cardiac flow rate

OBJECTIVES: Cardiopulmonary and infectious complications are more common in preterm newborns after preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM). Fetal echocardiography may be helpful in predicting neonatal condition. Our aim was to assess the cardiovascular changes in fetuses from pregnancies complicated by pPROM and possible utility in predicting the intrauterine or neonatal infection, and neonatal heart failure (HF). METHODS: It was a prospective study enrolling 46 women with singleton pregnancies complicated by pPROM between 18+0 and 33+6 weeks of gestation and followed until delivery...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Left atrial appendage electrical isolation (LAAEI) has demonstrated a significant enhancement in the success rate of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Nevertheless, concerns persist about the safety of LAAEI, particularly regarding alterations in left atrial appendage (LAA) flow velocity and the potential risks of thrombus. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of LAAEI, investigating changes in LAA flow velocity in canines. METHODS: The study comprised a total of ten canines...

Currently, clinically available coronary CT angiography (CCTA) derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) is time-consuming and complex. We propose a novel artificial intelligence-based fully-automated, on-site CT-FFR technology, which combines the automated coronary plaque segmentation and luminal extraction model with reduced order 3 dimentional (3D) computational fluid dynamics. A total of 463 consecutive patients with 600 vessels from the updated China CT-FFR study in Cohort 1 undergoing both CCTA and invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR) within 90 d were collected for diagnostic performance evaluation...

BACKGROUND: The likelihood of return of spontaneous circulation with conventional advanced life support is known to have an exponential decline and therefore neurological outcome after 20 min in patients with a cardiac arrest is poor. Initiation of venoarterial ExtraCorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) during resuscitation might improve outcomes if used in time and in a selected patient category. However, previous studies have failed to significantly reduce the time from cardiac arrest to ECMO flow to less than 60 min...

INTRODUCTION: Although cardiopulmonary bypass procedures remain a critical treatment option for heart disease, they come with risks, including hemorrhage. Tranexamic acid is known to reduce morbidity and mortality in surgical hemorrhage. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid, which is routinely used to treat hemorrhage, in decreasing the amount of intraoperative and postoperative drainage. METHOD: A total of 80 patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were included in this retrospective study...

INTRODUCTION: Cardiac surgery is a frequent surgical procedure and may present a high risk of complications. Among the prophylactic strategies studied to decrease the rates of negative outcomes, respiratory care seems to reduce pulmonary complications. Incentive spirometry (IS) is a low-cost, respiratory exercise technique, used for the prevention and treatment of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC). The aim of this review was to evaluate whether IS is superior to respiratory care, mobilization exercises, and noninvasive ventilation on PPC, and clinical outcomes...

BACKGROUND: Data on the likelihood of left ventricle (LV) recovery in patients with severe LV dysfunction and severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and its prognostic value are limited. AIMS: We aimed to assess the likelihood of LV recovery following TAVI, examine its association with midterm mortality, and identify independent predictors of LV function. METHODS: In our multicentre registry of 17 TAVI centres in Western Europe and Israel, patients were stratified by baseline LV function (ejection fraction [EF] >/≤30%) and LV response: no LV recovery, LV recovery (EF increase ≥10%), and LV normalisation (EF ≥50% post-TAVI)...

In cardiac nuclear medicine examinations, absorption in the body is the main factor in the degradation of the image quality. The Chang and external source methods were used to correct for absorption in the body. However, fundamental studies on attenuation correction for electrocardiogram (ECG)-synchronized CT imaging have not been performed. Therefore, we developed and improved an ECG-synchronized cardiac dynamic phantom and investigated the synchronized time-phase-gated attenuation correction (STPGAC) method using ECG-synchronized SPECT and CT images of the same time phase...

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common cardiac congenital abnormality with a high rate of concomitant aortic valve and ascending aorta (AAo) pathologic changes throughout the patient's lifetime. The etiology of BAV-related aortopathy was historically believed to be genetic. However, recent studies theorize that adverse hemodynamics secondary to BAVs also contribute to aortopathy, but their precise role, specifically, that of wall shear stress (WSS) magnitude and directionality remains controversial...

Rotary blood pumps (RBPs) operating at a constant speed generate non-physiologic blood pressure and flow rate, which can cause endothelial dysfunction, leading to adverse clinical events in peripheral blood vessels and other organs. Notably, pulsatile working modes of the RBP can increase vascular pulsatility to improve arterial endothelial function. However, the laws and related mechanisms of differentially regulating arterial endothelial function under different pulsatile working modes are still unclear. This knowledge gap hinders the optimal selection of the RBP working modes...

BACKGROUND: Recently, the American Heart Association released a statement calling for research examining the appropriate age to transition from the neonatal to pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation approach to resuscitation. AIM: To compare neonatal and pediatric resuscitation approach by using either continuous chest compression with asynchronized ventilation (CCaV) or continuous chest compression superimposed with sustained inflation (CC + SI) during infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation...

