals who received a concurrent diagnosis (CDX) in New York State (NYS) so that more effective interventions can be developed to encourage earlier testing among these populations. METHODS: The NYS HIV registry was used to identify people who received a CDX from 2016 to 2021. A CDX was a diagnosis that met the criteria for a stage 3 HIV infection within 30 days of the initial HIV diagnosis...

Currently, numerous studies focus on employing fMRI-based deep neural networks to diagnose neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), yet only a handful have provided results regarding explainability. We address this gap by applying several prevalent explainability methods such as gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) to an fMRI-based 3D-VGG16 network for AD diagnosis to improve the model's explainability. The aim is to explore the specific Region of Interest (ROI) of brain the model primarily focuses on when making predictions, as well as whether there are differences in these ROIs between AD and normal controls (NCs)...

BACKGROUND: A previous Danish study of monthly and tri-monthly rates of first-time psychiatric contact following first induced abortions reported higher rates compared to first live births but similar rates compared to nine months pre-abortion. Therefore, the researchers concluded abortion has no independent effect on mental health; any differences between psychiatric contacts after abortion and delivery are entirely attributable to pre-existing mental health differences. However, these conclusions are inconsistent with similar studies that used longer time frames...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.