Paclitaxel

BACKGROUND: Platinum-based chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is now becoming the standard first-line therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced gastric cancer (AGC). In China, paclitaxel has shown good efficacy and tolerability in AGC as an alternative for first-line therapy. Combining ICIs with paclitaxel-based chemotherapy may lead to improved tumor immune microenvironment, but evidence in paclitaxel combing with ICIs as first-line regimen is lacking...

Taxol (common name: paclitaxel) is an extremely important component of drugs for the treatment of various cancers. Thirty years after the discovery of its effectiveness, a metabolic precursor of Taxol (10-deacetylbaccatin III) is still primarily extracted from needles of European yew trees. In order to meet the considerable demand, hopes were pinned on the possibilities of biotechnological production from the very beginning. In 1993, as if by chance, Taxol was supposedly discovered in fungi that grow endobiotically in yew trees...

Biosynthesis of paclitaxel (Taxol™) is a hot topic with extensive and durable interests for decades. However, it is severely hindered due to the very low titers of intermediates. In this study, Escherichia coli was employed to de novo synthesize a key intermediate of paclitaxel, taxadien-5α-yl-acetate (T5OAc). Plasmid-based pathway reconstruction and optimization were conducted for T5OAc production. The endogenous methylerythritol phosphate pathway was enhanced to increase the precursor supply...

Multifaceted nanoplatforms integrating fluorescence imaging and chemotherapy have garnered acknowledgment for their potential potency in cancer diagnosis and simultaneous in situ therapy. However, some drawbacks remain for traditional organic photosensitizers, such as poor photostability, short excitation wavelength, and shallow penetration depth, which will greatly lower the chemotherapy treatment efficiency. Herein, we present lipid-encapsulated two-photon active aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogen and paclitaxel (PTX) nanoparticles (AIE@PTX NPs) with bright red fluorescence emission, excellent photostability, and good biocompatibility...

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify a candidate gene associated with paclitaxel (PTX) resistance and to evaluate functionally its biological role in the PTX-resistant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines and clinical specimens. METHODS: Microarray data series containing samples of different types of cancers resistant to PTX were analyzed and then a candidate gene associated with PTX resistance was identified using various bioinformatics tools...

BACKGROUND: The progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is related to macrophage polarization (MP). Our aim was to identify genes associated with MP in HCC patients and develop a prognostic model based on these genes. RESULTS: We successfully developed a prognostic model consisting of six MP-related genes (SCN4A, EBF3, ADGRB2, HOXD9, CLEC1B, and MSC) to calculate the risk score for each patient. Patients were then classified into high- and low-risk groups based on their median risk score...

Toripalimab (JS001) is a monoclonal antibody against programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), independently developed by Shanghai Junshi Biosciences Co., LTD, which is the first domestic original PD-1 inhibitor approved in China. TORCHLIGHT is the first phase III trial of PD-1 inhibitor combined chemotherapy in advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in China, evaluating the efficacy and safety of toripalimab plus nab-paclitaxel as first- or second-line therapy. Nab-paclitaxel has significant advantages over other chemotherapy drugs, as paclitaxel nanoparticles combine with natural albumin to increase drug delivery and bioavailability of paclitaxel...

INTRODUCTION: Due to the high toxicity of antineoplastic drugs, handling their packaging could lead to the chemical contamination of hospital environments and exposure risks to healthcare professionals and patients. This study aimed to assess the contamination of two main surfaces: the outer primary packaging of oral antineoplastic drug formulations ( n   =  36) available on the Swiss market and the surface of secondary packaging of injectable antineoplastic drug preparations ( n   =  60) produced by the pharmacy of a Swiss hospital and carriers used for transport ( n   =  5)...

Paclitaxel serves as the cornerstone chemotherapy for ovarian cancer, yet its prolonged administration frequently culminates in drug resistance, presenting a substantial challenge. Here we reported that inducing alkaliptosis, rather than apoptosis or ferroptosis, effectively overcomes paclitaxel resistance. Mechanistically, ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit D1 (ATP6V0D1), a key regulator of alkaliptosis, plays a pivotal role by mediating the downregulation of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1), a multidrug resistance protein...

BACKGROUND: Limited comparative data exist on different interventional strategies for endovascular revascularization of complex femoropopliteal interventions. OBJECTIVES: In this study, the authors aimed to compare a stent-avoiding (SA) vs a stent-preferred (SP) strategy, promoting optimal lesion preparation and the use of drug-eluting technologies in both arms. METHODS: Within a prospective, multicenter, pilot study, 120 patients with symptomatic complex femoropopliteal lesions (Rutherford classification 2-4, mean lesion length 187...

