Dynamometry

OBJECTIVES: Therapeutic advances in the management of osteoporosis and sarcopenia have occurred at different rates over the last 2 decades. Here we examine associations between grip strength and BMD with subsequent all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a UK community-dwelling cohort. METHODS: Data from 495 men and 414 women from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study were analysed. Grip strength was assessed by grip dynamometry, femoral neck BMD was ascertained using DXA and deaths were recorded from baseline (1998-2004) until 31 December 2018...

This study aimed to examine the temporal dynamics of muscle-tendon adaptation and whether differences between their sensitivity to mechano-metabolic stimuli would lead to non-uniform changes within the triceps surae (TS) muscle-tendon unit (MTU). Twelve young adults completed a 12-week training intervention of unilateral isometric cyclic plantarflexion contractions at 80% of maximal voluntary contraction until failure to induce a high TS activity and hence metabolic stress. Each participant trained one limb at a short (plantarflexed position, 115°: PF) and the other at a long (dorsiflexed position, 85°: DF) MTU length to vary the mechanical load...

Evaluation of muscle strength imbalance can be an important element in optimizing the training process of soccer players. The purpose of the study was to examine isokinetic peak torque (PT) and total work (TW) exerted by both knee extensors (quadriceps or Q) and flexors (hamstrings or H), intra-limb imbalance and the magnitude and direction of inter-limb asymmetry in top elite senior (n = 109) and junior (n = 74) soccer players. An isokinetic dynamometry was used to measure maximum peak torque of quadriceps (PT-Q) and hamstrings (PT-H) at an angular velocity of 60° ·s-1, as well as the total work for extensors (TW-Q) and flexors (TW-H) at an angular velocity of 240° ·s-1 in the dominant (DL) and non-dominant leg (NDL) during concentric muscle contraction...

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is a condition of the female reproductive system associated with pelvic pain. Chronic pain can affect physical performance by limiting the functional activities, thus, it is hypothesized that women with endometriosis may also present decreased functional capacity, decreased strength, and mobility. The objective of this study is to compare physical performance in women with and without endometriosis. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study composed of 115 women equally divided into two groups: the endometriosis group (EG), composed of women with a confirmed diagnosis of the disease by magnetic resonance imaging, and the comparator group (CG), consisting of women without suspicion of the disease...

The aim of this review is to evaluate existing isokinetic testing protocols for the shoulder in tactical occupations, document their shoulder strength profiles, and determine any associations to shoulder injury. Four electronic databases were searched (Medline/Pubmed, Ovid/Emcare, CINAHL/Ebsco and Embase) using the keywords police OR law enforcement, firefighter, military, AND isokinetic. Articles were eligible if they had at least one cohort of a tactical population and included isokinetic testing of the glenohumeral joint...

Outdoor gait-training has been successful in improving pain and reducing contact time during outdoor running for runners with exercise-related lower leg pain (ERLLP). However, it is unclear if these adaptations translate to gold standard treadmill running and clinical strength assessments. The study purpose was to assess the influence of a 4-week outdoor gait-training intervention with home exercises (FBHE) on treadmill running biomechanics and lower extremity strength compared to home exercises alone (HE) among runners with ERLLP...

Two long-distance runners developed MTSS (male age=26.3 years, female age=47.5 years) after baseline assessment of plantar flexor muscle structure and function and spatiotemporal running variables. B-mode ultrasound and lean leg girth characterized plantar flexor muscle structure. Hand-held dynamometry and a single-leg heel raise to failure protocol characterized plantar flexor muscle function. Finally, spatiotemporal running variables were determined during a treadmill protocol. The two runners who developed MTSS demonstrated less plantar flexor strength and endurance capacity than published comparative control data and marked variability in muscle structure...

BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that a reduced plasma concentration of the amino acid glycine (Gly) is associated with intra-abdominal obesity, but the mechanism remains unclear. The study aimed to investigate whether lower Gly concentrations in older adults are independently associated with (visceral) adiposity, age, sex, presence of chronic disease, and glucose intolerance, and whether they are caused by a reduced whole-body production (WBP) and/or increased Gly disposal capacity...

BACKGROUND: Rotator cuff tears are a common musculoskeletal condition which can lead to functional limitations and impairments in quality of life. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of arthroscopic repair surgery on isokinetic muscle function before and 6-months after surgery. Additionally, the mediating effects of tear type, tear size and tendon retraction were examined. METHODS: Data from n = 67 patients (56 ± 9 years) with full-thickness rotator cuff tears were analyzed...

