crest

AIM: To investigate the bidirectional influence between periodontitis and psoriasis, using the respective experimental models of ligature- and imiquimod-induced diseases on murine models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two C57/BL6J mice were randomly allocated to four experimental groups: control (P- Pso-), ligature-induced periodontitis (P+ Pso-), imiquimod-induced psoriasis (P- Pso+) and periodontitis and psoriasis (P+ Pso+). Samples (maxilla, dorsal skin and blood) were harvested immediately after death...

A neurofibroma with focal glomus-like body differentiation is an unusual phenomenon recently encountered in an excision specimen from the right lateral distal forearm of a 26-year-old man. Glomus cells are modified smooth muscle cells normally present in glomus-like bodies but can also be found in glomus tumors (GT) or lesions considered in the spectrum of GT, including myopericytoma, myofibroma, and angiolipoma. Neurofibromas are peripheral nerve sheath tumors derived from the neural crest cells. While both GT and its variants and neurofibroma are thought to be derived from different cell types, there is growing evidence that glomus cells have a neural crest origin...

CONTEXT: Head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) are rare, usually benign, slow-growing tumours arising from neural crest-derived tissue. Definitive management pathways for HNPGLs have yet to be clearly defined. OBJECTIVE: To review our experience of the clinical features and management of these tumours and to analyse outcomes of different treatment modalities. METHODS: Demographic and clinical data were obtained from The Northern Ireland Electronic Care Record (NIECR) as well from a prospectively maintained HNPGL database between January 2011 through December 2023...

The pivotal role of FGF18 in the regulation of craniofacial and skeletal development has been well established. Previous studies have demonstrated that mice with deficiency in Fgf18 exhibit severe craniofacial dysplasia. Recent clinical reports have revealed that the duplication of chromosome 5q32-35.3, which encompasses the Fgf18 gene, can lead to cranial bone dysplasia and congenital craniosynostosis, implicating the consequence of possible overdosed FGF18 signaling. This study aimed to test the effects of augmented FGF18 signaling by specifically overexpressing the Fgf18 gene in cranial neural crest cells using the Wnt1-Cre;pMes-Fgf18 mouse model...

Maturation defects are intrinsic features of osteoblast lineage cells in CKD patients. These defects persist ex vivo, suggesting that CKD induces epigenetic changes in bone cells. To gain insights into which signaling pathways contribute to CKD-mediated, epigenetically driven, impairments in osteoblast maturation, we characterized RNA expression and DNA methylation patterns by RNA-Seq and MethylationEpic in primary osteoblasts from nine adolescent and young adult dialysis patients with end-stage kidney disease and three healthy references...

The skull anatomy of amphisbaenians directly influences their capacity to burrow and is crucial for the study of their systematics, which ultimately contributes to our comprehension of their evolution and ecology. In this study, we employed three-dimensional X-ray computed tomography to provide a detailed description and comprehensive comparison of the skull anatomy of two amphisbaenian species with similar external morphology, Amphisbaena arda and Amphisbaena vermicularis. Our findings revealed some differences between the species, especially in the sagittal crest of the parietal bone, the ascendant process, and the transverse occipital crest of the occipital complex...

BACKGROUND: Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a rare clinically benign, pigmented, tumor of neural crest origin which commonly occurs in the maxilla. It is a rare tumor that may pose difficulty in differentiating from other malignant round cell tumors. CASE PRESENTATION: A 5-month-old Ethiopian infant presented with a mass on his forehead. A wide excision of the lesion was done and subjected to histopathologic evaluation. The histologic and immunohistochemistry for synaptophysin studies confirmed that the infant was having MNTI...

INTRODUCTION: Bone grafts for scaphoid nonunion with deformity include cortcicocancellous or pure cancellous bone grafts. This study compared the outcomes between two types of bone grafts when employing a volar locking-plate in patients with scaphoid nonunion with dorsal intercalated segmental instability (DISI). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 34 patients with scaphoid nonunion and DISI due to humpback deformity treated between March 2017 and January 2022...

Considering the health relevance of Chagas' disease, recent research efforts have focused on developing more efficient drug delivery systems containing nifurtimox (NFX). This paper comprehensively investigates NFX through conformational analysis and spectroscopic characterization. Using a conformer-rotamer ensemble sampling tool (CREST-xtb), five distinct conformers of NFX were sampled within a 3.0 kcal mol-1 relative energy window. Subsequently, such structures were used as inputs for geometry optimization by density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP-def2-TZVP level of theory...

