prophylactic antibiotics

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent brucellosis after accidental exposure to Brucella is an important topic in public health. This study aimed to systematically review the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis following accidental exposure to Brucella in preventing human brucellosis disease. METHODS: The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023456812). The outcomes included the incidence of brucellosis disease, adverse events rate, and antibiotic prophylaxis adherence...

Respiratory virus infections in humans cause a broad-spectrum of diseases that result in substantial morbidity and mortality annually worldwide. To reduce the global burden of respiratory viral diseases, preventative and therapeutic interventions that are accessible and effective are urgently needed, especially in countries that are disproportionately affected. Repurposing generic medicine has the potential to bring new treatments for infectious diseases to patients efficiently and equitably. In this study, we found that intranasal delivery of neomycin, a generic aminoglycoside antibiotic, induces the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the nasal mucosa that is independent of the commensal microbiota...

OBJECTIVE: Closed-suction drains are commonly placed after thoracolumbar surgery to reduce the risk of post-operative hematoma and neurologic deterioration, and may stay in place for a longer period of time if output remains high. Prolonged maintenance of surgical site drains, however, is associated with an increased risk of surgical site infection (SSI). The present study aims to examine the literature regarding extended duration (≥24 h) prophylactic antibiotic use in patients undergoing posterior thoracolumbar surgery with closed-suction drainage...

INTRODUCTION: Bacterial infections are a major problem in medicine, and the rapid and accurate detection of such infections is essential for optimal patient outcome. Bacterial infections can be diagnosed by nuclear imaging, but most currently available modalities are unable to discriminate infection from sterile inflammation. Bacteria-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) tracers have the potential to overcome this hurdle. In the present study, we compared three 18 F-labelled PET tracers based on the clinically applied antibiotic vancomycin for targeted imaging of Gram-positive bacteria...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Several bacterial immunisations have been developed to reduce the socioeconomic burden of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and the use of prophylactic antibiotics in the management of recurrent UTIs (rUTIs). This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of vaccinations in preventing rUTIs. METHODS: Medline, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception to December 2023. Data were collected from cohort studies with a comparator arm and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating vaccination efficacy in adult rUTI patients according to predefined selection criteria (PROSPERO registration: CRD42022356662)...

PURPOSE: To assess whether oculoplastic surgeries can be performed without any topical and systemic antibiotics, in a "100% antibiotic free" fashion. METHOD: We conducted a multicenter retrospective study between November 2017 and December 2022. Patients who underwent an oculoplastic procedure were screened. Patients who received preoperative or postoperative systemic antibiotics were excluded. Intraoperative IV antibiotics were allowed. Patients were divided into two groups: those who were treated with local antibiotics ointments (LATB group) and those who were treated without local antibiotics ointments (LATB free group) postoperatively...

BACKGROUND: Preterms are at risk of systemic infections as the barrier function of their immature skin is insufficient. The long period of hospitalization and the huge number of invasive procedures represent a risk factor for complications. Among the nosocomial infections of the skin, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We report a clinical case of cellulitis and abscess in two preterm twins caused by MRSA in a tertiary level Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)...

AIM: One of the most severe complications of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is prosthetic joint infection (PJI). Currently, the use of antibiotic-loaded cement for the prevention of infection is still controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if the use of antibiotic-loaded cement reduces the infection rate in primary total knee arthroplasty in long-term follow-up (more than five years average follow up). METHOD: This study is the follow-up extension of a prospective randomized study, with 2,893 cemented TKA performed between 2005 and 2010 at our institution...

Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a clinical picture of hyperchloremic hypokalemic metabolic acidosis with a normal anion gap. It can be caused by a variety of conditions including obstructive uropathy such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). We report a rare case of dRTA secondary to VUR in a 4-year-old girl with a history of meningomyelocele, neurogenic bladder and recurrent urinary tract infections. She was admitted to the hospital with complaints of polydipsia, polyuria, and inability to gain weight for the last 1 year...

BACKGROUND: Studies analyzing non-antibiotic alternatives in kidney transplant UTI's are lacking. d-Mannose, a simple sugar, inhibits bacterial attachment to the urothelium, as does Proanthocyanidins; both could act as a synergic strategy preventing UTI; nonetheless their efficacy and safety have not been evaluated in kidney transplant population yet. METHODS: This is a pilot prospective, double-blind randomized trial. Sixty de novo kidney transplant recipients were randomized (1:1) to receive a prophylactic strategy based on a 24-h prolonged release formulation of d-Mannose plus Proanthocyanidins vs...

