Boolean

This scoping review addresses the potential maternal health outcomes of abortion restrictions in the U.S. by studying and analyzing the reported effects of abortion bans or limitations globally. The goal was to examine the medical implications for pregnant women who are unable to abort fetuses that have severe medical anomalies due to imposed restrictions. EMBASE, Medline, and CINAHL databases were searched for studies published in English concerning the medical implications of abortion restrictions in any country prior to the overturn of Roe v...

Mental health is an essential component of the health and well-being of a person and community, and it is critical for the individual, society, and socio-economic development of any country. Mental healthcare is currently in the health sector transformation era, with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) reshaping the screening, diagnosis, and treatment modalities of psychiatric illnesses. The present narrative review is aimed at discussing the current landscape and the role of AI in mental healthcare, including screening, diagnosis, and treatment...

BACKGROUND: High rates of youth re-offending indicate that young custody-leavers face challenges when reintegrating into their communities. Aftercare and resettlement programs can occur pre-, during, and post-release and generally provide multiple forms of support services to address youths' transitional needs. OBJECTIVES: The present review examines (1) the impact of youth aftercare/resettlement programs on crime-related outcomes, (2) how treatment effect is moderated by participant, program, and study characteristics, (3) whether some types of interventions are more effective than others, (4) barriers/facilitators to effective program implementation, (5) the theory of change underlying resettlement interventions, and (6) available research on intervention cost...

With a significant portion of the population adopting veganism and conflicting views among nutrition professionals regarding the necessity of vitamin B12 supplementation, this review aims to explore existing studies evaluating interventions through food supplementation. It focuses on the impact of vitamin B12 deficiency across different demographics. The present study seeks to understand how research has addressed the relationship between the rise in veganism and vitamin B12 deficiency over the past decade...

BACKGROUND: Computational models in systems biology are becoming more important with the advancement of experimental techniques to query the mechanistic details responsible for leading to phenotypes of interest. In particular, Boolean models are well fit to describe the complexity of signaling networks while being simple enough to scale to a very large number of components. With the advance of Boolean model inference techniques, the field is transforming from an artisanal way of building models of moderate size to a more automatized one, leading to very large models...

INTRODUCTION: Preserving function and independence to perform activities of daily living (ADL) is critical for patients and carers to manage burden of care and improve quality of life. In children living with rare diseases, video recording ADLs offer the opportunity to collect the patients' experience in a real-life setting and accurately reflect treatment effectiveness on outcomes that matter to patients and families. AREAS COVERED: We reviewed the measurement of ADL in pediatric rare diseases and the use of video to develop at home electronic clinical outcome assessments (eCOA) by leveraging smartphone apps and artificial intelligence-based analysis...

In this article, we consider designs of simple analog artificial neural networks based on adiabatic Josephson cells with a sigmoid activation function. A new approach based on the gradient descent method is developed to adjust the circuit parameters, allowing efficient signal transmission between the network layers. The proposed solution is demonstrated on the example of a system that implements XOR and OR logical operations.

BACKGROUND: Individuals with metabolic syndrome exhibit simultaneously pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory conditions which more probably can lead to cardiovascular diseases progression, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and some types of cancer. The present scoping review is aimed at highlighting the association between cancer risk, inflammation, and metabolic syndrome. METHODS: A search strategy was performed, mixing keywords and MeSH terms, such as "Cancer Risk", "Inflammation", "Metabolic Syndrome", "Oncogenesis", and "Oxidative Stress", and matching them through Boolean operators...

Engineered living materials combine the advantages of biological and synthetic systems by leveraging genetic and metabolic programming to control material-wide properties. Here, we demonstrate that extracellular electron transfer (EET), a microbial respiration process, can serve as a tunable bridge between live cell metabolism and synthetic material properties. In this system, EET flux from Shewanella oneidensis to a copper catalyst controls hydrogel cross-linking via two distinct chemistries to form living synthetic polymer networks...

A variant of tissue-like P systems is known as monodirectional tissue P systems, where objects only have one direction to move between two regions. In this article, a special kind of objects named proteins are added to monodirectional tissue P systems, which can control objects moving between regions, and such computational models are named as monodirectional tissue P systems with proteins on cells (PMT P systems). We discuss the computational properties of PMT P systems. In more detail, PMT P systems employing two cells, one protein controlling a rule, and at most one object used in each symport rule are capable of achievement of Turing universality...

