Gut brain axis

BACKGROUND: The vermiform appendix is considered a potential reservoir for the abnormal α-synuclein aggregate in Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous epidemiologic evidence on the association between appendectomy and PD risk remains inconclusive, especially outside the Western world. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between appendectomy and PD risk in Korea. METHODS: Among 703,831 eligible adult subjects in the National Health Insurance Service sample cohort, we identified 16,122 patients who underwent appendectomy...

Empathetic relationships and the social transference of behaviours have been shown to occur in humans, and more recently through the development of rodent models, where both fear and pain phenotypes develop in observer animals. Clinically, observing traumatic events can induce 'trauma and stressor-related disorders' as defined in the DSM 5. These disorders are often comorbid with pain and gastrointestinal disturbances; however, our understanding of how gastrointestinal - or visceral - pain can be vicariously transmitted is lacking...

BACKGROUND: Shift work can disrupt sleep quality and gut health. Nurses and midwives constitute approximately half of the global healthcare shift-working workforce. Our previous study revealed that most midwives were experiencing suboptimal health conditions, characterized by poor sleep quality and a high prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases. The gut-brain axis theory highlights the potential interplay between sleep quality and gut health. However, limited research focuses on this relationship among midwives...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease which is often associated with gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. The GI tract is home to a wide range of microorganisms, among which bacteria, that can influence the host through various mechanisms. Products produced by these bacteria can act in the gut but can also exert effects in the brain via what is now well established to be the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In those with PD the gut-bacteria composition is often found to be different to that of non-PD individuals...

Prevalent neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke are increasingly becoming a global burden as society ages. It is well-known that degeneration and loss of neurons are the fundamental underlying processes, but there are still no effective therapies for these neurological diseases. In recent years, plenty of studies have focused on the pharmacology and feasibility of natural products as new strategies for the development of drugs that target neurological disorders...

OBJECTIVE: Dasatinib and quercetin (D & Q) have demonstrated promise in improving aged-related pathophysiological dysfunctions in humans and mice. Herein we aimed to ascertain whether the heat stress (HS)-induced cognitive deficits in aged or even young adult male mice can be reduced by D & Q therapy. METHODS: Before the onset of HS, animals were pre-treated with D & Q or placebo for 3 consecutive days every 2 weeks over a 10-week period. Cognitive function, intestinal barrier permeability, and blood-brain barrier permeability were assessed...

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested in several observational studies that migraines are associated with the gut microbiota. It remains unclear, however, how the gut microbiota and migraines are causally related. METHODS: We performed a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for the gut microbiota were obtained from the MiBioGen consortium ( n  = 18,340) and the Dutch Microbiota Project ( n  = 7,738)...

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) in children is exclusively based on clinical criteria called the Rome criteria. The inter-rater reliability (IRR) measures how well two raters agree with a diagnosis using the same diagnostic tool. Previous versions of the Rome criteria showed only fair to moderate IRR. There have been no studies assessing the IRR of the current edition of the pediatric Rome criteria (Rome IV). This study sought to investigate the IRR of the pediatric Rome IV criteria and compare its reliability with the previous versions of the Rome criteria...

The human gut microbiota is a complex community of micro-organisms that play a crucial role in maintaining overall health. Recent research has shown that gut microbes also have a profound impact on brain function and cognition, leading to the concept of the gut-brain axis. One way in which the gut microbiota can influence the brain is through the bioconversion of polyphenols to other bioactive molecules. Phenolic compounds are a group of natural plant metabolites widely available in the human diet, which have anti-inflammatory and other positive effects on health...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Dysregulation of the gut microbiome has been implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effects and safety of a single faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in patients with early-stage PD. METHODS: The GUT-PARFECT trial, a single-centre randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at Ghent University Hospital between December 01, 2020 and December 12, 2022. Participants (aged 50-65 years, Hoehn and Yahr stage 2) were randomly assigned to receive nasojejunal FMT with either healthy donor stool or their own stool...

