cardiovascular risks genetics

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To update information about the relationship between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and atherosclerosis. This review emphasizes the potential mechanisms linking MASLD with atherosclerosis and the possible causal relationships between these conditions. RECENT FINDINGS: An increased risk of cardiovascular disease is related to MASLD. Several molecular, cellular, and metabolic mechanisms have been described to explain the development of atherothrombosis in MASLD patients...

Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (ATAA) remains a significant medical concern, with its asymptomatic nature posing diagnostic and monitoring challenges, thereby increasing the risk of aortic wall dissection and rupture. Current management of aortic repair relies on an aortic diameter threshold. However, this approach underestimates the complexity of aortic wall disease due to important knowledge gaps in understanding its underlying pathologic mechanisms.Since traditional risk factors cannot explain the initiation and progression of ATAA leading to dissection, local vascular factors such as extracellular matrix (ECM) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) might harbor targets for early diagnosis and intervention...

Epilepsy is an increasing global neurological health issue. Recently, epidemiological and mechanistic studies have raised concern about cardiac involvement in individuals with epilepsy. This has resulted in the "epileptic heart" concept. Epidemiological data linking epilepsy to cardiovascular disease indicate an increased risk for ventricular and atrial arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and sudden death among individuals with epilepsy. Pathways of this interaction comprise increased prevalence of traditional cardiac risk factors, genetic abnormalities, altered brain circuitry with autonomic imbalance, and antiseizure medications with enzyme-inducing and ionic channel-blocking proprieties...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a range of liver conditions, from benign fatty accumulation to severe fibrosis. The global prevalence of NAFLD has risen to 25-30%, with variations across ethnic groups. NAFLD may advance to hepatocellular carcinoma, increases cardiovascular risk, is associated with chronic kidney disease, and is an independent metabolic disease risk factor. Assessment methods for liver health include liver biopsy, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE by FibroScan)...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) plays a role in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health. In this paper, we cover FABP4 biology, its implications in atherosclerosis from observational studies, genetic factors affecting FABP4 serum levels, and ongoing drug development to target FABP4 and offer insights into future FABP4 research. RECENT FINDINGS: FABP4 impacts cells through JAK2/STAT2 and c-kit pathways, increasing inflammatory and adhesion-related proteins...

The worldwide prevalence of individuals with an elevated body weight has increased steadily over the past five decades. Billions of research dollars have been invested to improve our understanding of the causes and consequences of having an elevated body weight. All this knowledge has, however, failed to influence populational body weight trajectories of most countries around the world. Research on the definition of "obesity" has also evolved. Body mass index (BMI), the most commonly used tool to make its diagnosis, has major limitations...

Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) is an underutilized crop that encompasses nutritional benefits and climate resilience, making it a viable option for future crop development with nutraceutical properties. The cultivation of this crop has ancient roots, where it was revered for its ability to thrive in times of famine and was a vital companion crop to rice. Dishes made with Kodo millet are highly palatable and can be easily integrated into mainstream rice-based dishes. Among all cereals, Kodo millet is distinguished by its gluten-free composition, high phosphorus content, and significant antioxidant potential, which contributes to a diet that may reduce cardiovascular disease risk...

BACKGROUND: The main objective of this study is to identify the risk factors of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. METHODS: The present retrospective cohort study is part of the Pars Cohort Study (PCS). The participants were categorized as having MAFLD or not. The pattern of independent variables in patients was compared with those who did not have MAFLD. All variables were retained in the multivariable logistic regression model...

Hypertension is an important modifiable risk factor for morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease. The incidence of hypertension is increasing not only in Korea but also in many Western countries due to the aging of the population and the increase in unhealthy lifestyles. However, hypertension control rates remain low due to poor adherence to antihypertensive medications, low awareness of hypertension, and numerous factors that contribute to hypertension, including diet, environment, lifestyle, obesity, and genetics...

