latent tuberculosis

Brain tuberculoma and its occurrence within the subarachnoid cisterns is rare in Japan. Serological and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations and imaging findings lack specificity; thus, preoperative diagnosis is often challenging. This report presents the case of a 70-year-old woman admitted to our hospital with a one-month history of low-grade fever and altered mental status. Based on the CSF analysis and her history of latent tuberculosis infection seven years ago, she was strongly suspected of suffering from tuberculous meningitis (TBM)...

INTRODUCTION: There is no useful method to discriminate between latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). This study aimed to investigate the potential of cytokine profiles to discriminate between LTBI and active PTB using whole-blood stimulation with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) antigens, including latency-associated antigens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with active PTB, household contacts of active PTB patients and community exposure subjects were recruited in Manila, the Philippines...

BACKGROUND: Observing medication ingestion through self-recorded videos (video directly observed therapy [VDOT]) has been shown to be a cost-effective alternative to in-person directly observed therapy (DOT) for monitoring adherence to treatment for tuberculosis disease. VDOT could be a useful tool to monitor short-course latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment. METHODS: We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing VDOT (intervention) and clinic-based DOT (control) among patients newly diagnosed with LTBI who agreed to a once-weekly 3-month treatment regimen of isoniazid and rifapentine...

OBJECTIVES: To compare the prevalence of LTBI and TB in the pre-pandemic period (2017-2019) with the pandemic period (2020-2022), in a group of HCW. METHODS: Retrospective study. Data on TB diagnosis was retrieved from the hospital information system database. All HCWs who underwent tuberculin skin test (TST) from January 2017 to December 2022 were included in the study. RESULTS: In the pre-pandemic period (2017-2019), 163 HCW out of 710 were TST positive (22...

Female and latent genital tuberculosis (FGTB and LGTB) in young women may lead to infertility by damaging ovarian reserve function, but the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of FGTB and LGTB on ovarian reserve function and potential regulatory mechanisms by untargeted metabolomics of follicular fluid, aiming to provide insights for the clinical management and treatment approaches for afflicted women. We recruited 19 patients with FGTB, 16 patients with LGTB, and 16 healthy women as a control group...

In this paper, we presented a mathematical model for tuberculosis with treatment for latent tuberculosis cases and incorporated social implementations based on the impact they will have on tuberculosis incidence, cure, and recovery. We incorporated two variables containing the accumulated deaths and active cases into the model in order to study the incidence and mortality rate per year with the data reported by the model. Our objective is to study the impact of social program implementations and therapies on latent tuberculosis in particular the use of once-weekly isoniazid-rifapentine for 12 weeks (3HP)...

Natural Killer (NK) cells can recognize and kill Mtb -infected cells in vitro, however their role after natural human exposure has not been well-studied. To identify Mtb -responsive NK cell populations, we analyzed the peripheral blood of healthy household contacts of active Tuberculosis (TB) cases and source community donors in an endemic region of Port-au-Prince, Haiti by flow cytometry. We observed higher CD8α expression on NK cells in putative resistors (IGRA- contacts) with a progressive loss of these circulating cells during household-associated latent infection and disease...

Economic incentives to promote health behavior change are highly efficacious for substance use disorders as well as increased medication adherence. Knowledge about participants' experiences with and perceptions of incentives is needed to understand their mechanisms of action and optimize future incentive-based interventions. The Drinkers' Intervention to Prevent Tuberculosis (DIPT) trial enrolled people with HIV (PWH) in Uganda with latent tuberculosis and unhealthy alcohol use in a 2x2 factorial trial that incentivized recent alcohol abstinence and isoniazid (INH) adherence on monthly urine testing while on INH preventive therapy...

Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M tb), which is recognized by macrophages and produces inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines at the site of infection. The present study was proposed to understand the interaction of M tb antigens, cytokines, and chemokines. We have evaluated the chemokine MCP-1 levels and its expression in PBMCs stimulated with M tb antigens Ag85A, ESAT6 and recombinant cytokines rhTNF-α, rhIFN-γ, rhTGF-β, and rhIL-10 in active pulmonary TB (APTB) patients, household contacts (HHC) at 0 months, 6 months and healthy controls (HC)...

