mannitol

Ribavirin, an antiretroviral agent targeting the hepatitis C virus, causes male reproductive toxicity. This study investigated the mechanism of ribavirin transport at the blood-testis barrier (BTB). In vivo mouse integration plot analysis after intravenous administration revealed that the net influx clearance of [3 H]ribavirin in the testis was 3.6-fold greater than that of [14 C]D-mannitol, a paracellular transport marker, implying transcellular transport of ribavirin across the BTB. Moreover, [3 H]ribavirin uptake by TM4 cells, mouse-derived Sertoli cells, was time- and concentration-dependent, with a Km value of 2...

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory piroxicam (PRX) is a poorly water-soluble drug that provides relief in different arthritides. Reducing the particle size of PRX increases its bioavailability. For pediatric, geriatric, and dysphagic patients, oral dispersible systems ease administration. Moreover, fast disintegration followed by drug release and absorption through the oral mucosa can induce rapid systemic effects. We aimed to produce an orodispersible lyophilizate (OL) consisting of nanosized PRX. PRX was solved in ethyl acetate and then sonicated into a poloxamer-188 solution to perform spray-ultrasound-assisted solvent diffusion-based nanoprecipitation...

Hot melt extrusion (HME) is a common manufacturing process used in the pharmaceutical industry to improve the solubility of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). The goal is to create an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) where the amorphous form of the API is stabilized within a polymer matrix. Traditionally, the development of pharmaceutically approved polymers has focused on requirements such as thermal properties, solubility, drug-polymer interactions, and biocompatibility. The mechanical properties of the material have often been neglected in the design of new polymers...

Idesia polycarpa Maxim is an emerging oil plant species. Understanding its microecological characteristics and internal mechanisms can serve as a basis for field management and the screening and application of growth-promoting bacteria during the growth phase of young trees. This study used three-year-old young I. polycarpa to analyze the tree's root morphology, soil, and leaf nutrient status variations from May to October. In addition, differences in the rhizosphere soil, leaf metabolites, and microorganisms were observed...

Dendrobium officinale has drawn increasing attention as a dual-use plant with herbal medicine and food applications. The efficient quality evaluation of D. officinale is essential to ensuring its nutritional and pharmaceutical value. Given that traditional analytical methods are generally time-consuming, expensive, and laborious, this study developed a rapid and efficient approach to assess the quality of D. officinale from different geographical origins by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics...

A novel coagulase-negative Staphylococcus strain (H164T ) was isolated from soymilk in Taiwan. Comparative sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the H164T strain is a member of the genus Staphylococcus . We used multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and phylogenomic analyses to demonstrate that the novel strain was closely related to Staphylococcus gallinarum , Staphylococcus nepalensis , Staphylococcus cohnii , and Staphylococcus urealyuticus . The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between H164T and its closest relatives were <95% and <70%, respectively...

A 40-year-old woman presented with mediastinitis, necrotizing pancreatitis, and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome with refractory acidemia (pH 7.14) and hypercapnia (PaCO2 115 mmHg), requiring veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Eight hours after cannulation, and rapid correction of PaCO2 to 44 mmHg, she was found to have bilaterally fixed and dilated pupils. Imaging showed a 60 mL left-sided temporoparietal intracranial hemorrhage with surrounding edema, 8 mm midline shift, intraventricular hemorrhage, and impending herniation...

BACKGROUND: St. Thomas cardioplegia is commonly administered to adults, yet repeated dosing at brief intervals is required. Del Nido's cardioplegic solution provides a prolonged duration of safe myocardial arrest, yet it was primarily intended for pediatric cardiac surgery. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in using Del Nido's in adults; this might be due to its ease of administration and extended re-dosing intervals. This study contrasted Del Nido's to modified St. Thomas cardioplegia in adults...

OBJECTIVE: Osmotherapeutic agents increase the intravascular volume by withdrawing water from the brain followed by relative hypovolemia due to diuresis leading to significant changes in systemic hemodynamics which might have adverse consequences in the elderly. We studied the effect of mannitol (20%) and hypertonic saline (3%) on left ventricle outflow tract velocity-time integral (LVOT-VTI) and cardiac output in elderly patients undergoing supratentorial neurosurgical procedures using transesophageal echocardiography...

This study investigates decompression and ejection conditions on tablet characteristics by comparing compact densities and tensile strengths made using regular rigid dies and custom-built die systems that enable triaxial decompression. Die-wall pressure evolution during decompression and ejection stresses did not meaningfully impact the density and tensile strength of the materials tested: microcrystalline cellulose, crystalline lactose monohydrate, and mannitol. Furthermore, the apparent differences in tensile strength between rectangular cuboids and cylindrical compacts are unrelated to decompression and ejection conditions, but rather a consequence of their shapes and of the test configurations...