BACKGROUND: Instruments to measure substance use stigma are emerging, however little is known regarding their psychometric properties. While research has evolved to view substance use stigma as a context sensitive international phenomenon that is embedded within cultures, validated self-report measures are lacking and comprehensive reviews of the existing measures are extremely limited. In this systematic review of substance use stigma and shame measures, we aim to contextualize results from existing research, lay the groundwork for future measurement development research, and provide a thorough resource for research scientists currently designing studies to measure substance use stigma...

Introduction The over-the-counter (OTC) market for hair loss products, particularly those containing minoxidil, has significantly expanded due to the increased prevalence of hair loss. Minoxidil, a vasodilator medication, is known for its potential to stimulate hair growth. However, the rise in OTC formulations has led to misleading advertising and marketing, with some companies exaggerating the benefits of their products while minimizing potential adverse effects. Methods A Google Boolean Search was conducted to identify OTC minoxidil products...

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The dairy industry has been expanding significantly recently, which has prompted the improvement and adoption of increasingly digital dairy recording tools with cutting-edge technology. The study aimed to identify smallholder dairy farmers' recording tools in developing countries. The study presents the results of an extensive literature review conducted using electronic journal databases. The review involved applying a combination of search terms and Boolean operators. The search found a total of 412 research publications...

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) remains a particularly difficult cancer to treat, and survival outcomes remain poor. In addition to the lack of dedicated drug discovery programs for GBM, extensive intratumor heterogeneity and epigenetic plasticity related to cell-state transitions are major roadblocks to successful drug therapy in GBM. To study these phenomenon, publicly available snRNAseq and bulk RNAseq data from patient samples were used to categorize cells from patients into four cell states (i.e. phenotypes), namely: (i) neural progenitor-like (NPC-like), (ii) oligodendrocyte progenitor-like (OPC-like), (iii) astrocyte-like (AC-like), and (iv) mesenchymal-like (MES-like)...

Breast cancer is one of the prevailing cancers globally, with a high mortality rate. Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is an advanced stage of cancer, characterised by a highly nonlinear, heterogeneous process involving numerous singling pathways and regulatory interactions. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) emerges as a key mechanism exploited by cancer cells. Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ)-dependent signalling is attributed to promote EMT in advanced stages of breast cancer. A comprehensive regulatory map of TGFβ induced EMT was developed through an extensive literature survey...

A digital workflow for the rapid design and fabrication of interim fixed prostheses using an open-access software program and 3-dimensional printing technology is described. After obtaining intraoral scanning data, the prostheses are designed by offset, margin sculpting, and a Boolean operation. Then, the prostheses are finalized and manufactured additively. The use of the open-access software program and simplified design steps enhances the manufacturing efficiency and accessibility of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing of interim restorations...

The complexity, scale, and uncertainty in regulatory networks (e.g., gene regulatory networks and microbial networks) regularly pose a huge uncertainty in their models. These uncertainties often cannot be entirely reduced using limited and costly data acquired from the normal condition of systems. Meanwhile, regulatory networks often suffer from the non-identifiability issue, which refers to scenarios where the true underlying network model cannot be clearly distinguished from other possible models. Perturbation or excitation is a well-known process in systems biology for acquiring targeted data to reveal the complex underlying mechanisms of regulatory networks and overcome the non-identifiability issue...

BACKGROUND: The use of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) is based on the results of robust clinical trials. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and safety of BIC/FTC/TAF in treatment-naïve (TN) and treatment-experienced (TE) people with HIV using available real-world cohort studies. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis of publications and communications identified via Boolean search in Medline, PubMed and Embase, and conference abstracts reporting retrospective real-world use of BIC/FTC/TAF, published until 31 January 2024...

BACKGROUND: Developments in vision-based systems and human pose estimation algorithms have the potential to detect, monitor and intervene early on neurodegenerative diseases through gait analysis. However, the gap between the technology available and actual clinical practice is evident as most clinicians still rely on subjective observational gait analysis or objective marker-based analysis that is time-consuming. RESEARCH QUESTION: This paper aims to examine the main developments of vision-based motion capture and how such advances may be integrated into clinical practice...