BACKGROUND: Elevated mortality rates in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are partly due to adverse remodeling of multiple organs, which may lead to cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, kidney failure, or other conditions. MetS symptoms, such as obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, associated with insulin and leptin resistance, are recognized as major cardiovascular risk factors that adversely affect the heart. SUMMARY: Pathological cardiac remodeling is accompanied by endothelial cell dysfunction which may result in diminished coronary flow, dysregulated oxygen demand/supply balance, as well as vessel rarefaction...

Sinus venosus atrial septal defects (SVASDs), concurrent with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections (PAPVCs), are a rare congenital heart disease in dogs. Surgical correction is essential when clinical signs or significant hemodynamic changes are present. We aimed to report on the successful surgical correction of an SVASD with PAPVCs, using a computed tomography (CT)-based customized 3D cardiac model. A 10-month-old male poodle was referred for corrective surgery for an ASD. Echocardiography confirmed a hemodynamically significant left-to-right shunting flow through an interatrial septal defect and severe right-sided heart volume overload...

INTRODUCTION: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) may improve survival in refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) but also expand the donor pool as these patients often become eligible for organ donation. Our aim is to describe the impact of organ donation in OHCA patients treated with ECPR in a high-volume cardiac arrest centre. METHODS: Rate of organ donation (primary outcome), organs harvested, a composite of patient survival with favourable neurological outcome or donation of ≥ 1 solid organ (ECPR benefit), and the potential total number of individuals benefiting from ECPR (survivors with favourable neurological outcome and potential recipients of one solid organ) were analysed among all-rhythms refractory OHCA patients treated with ECPR between January 2013-November 2022 at San Raffaele Hospital in Milan, Italy...

BACKGROUND: Delayed cord clamping is the standard of care for both term and preterm infants worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 60-second or 180-second delayed cord clamping during labor on cerebral oxygenation and cardiac function. METHODS: Healthy newborns were divided into two groups: a 60-second delay in cord clamping (60-s DCC) and a 180-second delay in cord clamping (180-s DCC) at birth. Pulse oximetry and cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy (cNIRS) probes were placed during postnatal care...

BACKGROUND: Cardiac donation after circulatory death is a promising option to increase graft availability. Graft preservation with 30 minutes of hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) before normothermic machine perfusion may improve cardiac recovery as compared with cold static storage, the current clinical standard. We investigated the role of preserved nitric oxide synthase activity during HOPE on its beneficial effects. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using a rat model of donation after circulatory death, hearts underwent in situ ischemia (21 minutes), were explanted for a cold storage period (30 minutes), and then reperfused under normothermic conditions (60 minutes) with left ventricular loading...

BACKGROUND: Myocardial flow reserve (MFR) by positron emission tomography (PET) is a validated measure of cardiovascular risk. Elevated resting rate pressure product (RPP = heart rate x systolic blood pressure) can cause high resting myocardial blood flow (MBF), resulting in reduced MFR despite normal/near-normal peak stress MBF. When resting MBF is high, it is not known if RPP-corrected MFR (MFRcorrected) helps reclassify CV risk. We aimed to study this question in patients without obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD)...

AIM: To report the clinical outcomes of thoracoscopic left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) with the AtriClip PRO2 device (Atricure Inc, Mason, OH, USA). Stroke risk reduction with LAAO in patients with atrial fibrillation is now well-established. Many surgical and percutaneous techniques have been used, with varying rates of success. The percutaneous devices have had issues with procedural complications and peridevice flow. Thoracoscopic AtriClip offers an epicardial linear closure of the appendage at its ostium...

Background: Congestion is associated with poor prognosis in cardiac amyloidosis (CA). The cardio-hepatic interaction and the prognostic impact of secondary liver affection by cardiac congestion in CA are poorly understood and require further characterisation. Methods: Participants of the amyloidosis cohort study AmyKoS at the Interdisciplinary Amyloidosis Centre of Northern Bavaria with proven transthyretin (ATTR-CA) and light chain CA (AL-CA) underwent serial work-up including laboratory tests, echocardiography, and in-depth hepatic assessment by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) and 13 C-methacetin breath test...

INTRODUCTION: Epinephrine has been the main drug recommended for decades during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). But epinephrine's ß-adrenergic effects might increase myocardial oxygen consumption and may cause arrythmias after ROSC. Norepinephrine has a weaker ß-adrenergic effect and could be useful during CPR. Studies on norepinephrine's effect on hemodynamic parameters and cerebral perfusion are scarce. This study aimed to assess norepinephrine's hemodynamic impact in an experimental model of cardiac arrest...