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination remains a cornerstone in global efforts to combat tuberculosis (TB), a persistent public health threat worldwide. The purpose of this systematic review is to find out how well BCG revaccination protects against TB. This systematic review synthesized recent studies investigating the efficacy of BCG vaccination in preventing TB infection and disease. A total of 15 relevant publications were identified through a comprehensive search across multiple databases, including Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline, and Scopus...

BACKGROUND: Leprosy and tuberculosis are two of the oldest and most common mycobacterial infections, caused by Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacteium lepramatosis for leprosy and Mycobacterium tuberculosis for tuberculosis. Dual infections have been known since ancient times; however, cases remain rarely reported in the literature, even in countries where both diseases are endemic, such as Madagascar. PURPOSE: We report a case series of simultaneous occurrence of leprosy and tuberculosis...

Background: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is common in people living with HIV (PLHIV) in high TB burden settings. Active TB is associated with specific stool taxa; however, little is known about the stool microbiota and LTBI, including in PLHIV. Method : Within a parent study that recruited adult females with HIV from Cape Town, South Africa into predefined age categories (18-25, 35-60 years), we characterised the stool microbiota of those with [interferon- γ release assay (IGRA)- and tuberculin skin test (TST)-positive] or without (IGRA- and TST-negative) LTBI (n=25 per group)...

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease with a risk of reactivation in Multiple Sclerosis patients on immunosuppressant therapy. Diagnosis and treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) prevents the infection. OBJECTIVE: To diagnose and treat LTBI in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). METHODS: Cross-sectional study of the prevalence and treatment of LTBI in MS, between February 2021 and June 2023. LTBI was defined as an absence of symptoms, positive PPD or IGRA and normal chest X-ray...

BACKGROUND: Flu-like reactions can occur after exposure to rifampin, rifapentine, or isoniazid. Prior studies have reported the presence of antibodies to rifampin, but associations with underlying pathogenesis are unclear. METHODS: We evaluated PREVENT TB study participants who received weekly isoniazid + rifapentine for 3 months (3HP) or daily isoniazid for 9 months (9H) as treatment for M. tuberculosis infection. Flu-like reaction was defined as a grade ≥2 of any of flu-like symptoms...

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. In the world, tuberculosis is an important factor affecting women's reproductive health, which can cause reproductive tract anatomy abnormalities, embryo implantation obstacles, ovarian reserve and ovulation dysfunction, leading to female infertility. This group of women usually need to seek assisted reproductive technology to conceive. Latent tuberculosis infection during pregnancy has no clinical manifestation, but may develop into active tuberculosis, leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes...

BACKGROUND: Influenza's potential impact on active tuberculosis (TB) development has been debated, with limited clinical evidence. To address this, we explored the association between influenza episodes and TB incidence in a national cohort of individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI). METHODS: We examined adults (≥20 years) diagnosed with LTBI between 2015 and 2020, using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service's national database in South Korea...

There are limited data on the causative agents and characteristics of drug-induced liver injury in pregnant individuals. Data from patients with drug-induced liver injury enrolled in the ongoing multicenter Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network between 2004 and 2022 and occurring during pregnancy or 6 months postpartum were reviewed and compared with cases of drug-induced liver injury in nonpregnant women of childbearing age. Among 325 individuals of childbearing age in the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network, 16 cases of drug-induced liver injury (5%) occurred during pregnancy or postpartum...

BACKGROUND: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening and treatment interventions that are tailored to optimize acceptance among the non-U.S.-born population are essential for U.S. tuberculosis elimination. We investigated the impact of medical interpreter use on LTBI treatment acceptance and completion among non-U.S.-born persons in a multisite study. METHODS: The Tuberculosis Epidemiologic Studies Consortium was a prospective cohort study that enrolled participants at high risk for LTBI at ten U...

OBJECTIVES: Silicosis people are at high risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis. Whether silica exposure increases the likelihood of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) was not well understood, and potential factors involved in LTBI risk among silicosis people were not evaluated before. Thus, LTBI among silicosis people and potential risk factors for LTBI among silicosis people were evaluated in this study. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was undertaken for 130 miner workers with silicosis...

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) ranks as the second leading cause of death globally among all infectious diseases. This problem is likely due to the lack of biomarkers to differentiate the heterogeneous spectrum of infection. Therefore, the first step in solving this problem is to identify biomarkers to distinguish the different disease states of an individual and treat them accordingly. Circulating microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers are promising candidates for various diseases. In fact, we are yet to conceptualize how miRNA expression influences and predicts TB disease outcomes...