Resistance exercise

Heart failure (HF) can cause metabolic imbalances, leading to anabolic resistance and increased energy expenditure, which often results in weight loss and cachexia. Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CR), including exercise, nutritional support, and risk management, is crucial for enhancing the health and quality of life of patients with HF and is expected to play a central role in the prevention and treatment of HF-associated cachexia. However, the prevalence of cachexia in patients with HF undergoing comprehensive outpatient CR is currently unknown, and the detailed characteristics including of motor function of such patients remain undefined...

Valvular heart disease, including calcific or degenerative aortic stenosis (AS), is increasingly prevalent among the older adult population. Over the last few decades, treatment of severe AS has been revolutionised following the development of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Despite improvements in outcomes, older adults with competing comorbidities and geriatric syndromes have suboptimal quality of life outcomes, highlighting the cumulative vulnerability that persists despite valve replacement...

Children and neonates are highly vulnerable to the impact of antimicrobial resistance. Substantial barriers are faced in relation to research and development of antibacterial agents for use in neonates, children, and adolescents aged yonger than 19 years, and focusing finite resources on the most appropriate agents for development and paediatric optimisation is urgently needed. In November and December, 2022, following the successes of previous similar disease-focused exercises, WHO convened the first Paediatric Drug Optimisation (PADO) exercise for antibiotics, aiming to provide a shortlist of antibiotics to be prioritised for paediatric research and development, especially for use in regions with the highest burden of disease attributable to serious bacterial infection...

Despite some reported benefits, there is a low quality of evidence for resistance training (RT) improving metabolic health of individuals with overweight or obesity. We evaluated the impact of RT on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical performance, lipid-lipoprotein profile, inflammation, and glucose-insulin homeostasis in 51 postmenopausal women vs. 29 controls matched for age, obesity, and physical activity. Exercised women were further subdivided for comparison of RT effects into those presenting metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and those with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO) classified according to Karelis and Rabasa-Lhoret or an approach based on adipose tissue secretory dysfunction using the plasma adiponectin(A)/leptin (L) ratio...

The developmental origins of health and disease concept highlights the impact of early environments on chronic non-communicable diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Studies using animal models have investigated how maternal factors such as undernutrition, overnutrition, obesity, and exposure to chemicals or hypoxia affect fetal development and offspring health, leading to issues like low birth weight, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Given the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among reproductive-age women, effective interventions are critical...

BACKGROUND: The role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) parameters in evaluating the functional severity of coronary disease remains unclear. The aim of this study was to quantify the O2 -pulse morphology and investigate its relevance in predicting the functional severity of coronary stenosis, using Murray law-based quantitative flow ratio (μQFR) as the reference. METHODS: CPET and μQFR were analyzed in 138 patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD)...

Exercise-induced muscle adaptations vary based on exercise modality and intensity. We constructed a signalling network model from 87 published studies of human or rodent skeletal muscle cell responses to endurance or resistance exercise in vivo or simulated exercise in vitro. The network comprises 259 signalling interactions between 120 nodes, representing eight membrane receptors and eight canonical signalling pathways regulating 14 transcriptional regulators, 28 target genes and 12 exercise-induced phenotypes...

The nose of the mammals is responsible for filtering, humidifying, and heating the air before entering the lower respiratory tract. This conditioning avoids, notably, dehydration of the bronchial and alveolar mucosa. However, since this conditioning is not perfect, exercising in cold air can induce lung inflammation, both for human and non-human mammals. This work aims to compare the air conditioning in the noses of various mammals during inspiration. We build our study on computational fluid dynamics simulations of the heat exchanges in the lumen of the upper respiratory tract of these mammals...

INTRODUCTION: With increasing life expectancy of older adult population, maintaining independence and well-being in later years is of paramount importance. This study aims to investigate the impact of three distinct interventions: cognitive training, resistance training and a combination of both, compared with an inactive control group, on cognitive performance, mobility and quality of life in adults aged ≥65 years. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This trial will investigate healthy older adults aged ≥65 years living independently without cognitive impairments...

