mcao

BACKGROUND: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury often leads to neuronal death through persistent neuroinflammatory responses. Recent research has unveiled a unique inflammatory programmed cell death mode known as PANoptosis. However, direct evidence for PANoptosis in ischemic stroke-induced neuronal death has not been established. Although it is widely thought that modulating the balance of microglial phenotypic polarization in cerebral I/R could mitigate neuroinflammation-mediated neuronal death, it remains unknown whether microglial polarization influences PANoptotic neuronal death triggered by cerebral I/R...

BACKGROUND: Electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to facilitate brain plasticity-related functional recovery following ischemic stroke. The functional magnetic resonance imaging technique can be used to determine the range and mode of brain activation. After stroke, EA has been shown to alter brain connectivity, whereas EA's effect on brain network topology properties remains unclear. An evaluation of EA's effects on global and nodal topological properties in rats with ischemia reperfusion was conducted in this study...

BACKGROUND: Inflammation and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death worsen outcomes after revascularization in ischemic stroke. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) activated dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) in a NLRPyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-dependent fashion and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-1α play key roles in the process. This study determined how phenothiazine drugs (chlorpromazine and promethazine (C + P)) with the hypothermic and normothermic modality impacts the RIPK1/RIPK3-DRP1 and HIF-1α pathways in providing neuroprotection...

BACKGROUND: Acute cerebral infarction (ACI) is a common neurological disease that is associated with high morbidity, disability and mortality rates. At present, antiplatelet therapy is a necessary treatment for ACI. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of omentin-1 on the intravenous thrombolysis of ACI. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of omentin-1 on the intravenous thrombolysis of ACI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The mouse model of ACI was induced using male C57BL/6 mice through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Ischemic stroke disrupts functional connectivity within the brain's resting-state networks (RSNs), impacting recovery. This study evaluates the effects of NEH (Norepinephrine and Hydralazine), a cerebral perfusion augmentation therapy, on RSN integrity in a hyper-acute canine stroke model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen adult purpose-bred mongrel canines, divided into treatment and control (natural history) groups, underwent endovascular induction of acute middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)...

Dexmedetomidine displays multiple mechanisms of neuroprotection in ameliorating ischemic brain injury. In this study, we explored the beneficial effects of dexmedetomidine on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and neuroinflammation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1.5 h and reperfusion for 24 h to establish a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Dexmedetomidine (9 􀁐g/kg) was administered to rats 30 min after MCAO through intravenous injection, and SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor, 200 􀁐g/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before MCAO...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a prominent cause of disability and mortality around the world. Achyranthes bidentata Blume, a regularly prescribed traditional Chinese herb, plays a significant role in traditional Chinese stroke therapy due to its ability to promote blood circulation and remove stasis. Ecdysterone (EDS) is one of the key active components in Achyranthes bidentata Blume, which exhibits antioxidant and anti-cerebral hypoxia properties. However, whether EDS improves AIS and the mechanism of action of AIS is still unclear...

Pyroptosis signifies a significant form of programmed neuronal demise subsequent to ischemic stroke. In our prior investigations, we demonstrated that the Elabela (ELA)-Apelin receptor (APJ) axis alleviated neuronal death by improving collateral circulation and mitigating ferroptosis in a murine model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). However, the connection between ELA and neuronal pyroptosis remains further elucidation. Here, we observed an upregulation of ELA and APJ expression in both murine brain specimens and cultured HT-22 hippocampal neurons exposed to experimental ischemic stroke...

Excessive inflammatory response following ischemic stroke (IS) injury is a key factor affecting the functional recovery of patients. The efferocytic clearance of apoptotic cells within ischemic brain tissue is a critical mechanism for mitigating inflammation, presenting a promising avenue for the treatment of ischemic stroke. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying efferocytosis in the brain after IS and its impact on brain injury and recovery are poorly understood. This study explored the roles of inflammation and efferocytosis in IS with bioinformatics...

Circadian rhythms are endogenous biological cycles that regulate physiology and behavior and are set to precisely 24-h by light exposure. Light at night (LAN) dysregulates physiology and function including immune response; a critical component that contributes to stroke pathophysiological progression of neuronal injury and may impair recovery from injury. The goal of this study is to explore the effects of dim LAN (dLAN) in a murine model of ischemic stroke to assess how nighttime lighting from hospital settings can affect stroke outcome...

BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is an effective method for promoting neurological function recovery after cerebral ischemia (CI). Buyang Huanwu decoction (BHD) is a traditional Chinese medicinal recipe that is frequently employed for CI treatment. Previous investigations have validated that it promotes angiogenesis following CI. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism by which it does this has yet to be completely understood. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the underlying mechanism through which BHD facilitates angiogenesis following CI by regulating the exosomal MALAT1/YAP1/HIF-1α signaling axis, specifically via the involvement of caveolin-1 (Cav1), an endocytosis-associated protein...

BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke, the most common type of cerebrovascular accident, is a major cause of severe disability among adults worldwide. Although there has been progress in interventions for ischemic stroke in the past decades, there is no effective treatment to prevent brain damage in acute ischemic stroke. Therefore, it is urgent to develop novel neuroprotective agents with a wide therapeutic time window to provide a better prognosis for ischemic stroke patients. OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to synthesize novel derivatives with substituent cinnamide scaffolds, evaluate biological activity, and obtain neuroprotective agents...

The recent advances in research on the use of the antioxidant and neuroprotective agent α-phenyl- N-tert -butylnitrone (PBN) for the therapy of stroke have been reviewed. The protective effect of PBN in the transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) has been demonstrated, although there have been significant differences in the neuronal salvaging effect between PBN-treated and untreated animals, each set of data having quite large inter-experimental variation. In the transient forebrain ischemia model of gerbil, PBN reduces the mortality after ischemia and the neuronal damage in the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) area of the hippocumpus caused by ischemia...

PURPOSE: Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a common complication of ischemic stroke episodes. Memory impairment is an important component of the poststroke cognitive syndrome. Microglial activation plays a critical role in stroke-induced neuroinflammation. Previous studies have reported that electroacupuncture (EA) provides neuroprotective effects by reducing the expression levels of the Purinergic receptor P2X ligand-gated ion channel 7 (P2X7R) and inhibiting neuroinflammation in rat model of ischemic stroke...

Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to brain injury and neurological dysfunction in ischemic stroke. Adenylate kinase 4 (AK4) plays a critical role in energy metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated an important role of AK4 in mitochondrial dysfunction in the early cerebral ischemia. Early focal cerebral ischemia induced decrease of AK4 protein expression in ischemic hemispheric brain tissue in mice. Exposure of cultured primary neuron to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) also induced AK4 downregulation...

BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Inflammatory response is crucial in the pathogenesis of tissue injury in cerebral infarction. Arctium lappa leaves are traditionally used to treat IS. PURPOSES: To investigate the neuroprotective effects and molecular mechanisms of the ethanolic extract of A. lappa leaves (ALLEE) on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR). METHODS: Middle cerebral artery obstruction reperfusion (MCAO/R) rats and an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) cell model were used to evaluate ALLEE pharmacodynamics...

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is one of the most difficult challenges in cerebrovascular disease research. It is primarily caused by excessive autophagy induced by oxidative stress. Previously, a novel compound X5 was found, and the excellent antioxidant activity of it was verified in this study. Moreover, network pharmacological analysis suggested that compound X5 was closely associated with autophagy and the mTOR pathway. In vitro , X5 could significantly inhibit the expression of autophagy proteins Beclin-1 and LC3-β, which are induced by H2 O2 , and promote the expression of SIRT1...

Rhubarb (RR), Chinese name Dahuang, is commonly used in the treatment of ischemic stroke (IS). However, its potential mechanism is not fully elucidated. This study intended to verify the effect of RR on IS and investigate the possible mechanism of RR in preventing IS. IS in male rats was induced by embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery, and drug administration was applied half an hour before surgery. RR dramatically decreased the neurological deficit scores, the cerebral infarct volume, and the cerebral edema rate, and improved the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and histopathological changes in the brain of MCAO rats...

Elevated substance P can be utilized to predict early mortality during the first week of cerebral infarction. Whether Aprepitant, a substance P receptor blocker, could be utilized to alleviate post-stroke pneumonia is investigated in this study. Intraluminal monofilament model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was constructed in C57BL/6J male mice, and the relative expression of substance P was detected in collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue homogenate at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h post-stroke...

Stroke is an important medical problem in developing countries, characterized by a sudden disruption of blood supply to the brain, either through occlusion or hemorrhage. It is a major cause of neurological impairment, resulting in high medical costs. The present study examined the effect of 6-gingerol on morphological changes, antioxidant defenses, and the anti-apoptotic factors p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and mitofusin (Mfn)2, in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. A total of 60 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into six groups: Control, right middle cerebral artery occlusion (Rt...