Satoshi Hosoki, Gurpreet K Hansra, Tharusha Jayasena, Anne Poljak, Karen A Mather, Vibeke S Catts, Ruslan Rust, Abhay Sagare, Jason C Kovacic, Amy Brodtmann, Anders Wallin, Berislav V Zlokovic, Masafumi Ihara, Perminder S Sachdev
As disease-specific interventions for dementia are being developed, the ability to identify the underlying pathology and dementia subtypes is increasingly important. Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer disease, but progress in identifying molecular biomarkers for accurate diagnosis of VCID has been relatively limited. In this Review, we examine the roles of large and small vessel disease in VCID, considering the underlying pathophysiological processes that lead to vascular brain injury, including atherosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, ischaemic injury, haemorrhage, hypoperfusion, endothelial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier breakdown, inflammation, oxidative stress, hypoxia, and neuronal and glial degeneration...
November 13, 2023: Nature Reviews. Neurology