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the cost-effectiveness of tislelizumab plus chemotherapy compared to chemotherapy alone as a first-line treatment for advanced or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS: A partitioned survival model was developed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of tislelizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in patients with advanced or metastatic OSCC over a 10-year lifetime horizon from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system...

To facilitate studies of engagement of protein targets by small molecules in living cells, we synthesized fluorinated derivatives of the fluorophore 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid (7OHCCA). Compared to the related difluorinated coumarin Pacific Blue (PB), amide derivatives of 6-fluoro-7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid (6FC) exhibited substantially brighter fluorescence. When linked to the anticancer drug paclitaxel (Taxol) via gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the acidity of the phenol of these coumarins profoundly affected cellular efflux and binding to microtubules in living cells...

The efficacy of drug-coated balloons (DCB) versus drug-eluting stents (DES) for coronary artery disease (CAD) remains inconclusive. Despite paclitaxel's common use in both DES and DCB, there is a lack of meta-analyses comparing paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) and paclitaxel-coated balloons (PCB). This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate and compare the outcomes of DES and DCB with paclitaxel. A systematic literature search of the Medline and Cochrane databases yielded six randomized controlled trials with 951 patients (1:1 ratio)...

AIM: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is usually treated with high doses of paclitaxel, whose effectiveness may be modulated by the action of environmental contaminants such as hexachlorobenzene. High doses of paclitaxel cause adverse effects such as low cellular selectivity and the generation of resistance to treatment due to an increase in the expression of multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs). These effects can be reduced using a metronomic administration scheme with low doses...

BACKGROUND: Evaluate the efficacy and safety of different chemotherapy regimens concurrent with radiotherapy in treating locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). METHODS: Retrospective data was collected from LACC patients who were treated at our institution. These patients were categorized into three groups: the single-agent cisplatin (DDP) chemoradiotherapy group, the paclitaxel plus cisplatin (TP) chemoradiotherapy group, and the nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab-) paclitaxel combined with cisplatin (nPP) chemoradiotherapy group...

The efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in tumor treatment is limited by their toxicity and side effects due to their inability to selectively accumulate in tumor tissue. In addition, chemotherapeutic agents are easily pumped out of tumor cells, resulting in their inadequate accumulation. To overcome these challenges, a drug delivery system utilizing the amphiphilic peptide Pep1 was designed. Pep1 can self-assemble into spherical nanoparticles (PL/Pep1) and encapsulate paclitaxel (PTX) and lapatinib (LAP). PL/Pep1 transformed into nanofibers in an acidic environment, resulting in longer drug retention and higher drug concentrations within tumor cells...

BACKGROUND: The treatment of in-stent restenosis (ISR) after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation remains challenging in current clinical practice. AIMS: The study was conducted to investigate a novel biolimus-coated balloon (BCB) for the treatment of coronary DES-ISR compared with the best-investigated paclitaxel-coated balloon (PCB). METHODS: This was a prospective, multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority trial comparing a novel BCB with a clinically proven PCB for coronary DES-ISR...

The rapid emergence of anisotropic collagen fibers in the tissue microenvironment is a critical transition point in late-stage breast cancer. Specifically, the fiber orientation facilitates the likelihood of high-speed tumor cell invasion and metastasis, which pose lethal threats to patients. Thus, based on this transition point, one key issue is how to determine and evaluate efficient combination chemotherapy treatments in late-stage cancer. In this study, we designed a collagen microarray chip containing 241 high-throughput microchambers with embedded metastatic breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231-RFP...

BACKGROUND: Retroperitoneal fibrosis, a condition of uncertain origin, is rarely linked to 8% of malignant cases, including breast, lung, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, thyroid, and carcinoid. The mechanism leading to peritoneal fibrosis induced by tumors is not well understood, possibly encompassing direct infiltration of neoplastic cells or the initiation of inflammatory responses prompted by cytokines released by tumor cells. We report a case of breast cancer with renal metastasis and retroperitoneal fibrosis detected using 18 F-FDG PET/CT, providing help for clinical diagnosis and treatment...

Breast cancer, a leading cause of global female mortality, demands comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This study delves into the nuanced realm of post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy breast cancer specimens, emphasizing the imperative need for pathologists to discern stromal and nuclear alterations adeptly. The investigation, encompassing 100 female patients with a mean age of 47.5 years, elucidates the demographic and clinicopathological parameters. Predominantly presenting as palpable lumps (85%), invasive ductal carcinoma emerged as the predominant histological type (98%)...