McGrath, R, McGrath, BM, Jurivich, D, Knutson, P, Mastrud, M, Singh, B, and Tomkinson, GR. Collective weakness is associated with time to mortality in Americans. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-Using new weakness cutpoints individually may help estimate time to mortality, but their collective use could improve value. We sought to determine the associations of (a) each absolute and body size normalized cut point and (b) collective weakness on time to mortality in Americans. The analytic sample included 14,178 subjects aged ≥50 years from the 2006-2018 waves of the Health and Retirement Study...

Background : Previous research has established good test-retest reliability for isokinetic dynamometry in fibromyalgia. However, the reliability of this test under dual-task conditions has not been investigated in fibromyalgia. Methods : A total of 10 women with fibromyalgia participated in this study. Participants completed the concentric/concentric test. The dual-task condition involved subtracting two by two while performing the test. Results : Reliability analysis under the single condition showed "poor" to "excellent" values for maximum peak torque in knee extension and "moderate" to "excellent" values for average...

PURPOSE: This study is to investigate the increase in retinal venous pressure (RVP) induced by a stepwise increase in airway pressure (AirP) using the new IOPstim method, which is designed to artificially increase the intraocular pressure (IOP) and thus to stimulate vascular pulsation. METHODS: Twenty-eight healthy subjects were examined in the left eye. The RVP was measured at baseline and at four different levels of AirP (10, 20, 30, and 40 mmHg) using the new IOPstim method: a half balloon of 8 mm diameter is inflated laterally to the cornea under observation of the central retinal vein...

BACKGROUND: The multifinger force deficit (MFFD) is the decline in force generated by each finger as the number of fingers contributing to an action is increased. It has been shown to associate with cognitive status. AIMS: The aim was to establish whether a particularly challenging form of multifinger grip dynamometry, that provides minimal tactile feedback via cutaneous receptors and requires active compensation for reaction forces, will yield an MFFD that is more sensitive to cognitive status...

OBJECTIVES: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) declines with advancing and has also, independent of age, been shown to be predictive of all-cause mortality, morbidity, and poor clinical outcomes. In relation to the older patient, there is a particular wealth of evidence highlighting the relationship between low CRF and poor surgical outcomes. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is accepted as the gold-standard measure of CRF. However, this form of assessment has significant personnel and equipment demands and is not feasible for those with certain age-associated physical limitations, including joint and cardiovascular comorbidities...

BACKGROUND: Improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) have been shown to largely attenuate the negative health risks associated with obesity. To date, literature on women with obesity has focused upon the evaluation of aerobic-based exercise interventions. Hence, there is a need to evaluate resistance and combined interventions with this cohort. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of three exercise modalities in women with obesity for improving CRF, strength, body composition and other health outcomes...

CONTEXT: The hamstrings are the most commonly injured muscle in sports and are especially injury prone in lengthened positions. Measuring knee muscle strength in such positions could be relevant to establish injury risk. Handheld dynamometry has been shown to be a valid, reliable, and practical tool to measure isometric muscle strength clinically. The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the assessment of isometric knee muscle strength with a handheld dynamometer (HHD) at various muscle lengths, by modifying the hip and knee angles during testing...

Muscle strength is routinely measured in patients with neuromuscular disorders by hand-held dynamometry incorporating a wireless load cell to evaluate disease severity and therapeutic efficacy, with magnitude of effect often based on normative reference values. While several hand-held dynamometers exist, their interchangeability is unknown which limits the utility of normative data. We investigated the variability between six commercially available dynamometers for measuring the isometric muscle strength of four muscle groups in thirty healthy individuals...

Adolescent childbirth is associated with worse physical function over the long-term. Differential loss of muscle strength during pregnancy and postpartum for adolescents compared to adults may be one explanation for this, but research examining these differences is lacking. The objective of this study as to assess hand grip strength and hip adduction muscle strength in adolescents and adults during pregnancy and postpartum. A prospective cohort study was carried out with adolescent (13 to 18 years) and adult (23 to 28 years) primigravid women...

Findings are inconsistent with regards to whether menstrual cycle phase-associated changes in physical functioning exist. It is possible that such discrepancies are due to varying rigour in experimental approaches. The current study aimed to systematically evaluate any effect of carefully tracked menstrual cycle phase on precisely measured muscle structure and function in a physically active group (contemporary dancers). Eleven women aged (M [SD]) 23.5 [2.94] years, undergoing 10.5 [1.73] hours of contemporary dance practice and 6...

PURPOSE: This study examined the benefits of an 11-months multicomponent exercise program (MEP) on muscular strength (MS) after bariatric surgery. METHODS: Of the 84 randomized patients, 41 participants from the exercise group (EG) and 20 participants from the control group (CG) were included in the analysis. The EG received supervised MEP for 11 months, starting 1-month post-bariatric surgery (BS) in addition to standard medical care, while the CG received medical care recommendations only...