Interventricular septum pellet retention after air-gunshot injury in a persistently asymptomatic patient is a rare, clinically significant occurrence. Management involved monitoring, echocardiography, and computed tomography scans. After risk-benefit analysis, we favored a nonsurgical management without prophylactic antibiotics or colchicine. No post-traumatic pericarditis was observed. Patient remained asymptomatic and in excellent condition at 1-month follow-up.

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by the protozoan parasite of Leishmania genus and is a complex disease affecting mostly tropical regions of the world. Unfortunately, despite the extensive effort made, there is no vaccine available for human use. Undoubtedly, a comprehensive understanding of the host-vector-parasite interaction is substantial for developing an effective prophylactic vaccine. Recently the role of sandfly saliva on disease progression has been uncovered which can make a substantial contribution in vaccine design...

This study examines the effects of the bundle of antimicrobial stewardship measures for prophylactic antibiotics among thoracic surgery patients. A local protocol, based on current guidelines starting from December 2014, was developed by the Infection Control and Thoracic Surgery Teams. The effects of this protocol were assessed by monitoring a total of 1380 patients before and after its implementation from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2022.

Plant extracts are increasingly recognized as potential prophylactic agents in poultry production due to their diverse bioactive properties. This study investigated the phytochemical and biological properties of Libidibia ferrea (L. ferrea), a plant species native to the Caatinga region of northeastern Brazil. The aim of this study was to identify secondary metabolites and to demonstrate the antimicrobial, antioxidant and protective effects of the plant extract. Three extracts were produced: EHMV, a hydroalcoholic extract from the maceration of pods, and EEMC and EEMV ethanolic extracts from the maceration of peels and pods, respectively, from L...

BACKGROUND: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) represents one of the most classic and widely used treatments for hydrocephalus in pediatric patients. Migration and externalization of the distal end of the catheter through the rectum are extremely rare complications of intestinal perforation with devastating consequences such as meningitis or peritonitis due to enteric bacteria that are significantly life-threatening. Besides, one of the biggest topics with that is that it can happen without producing symptoms, like the patient we present in this case report, which further masks the condition and puts the patient's life more at risk...

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the need for prophylactic antibiotic treatment prior to combined intracavitary and interstitial (hybrid) brachytherapy for gynecologic cancer. A total of 105 gynecologic cancer patients received 405 brachytherapy sessions, including 302 sessions of intracavitary brachytherapy and 103 sessions of hybrid brachytherapy. Prophylactic antibiotics were administered before 35% of the hybrid brachytherapy sessions. The incidence of postbrachytherapy fever and the frequency of subsequent antibiotic use for infection were compared between treatment groups...

BACKGROUND: Vascular surgical site infections have been reported with an overall incidence of 5-10% for patients undergoing arterial interventions and as high as 10-20% for lower-limb bypass grafting procedures. Given that vascular surgery patients are known to be at a higher risk of postoperative wound infections and other complications, our objective was to evaluate a potential method to reduce such complications. This study compares the rate of wound healing complications between incisional negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and conventional dressings in vascular surgery patients with infra-inguinal incisions...

Bacterial bloodstream infections (BSI) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients. This systematic review aimed to pool global data from leading transplant institutions and identify the overall incidence, risk factors, and causative organisms of BSI in pediatric liver transplant recipients. A systematic review of the PubMed and OVID databases was conducted from 2000 to 2022. The initial search yielded 252 unique articles, which were independently reviewed by 2 authors...

Despite modern antiseptic techniques, surgical site infection (SSI) remains a leading complication of surgery. However, the origins of SSI and the high rates of antimicrobial resistance observed in these infections are poorly understood. Using instrumented spine surgery as a model of clean (class I) skin incision, we prospectively sampled preoperative microbiomes and postoperative SSI isolates in a cohort of 204 patients. Combining multiple forms of genomic analysis, we correlated the identity, anatomic distribution, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of SSI pathogens with those of preoperative strains obtained from the patient skin microbiome...

Immunoglobulin replacement and prophylactic antibiotics are commonly used to prevent infections in patients with secondary hypogammaglobulinemia due to hematological malignancies but have never been directly compared. In this randomized controlled feasibility trial conducted in 7 hospitals in Australia and New Zealand, we enrolled patients with secondary hypogammaglobulinemia with either a history of recurrent/severe infection or an immunoglobulin G level <4 g/L. Participants were randomized in a 1:2 ratio to immunoglobulin (0...