BACKGROUND: Maize is a major cereal crop world widely, however, the yield of maize is frequently limited by dehydration and even death of plants, which resulted from osmotic stress such as drought and salinity. Dissection of molecular mechanisms controlling stress tolerance will enable plant scientists and breeders to increase crops yield by manipulating key regulatory components. METHODS: The candidate OSR1 gene was identified by map-based cloning. The expression level of OSR1 was verified by qRT-PCR and digital PCR in WT and osr1 mutant...

BACKGROUND: Whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) can cause paradoxical herniation is still unclear. CASE SUMMARY: A 65-year-old patient who was comatose due to brain trauma underwent decompressive craniotomy and gradually regained consciousness after surgery. HBOT was administered 22 d after surgery due to speech impairment. Paradoxical herniation appeared on the second day after treatment, and the patient's condition worsened after receiving mannitol treatment at the rehabilitation hospital...

BACKGROUND/AIM: We aimed to construct a validated nomogram model for predicting short-term (28-day) ischemic stroke mortality among critically ill populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected raw data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database, a comprehensive repository renowned for its depth and breadth in critical care information. Subsequently, a rigorous analytical framework was employed, incorporating a 10-fold cross-validation procedure to ensure robustness and reliability...

Diabetic-metabolic syndrome (MetS-D) has a high prevalence worldwide, in which an association with the rupture of the intestinal epithelium barrier function (IEBF) has been pointed out, but the functional and morphological properties are still not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of acute hyperglycemia diabetes on intestinal tight junction proteins, metabolic failure, intestinal ion and water transports, and IEBF parameters. Diabetes was induced in male Rattus norvegicus (200-310 g) with 0...

INTRODUCTION: Stunting is a major public health issue with a significant influence on the health and development of children in low-income countries, where it affects up to 32% of children. Nutritional intake is impacted by alterations in intestinal permeability and underlying chronic inflammation, which hinder children's normal linear growth. Environmental enteropathy is a poorly understood condition with chronic intestinal inflammation. The purpose of this study was to identify the magnitude of stunting, change in growth, and factors associated with stunting and change in height for the age Z-score of children with an elevated lactulose-to-mannitol ratio...

BACKGROUND: Vibrio cholerae can endure harsh environmental conditions by transitioning into viable but non-culturable (VBNC) form and resuscitate upon return of appropriate conditions. METHOD: In this study, we assessed the impact of physicochemical and microbiological factors, on the development of low temperature-induced VBNC state and subsequent recovery by temperature upshift. RESULTS: In estuarine water, Vibrio cholerae exhibits a slower decline in culturability over a period of 77 days as compared to 10 days in fresh water...

Gluten-free foods (GF) availability on supermarket shelves is growing and it is expected to continue expanding in the years ahead. These foods have been linked to a lower content of fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs), molecules that trigger gastrointestinal symptoms in sensitive persons. In this study, the FODMAP content of 25 cereal-based GF foods in Spain (breakfast cereals, pasta, bread, biscuits, bakery products, and dough and puff pastry) and 25 gluten-containing equivalents (GC) available in the same supermarket were analysed and compared...

Open biomass burning (BB) events are a well-known primary aerosol source, resulting in the emission of significant amount of gaseous and particulate matter and affecting Earth's radiation budget. The 2019-2020 summer, known as "Australian Black Summer", showed exceptional duration and intensity of seasonal wildfires, triggered by high temperatures and severe droughts. Since increasing megafires are predicted due to expected climate changes, it is critical to study the impact of BB aerosol on a large scale and evaluate related transport processes...

BACKGROUND: In Ethiopia, milk production and handling practices often lack proper hygiene measures, leading to the potential contamination of milk and milk products with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), including methicillin-resistant strains, posing significant public health concerns. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and presence of resistance genes in S. aureus strains isolated from milk and milk products. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Arsi highlands, Oromia, Ethiopia from March 2022 to February 2023...

This research work aimed to develop and evaluate proniosomes for the oral delivery of the lipophilic drug Irbesartan (IRB) to improve its solubility and bioavailability. Proniosomes of Irbesartan were formulated using a lipid, surfactant, and carrier by a slurry method. Based on the prepared preliminary trial batches and their evaluation, the formulation was optimized by employing a Box-Behnken design (BBD) in which concentrations of span 60 ( X 1 ), cholesterol ( X 2 ), and mannitol ( X 3 ) were used as three independent variables and the vesicular size (VS) ( Y 1 ), % entrapment efficiency (% EE) ( Y 2 ), and % cumulative drug release (% CDR) ( Y 3 ) were used as dependent variables...