prophylactic antibiotics

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a worldwide healthcare problem. Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) can spread quickly owing to their resistance mechanisms. Although colonized individuals are crucial for MDRO dissemination, colonizing microbes can lead to symptomatic infections in carriers. Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are among the most important MDROs involved in colonizations and infections with severe outcomes. This review aimed to track down the first reports of CPE in Africa, describe their dissemination throughout African countries and summarize the current status of CRE and CPE data, highlighting current knowledge and limitations of reported data...

BACKGROUND: Prophylactic antibiotics (PAs) are standard for preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) post-colorectal surgery. This study aims to compare the effect of additional empiric oral antibiotics (OAs) alongside routine PAs to identify SSI risk factors. METHODS: A retrospective observatory analysis was conducted from January 2019 to December 2022 at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. The cohort was divided into two groups: PA given 1 h before surgery and discontinued within 24 h, and OA administered empiric OAs during mechanical bowel preparation in addition to PA...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A Key Performance Indicator (KPI) is a critical metric measuring organizational success or specific activities, reflecting the periodic achievement of operational goals aligned with strategic objectives. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study of key quality performance indicators, (CQI-NABH) concerning anesthesia and surgical services was conducted at a tertiary care hospital after taking institutional ethical clearance (AIIMS/IEC/21/150)...

PURPOSE: To study the incidence, predictive factors, aetiology and visual consequences of postoperative endophthalmitis (PE) in relation to three intracameral antibiotic regimes. SETTING: Swedish National Cataract Register (NCR) entries from 2011 through 2017. DESIGN: Observational retrospective study. METHODS: PE incidence, influencing factors, bacteriology and visual outcome were analyzed with regard to the three major prophylactic IC protocols...

IMPORTANCE: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are common postoperative complications and associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and costs. Prophylactic intraoperative incisional wound irrigation is used to reduce the risk of SSIs, and there is great variation in the type of irrigation solutions and their use. OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of different types of incisional prophylactic intraoperative incisional wound irrigation for the prevention of SSIs in all types of surgery...

Caudal epidural block is a simple and safe technique with a low complication rate commonly used for pediatric anesthesia and treatment of chronic lumbosacral pain. However, it is not exempt from some risks that, although infrequent, should be known. We describe the case of a 48-year-old female with chronic lumbosacral radicular pain who underwent caudal epidural infiltration. During the withdrawal of the catheter, accidental breakage and retention of a fragment at the level of the anterior epidural space of the sacrum occurred...

BACKGROUND: Antibiotics are commonly used drugs in farm animals for therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnosis purposes. As a result of the use of antibiotics in livestock, residues of antibiotics may be present in animal-derived foods, especially in meat. This study aimed at determining the antibiotic residues in cattle slaughtered at Nekemte municipal abattoir and assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) level of the community about antibiotic residue in food of cattle origin...

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent brucellosis after accidental exposure to Brucella is an important topic in public health. This study aimed to systematically review the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis following accidental exposure to Brucella in preventing human brucellosis disease. METHODS: The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023456812). The outcomes included the incidence of brucellosis disease, adverse events rate, and antibiotic prophylaxis adherence...

Respiratory virus infections in humans cause a broad-spectrum of diseases that result in substantial morbidity and mortality annually worldwide. To reduce the global burden of respiratory viral diseases, preventative and therapeutic interventions that are accessible and effective are urgently needed, especially in countries that are disproportionately affected. Repurposing generic medicine has the potential to bring new treatments for infectious diseases to patients efficiently and equitably. In this study, we found that intranasal delivery of neomycin, a generic aminoglycoside antibiotic, induces the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the nasal mucosa that is independent of the commensal microbiota...

OBJECTIVE: Closed-suction drains are commonly placed after thoracolumbar surgery to reduce the risk of post-operative hematoma and neurologic deterioration, and may stay in place for a longer period of time if output remains high. Prolonged maintenance of surgical site drains, however, is associated with an increased risk of surgical site infection (SSI). The present study aims to examine the literature regarding extended duration (≥24 h) prophylactic antibiotic use in patients undergoing posterior thoracolumbar surgery with closed-suction drainage...