Lead (Pb) is one of the most common heavy metal pollutants that possesses multi-organ toxicity. For decades, great efforts have been devoted to investigate the damage of Pb to kidney, liver, bone, blood cells and the central nervous system (CNS). For the common, dietary exposure is the main avenue of Pb, but our knowledge of Pb toxicity in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) remains quite insufficient. Importantly, emerging evidence has documented that gastrointestinal disorders affect other distal organs like brain and liver though gut-brain axis or gut-liver axis, respectively...

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a global health concern, affecting over 250 million individuals worldwide. In recent years, the gut-brain axis has emerged as a promising field for understanding the pathophysiology of MDD. Microbial metabolites, such as Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) - acetate, butyrate, and propionate -, have gained attention for their potential to influence epigenetic modifications within the host brain. However, the precise mechanisms through which these metabolites participate in MDD pathophysiology remain elusive...

Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) is a common yet poorly understood complication of surgery that can lead to long-term cognitive decline. The gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication system between the central nervous system and the gut microbiota, plays a significant role in maintaining cognitive health. The potential for anesthetic agents and perioperative medications to modulate the gut microbiota and influence the trajectory of POCD suggests the need for a more integrated approach in perioperative care...

OBJECTIVES: Chronic loneliness is a widespread issue, and the gut-brain axis is known to be crucial in facilitating communication between the gut and brain. However, the precise mechanism by which chronic loneliness affects the gut-brain axis remains uncertain. METHODS: Fourteen 55-week-old Balb/c mice were used in the experiment, with seven mice being randomly assigned to the chronic social isolation (CSI) group. The CSI group mice underwent 12 weeks of isolation to simulate the psychiatric state of a population in prolonged social isolation...

OBJECTIVE: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a varying group of disorders characterized by deficiency in social interaction and restrictive patterns of behavior and interests. While there are several studies focusing on the neuro-psychiatric pathogenesis of ASD, its etiology remains unclear. The role of gut-brain-axis in ASD has been studied increasingly and a correlation between symptoms and the composition of gut microbiota has been documented in various works. Despite this, the significance of individual microbes and their function is still widely unknown...

Disorders of the gut-brain interaction (DGBIs) are presently classified into mutually exclusive anatomical area-related symptom-based categories according to the Rome IV criteria. The pathophysiology of visceral nociception, which contributes to the wide range of symptoms of DGBIs, involves complex psychobiological processes arising from the bidirectional interactions of multiple systems at the gut and brain levels, which affect symptom expression and illness behaviors. The attitude toward an illness and expression of pain and bowel habit vary across cultures with variable interpretation based on sociocultural beliefs, which may not tally with the medical definitions...

Background Previous brain studies of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) often used single-mode neuroimaging, missing the complexity captured by multimodal data. Growth hormone affects gut microbiota and metabolism in GHD. However, from a gut-brain axis perspective, the relationship between abnormal GHD brain development and microbiota alterations remains unclear. The ultimate goal is to uncover the manifestations underlying gut-brain axis (GBA) abnormalities in GHD and idiopathic short stature (ISS). Methods Participants included 23 GHD and 25 ISS children...

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Intestinal flora and its metabolism play a significant role in ameliorating central nervous system disorders, including AD, through bidirectional interactions between the gut-brain axis. A naturally occurring alkaloid compound called berberine (BBR) has neuroprotective properties and prevents Aβ-induced microglial activation. Additionally, BBR can suppress the synthesis of Aβ and decrease BACE1 expression...

BACKGROUND: Clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease (AD) had high failure rates for several reasons, including the lack of biological endpoints. Fluid-based biomarkers may present a solution to measure biologically relevant endpoints. It is currently unclear to what extent fluid-based biomarkers are applied to support drug development. METHODS: We systematically reviewed 272 trials (clinicaltrials.gov) with disease-modifying therapies starting between 01-01-2017 and 01-01-2024 and identified which CSF and/or blood-based biomarker endpoints were used per purpose and trial type...