Europe and North America are the 2 largest recipients of international migrants from low-resource regions in the world. Here, large differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and death exist between migrants and the host populations. This review discusses the CVD burden and its most important contributors among the largest migrant groups in Europe and North America as well as the consequences of migration to high-income countries on CVD diagnosis and therapy. The available evidence indicates that migrants in Europe and North America generally have a higher CVD risk compared with the host populations...

OBJECTIVES: Symptomatic neonates and infants with Ebstein Anomaly (EA) require complex management. A group of experts was commissioned by the American Association for Thoracic Surgery to provide a framework on this topic focusing on risk stratification and management. METHODS: The EA Clinical Congenital Practice Standards Committee is a multinational and multidisciplinary group of surgeons and cardiologists with expertise in EA. A citation search in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed using key words related to EA...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Metabolic syndrome is one of the major public-health challenges, affecting one-quarter of the world population. Fatty acid quality indices are novel determinants of this disease and their interactions with genetic factors may have an impact on metabolic syndrome risk. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the interaction between genetic risk score (GRS) and fatty acid quality indices with metabolic syndrome (MetS) among overweight and obese women. METHODS: In the present cross-sectional study, 279 overweight and obese women (18-48 years old) were included...

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BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular effects of metformin continue to be a subject of debate within the medical community. METHODS: The Mendelian randomization (MR) study used data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to explore the causal association with six diseases that are associated with bimatoprost treatment and myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure, atrial fibrillation, hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy, and valvular disease. Genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), that are associated with metformin use were selected as the instrumental variables...

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases are the result of genetic and environmental interaction that conditions the integrity of the heart and blood vessels. Risk factors include infections. The inflammatory response against the infectious agent is a trigger of autoimmune cardiovascular diseases due to the similarity between the pathogen proteins and human antigens, since the immune response can present cross-reactivity caused by molecular mimicry. METHODS: We performed a search for pathogens involved in autoimmune heart diseases and autoantigens 9 associated with these diseases in the Pubmed and Google Scholar search engines...

BACKGROUND: Accurate prediction and assessment of myocardial fibrosis (MF) and adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) are crucial in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Several studies indicate that galectin-3 (gal-3) as a promising prognostic predictor in patients with DCM. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for relevant studies up to August 2023. The hazard ratios (HRs) of gal-3 for MACEs in DCM patients, and for MACEs in LGE(+) versus LGE(-) groups, were evaluated...

BACKGROUND: Several studies assessed the relationship between the cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) Taq1B gene polymorphism (rs708272) with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, their findings were inconsistent. The present study investigated the relationship between CVD risk factors and the Taq1B variant in patients undergoing coronary angiography. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 476 patients aged 30-76 years old of both sexes from 2020-2021, in Yazd (Iran)...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Cathepsin G (CTSG) has been identified as an inhibitor of breast, bladder, and colorectal cancers. The G allele of the N125S (A/G, rs45567233) functional polymorphism of the CTSG gene confers increased serum CTSG activity and has been associated with cardiovascular and neurovascular diseases. This study examined the possible correlation between the pathogenesis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and the functional polymorphism CTSG N125S. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 197 DNA samples were examined, comprising 98 BCC patients and 99 control samples of Greek origin...

BACKGROUND: Interplay between lifestyle (LRS) and genetic risk scores (GRS) on obesity and related chronic diseases are under-investigated and necessary for understanding obesity causes and developing prevention strategies. OBJECTIVES: To investigate independent and joint associations and interactions of LRS and GRS with obesity prevalence and risks of diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and obesity-related cancer. METHODS: In this cohort study of 444,957 UK Biobank participants (age: 56...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Familial hypercholesterolemia is an underdiagnosed genetic metabolic condition limiting the clearance of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increasing lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease. Population genetic screening in unselected individuals could quickly identify cases of familial hypercholesterolemia and enable early prevention, but the economic impact of widespread screening on patients has not been studied. METHODS: We assessed the cost-effectiveness of population genetic screening for familial hypercholesterolemia in 20 and 35-year-old adults in the United States from the perspective of patients...