INTRODUCTION: Bacterial infections are a major problem in medicine, and the rapid and accurate detection of such infections is essential for optimal patient outcome. Bacterial infections can be diagnosed by nuclear imaging, but most currently available modalities are unable to discriminate infection from sterile inflammation. Bacteria-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) tracers have the potential to overcome this hurdle. In the present study, we compared three 18 F-labelled PET tracers based on the clinically applied antibiotic vancomycin for targeted imaging of Gram-positive bacteria...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Several bacterial immunisations have been developed to reduce the socioeconomic burden of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and the use of prophylactic antibiotics in the management of recurrent UTIs (rUTIs). This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of vaccinations in preventing rUTIs. METHODS: Medline, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception to December 2023. Data were collected from cohort studies with a comparator arm and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating vaccination efficacy in adult rUTI patients according to predefined selection criteria (PROSPERO registration: CRD42022356662)...

PURPOSE: To assess whether oculoplastic surgeries can be performed without any topical and systemic antibiotics, in a "100% antibiotic free" fashion. METHOD: We conducted a multicenter retrospective study between November 2017 and December 2022. Patients who underwent an oculoplastic procedure were screened. Patients who received preoperative or postoperative systemic antibiotics were excluded. Intraoperative IV antibiotics were allowed. Patients were divided into two groups: those who were treated with local antibiotics ointments (LATB group) and those who were treated without local antibiotics ointments (LATB free group) postoperatively...

BACKGROUND: Preterms are at risk of systemic infections as the barrier function of their immature skin is insufficient. The long period of hospitalization and the huge number of invasive procedures represent a risk factor for complications. Among the nosocomial infections of the skin, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We report a clinical case of cellulitis and abscess in two preterm twins caused by MRSA in a tertiary level Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)...

AIM: One of the most severe complications of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is prosthetic joint infection (PJI). Currently, the use of antibiotic-loaded cement for the prevention of infection is still controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if the use of antibiotic-loaded cement reduces the infection rate in primary total knee arthroplasty in long-term follow-up (more than five years average follow up). METHOD: This study is the follow-up extension of a prospective randomized study, with 2,893 cemented TKA performed between 2005 and 2010 at our institution...

Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a clinical picture of hyperchloremic hypokalemic metabolic acidosis with a normal anion gap. It can be caused by a variety of conditions including obstructive uropathy such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). We report a rare case of dRTA secondary to VUR in a 4-year-old girl with a history of meningomyelocele, neurogenic bladder and recurrent urinary tract infections. She was admitted to the hospital with complaints of polydipsia, polyuria, and inability to gain weight for the last 1 year...

BACKGROUND: Studies analyzing non-antibiotic alternatives in kidney transplant UTI's are lacking. d-Mannose, a simple sugar, inhibits bacterial attachment to the urothelium, as does Proanthocyanidins; both could act as a synergic strategy preventing UTI; nonetheless their efficacy and safety have not been evaluated in kidney transplant population yet. METHODS: This is a pilot prospective, double-blind randomized trial. Sixty de novo kidney transplant recipients were randomized (1:1) to receive a prophylactic strategy based on a 24-h prolonged release formulation of d-Mannose plus Proanthocyanidins vs...

Interventricular septum pellet retention after air-gunshot injury in a persistently asymptomatic patient is a rare, clinically significant occurrence. Management involved monitoring, echocardiography, and computed tomography scans. After risk-benefit analysis, we favored a nonsurgical management without prophylactic antibiotics or colchicine. No post-traumatic pericarditis was observed. Patient remained asymptomatic and in excellent condition at 1-month follow-up.

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by the protozoan parasite of Leishmania genus and is a complex disease affecting mostly tropical regions of the world. Unfortunately, despite the extensive effort made, there is no vaccine available for human use. Undoubtedly, a comprehensive understanding of the host-vector-parasite interaction is substantial for developing an effective prophylactic vaccine. Recently the role of sandfly saliva on disease progression has been uncovered which can make a substantial contribution in vaccine design...

This study examines the effects of the bundle of antimicrobial stewardship measures for prophylactic antibiotics among thoracic surgery patients. A local protocol, based on current guidelines starting from December 2014, was developed by the Infection Control and Thoracic Surgery Teams. The effects of this protocol were assessed by monitoring a total of 1380 patients before and after its implementation from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2022.