Obesity and its related metabolic diseases bring great challenges to public health. In-depth understanding on the efficacy of weight-loss interventions is critical for long-term weight control. Our study demonstrated the comparable efficacy of exercise (EX), intermittent fasting (IF), or the change of daily diet from an unhealthy to a normal chow (DR) for weight reduction, but largely divergently affected metabolic status and transcriptome of subcutaneous fat, scapular brown fat, skeletal muscles and liver in high-fat-high-fructose diet (HFHF) induced obese mice...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and insufficient insulin secretion. Sarcopenia, as a new complication of diabetes, is characterized by the loss of muscle mass and the progressive decline of muscle strength and function in T2DM patients, which has a serious impact on the physical and mental health of patients. Insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and chronic inflammation are common mechanisms of diabetes and sarcopenia...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of resistance training (RT) combined with aerobic training (AT) and Tirzepatide supplementation on lipid profiles, insulin resistance, anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness in prediabetic obese soldiers. METHODS: 61 obese men were randomly divided into six groups: Placebo; Tirzepatide 5 mg (T5); Tirzepatide 2.5 mg (T2.5); Hypertrophy, Strength, Power-Circuit Training+Placebo (Ex+P); Hypertrophy, Strength, Power-Circuit Training+Tirzepatide 5 mg (Ex+T5); Hypertrophy, Strength, Power-Circuit Training+Tirzepatide 2...

BACKGROUND: Fundamental physical functions such as postural control and balance are vital in preserving everyday life, affecting an individual's quality of life. Dance is a physical activity that offers health advantages across various life stages. Nevertheless, the effects of dance interventions on physical function, postural control, and quality of life among older adults have remained underexplored. The review aimed to examine the strength of evidence for dance interventions on physical function and quality of life among middle-aged and older adults...

Background Lateral epicondylitis (LE), sometimes referred to as tennis elbow or lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET), is one of the most common repetitive stress disorders in the elbow joint. Often, this involves the attachment of the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle. This study's primary focus is on treating people with LE, a condition that causes repetitive movements of the upper extremities. There is currently no research on how PowerBall gadget workouts affect the function and pain of individuals with lateral epicondylitis...

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine the effects of a 5:2 regimens diet (2 days per week of energy restriction by formula diet) or an exercise (2 days per week of high-intensity interval training and resistance training) intervention compared with routine lifestyle education (control) on glycemic control and cardiometabolic health among adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This two-center, open-label, three-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial recruited 326 participants with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes and randomized them into 12 weeks of diet intervention (n = 109), exercise intervention (n = 108), or lifestyle education (control) (n = 109)...

BACKGROUND: Muscle mass is important for metastatic prostate cancer survival and quality of life (QoL). The backbone of treatment for men with metastatic castration sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with an androgen signaling inhibitor. ADT is an effective cancer treatment, but it facilitates significant declines in muscle mass and adverse health outcomes important to mCSPC survivors, such as fatigue, and reductions in physical function, independence, insulin sensitivity, and QoL...

BACKGROUND: Increases in maximal strength and muscle volume represent central aims of training interventions. Recent research suggested that the chronic application of stretch may be effective in inducing hypertrophy. The present systematic review therefore aimed to syntheisize the evidence on changes of strength and muscle volume following chronic static stretching. METHODS: Three data bases were sceened to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis. Studies using randomized, controlled trials with longitudinal (≥ 2 weeks) design, investigating strength and muscle volume following static stretching in humans, were included...

BACKGROUND: Impaired quality of life (QoL) is prevalent among patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) despite improved survival due to medical advances. We clarified the physical QoL of patients with CTEPH with mildly elevated pulmonary hemodynamics and evaluated its determinants using a database of patients with CTEPH evaluated for hemodynamics during exercise. METHODS: The QoL was measured in 144 patients with CTEPH (age, 66 (58-73) years; men/women, 48/96) with mildly elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure (< 30 mmHg) at rest after treatment with balloon pulmonary angioplasty and/or pulmonary endarterectomy using the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire...

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a significant feature of type 2 diabetes. MOTS-C, a peptide derived from mitochondria, has positive effects on metabolism and exercise capacity. This study explored the impact of high and moderate-intensity interval exercises on mitochondrial MOTS-C alterations and their correlation with metabolic markers in male diabetic sand rats. Thirty male sand rats were divided into six groups: control, MIIT, DM + HIIT, DM + MIIT, DM, and HIIT (5 rats each). Diabetes was induced using a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ)...

PURPOSE: The purpose was to examine the effects of 8-weeks (3 days/week) of linear periodization resistance exercise training (RET) on neuromuscular function in prepubescent youth. METHODS: Twenty-five healthy prepubescent youth (11 males, 14 females, age = 9.1 ± 0.8 years) completed the RET (n = 17) or served as controls (CON, n = 8). Isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) and trapezoidal submaximal contractions at 35 and 60% MVC of the right leg extensors were performed with surface electromyography (EMG) recorded from the leg extensors [vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris, and vastus medialis] and flexors (biceps femoris and semitendinosus)...