Craniofacial reconstruction faces many challenges, including high complexity, strong specificity, severe injury, irregular and complex wounds, and high risk of bleeding. Traditionally, the "gold standard" for treating craniofacial bone defects has been tissue transplantation, which involves the transplantation of bone, cartilage, skin, and other tissues from other parts of the body. However, the shape of craniofacial bone and cartilage structures varies greatly and is distinctly different from ordinary long bones...

INTRODUCTION: Conventional implants are associated with ridge augmentation/sinus lift procedures in vertically insufficient ridges, which increase morbidity and healing time. Short implants provided some hope in this context. The present study considered the use of ultra-short implants in vertically insufficient posterior mandibular ridges and evaluated their success. Hence, study was done to evaluate the success of ultra-short implants in partially edentulous posterior mandible clinically and radiographically...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to evaluate the location and radio morphometric features of the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) in patients undergoing rehabilitation of posterior maxilla and other sinus augmentation surgical procedures by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 816 CBCT scans were included. Various radio morphometric measurements were done to assess the PSAA location, diameter, and distances to the sinus floor and alveolar crest...

BACKGROUND: The increased use of virtual bone images in forensic anthropology requires a comprehensive study on the observational errors between dry bones and CT reconstructions. Here, we focus on the consistency of nonmetric sex estimation traits on the human skull. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We scored nine nonmetric traits on dry crania and mandibles (n = 223) of archaeological origin and their CT reconstructions. Additionally, we 3D surface scanned a subsample (n = 50) and repeated our observations...

BACKGROUND: Alveolar bone grafting (ABG) using iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) is best practice for children with complete cleft lip and palate. With the advent of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) and demineralized bone matrix (DBM), excellent results can still be achieved while avoiding donor-site morbidity. This study aims to determine the critical-sized defects by analyzing graft failure rates for ICBG and rhBMP-2/DBM to guide surgeons performing ABG. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted evaluating patients who underwent ABG from 2016-2022...

Neural crest cells exemplify cellular diversification from a multipotent progenitor population. However, the full sequence of early molecular choices orchestrating the emergence of neural crest heterogeneity from the embryonic ectoderm remains elusive. Gene-regulatory-networks (GRN) govern early development and cell specification toward definitive neural crest. Here, we combine ultradense single-cell transcriptomes with machine-learning and large-scale transcriptomic and epigenomic experimental validation of selected trajectories, to provide the general principles and highlight specific features of the GRN underlying neural crest fate diversification from induction to early migration stages using Xenopus frog embryos as a model...

Brain pericytes are one of the critical cell types that regulate endothelial barrier function and activity, thus ensuring adequate blood flow to the brain. The genetic pathways guiding undifferentiated cells into mature pericytes are not well understood. We show here that pericyte precursor populations from both neural crest and head mesoderm of zebrafish express the transcription factor nkx3.1 develop into brain pericytes. We identify the gene signature of these precursors and show that an nkx3.1-, foxf2a-, and cxcl12b-expressing pericyte precursor population is present around the basilar artery prior to artery formation and pericyte recruitment...

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Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is an uncommon pigmented neural crest tumor primarily found in infants. We presented a case report of successful surgical management of MNTI in an 11-month-old female. A total of 178 articles discussing 249 cases of MNTI were identified through literature search. Literature review of 250 cases of MNTI including the current case report was conducted considering study parameters such as age and gender of the patient, location of the lesion, levels of vanillylmandelic acid, management options, and outcome after treatment...

Naevus of Ito and naevus of Ota are benign dermal melanocytoses with similar pathogenic mechanisms of failure in the melanocyte migration to typical locations within the basal layer from neural crest cells and differ in distribution. Bilateral and oral mucosal involvement of naevus of Ota can occur but is infrequent. Naevus of Ito is seldom associated with naevus of Ota and extracutaneous manifestations. A review of the English literature showed 14 cases of naevus of Ota with palatal involvement. None showed bilateral involvement of both naevi with oral involvement...

Neurofibromatosis Type I (NF1) is a complex genetic condition that affects multiple organ systems and presents a unique set of challenges for clinicians in its management. NF1 is a tumor predisposition syndrome that primarily affect the peripheral and central nervous systems via the impact of haploinsufficiency upon neural crest lineage cells including Schwann cells, melanocytes, fibroblasts, etc. NF1 can further lead to pathology of the skin, bones, visual system, and cardiovascular system, all of which can drastically reduce a patient's quality of life (QOL)...