Kidney disease progression

To identify risk factors for COVID-19 infection and investigate the impact of COVID-19 infection on chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and vasculitis flare in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). This cohort study retrospectively analyzed the prevalence and severity of COVID-19 infection in 276 patients with AAV who were followed up. Logistic regression was employed to estimate the risk of COVID-19 infection as well as CKD progression and vasculitis flare upon COVID-19 infection...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a chronic and progressive systemic condition that characterizes irreversible alterations in the kidneys' function and structure over an extended period, spanning months to years. CKD is the one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. However, very limited treatment options are available in the market for management of the CKD. Diabetes and hypertension are the key risk factors for the progression of CKD. It is majorly characterised by glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis...

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is an uncommon disorder that mainly involves the upper and lower respiratory tract and kidney, presenting as sinusitis, saddle nose, otitis media, pulmonary nodule and cavity, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. It also affects skin, eye, heart, joint and nervous system. Renal involvement in GPA is commonly manifested as necrotising glomerulonephritis, while renal mass is very rare. We herein present two hospitalised cases with fever, pulmonary cavity and renal mass...

OBJECTIVES: This study undertook a scoping review of research on blood fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) concentrations in healthy non-azotemic cats and cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to describe the volume and nature of existing literature, to determine whether published studies provide adequate evidence to support the use of FGF-23 as a biomarker in clinical practice and to identify any existing gaps in knowledge. METHODS: PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines were used to design and perform the scoping review...

BACKGROUND: Guidelines suggest that adults with diabetes and kidney disease receive treatment with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB). This is an update of a Cochrane review published in 2006. OBJECTIVES: We compared the efficacy and safety of ACEi and ARB therapy (either as monotherapy or in combination) on cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in adults with diabetes and kidney disease. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Kidney and Transplants Register of Studies to 17 March 2024 through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review...

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) lacks effective treatments and renal fibrosis (RF) is one of CKD's outcomes. Dickkopf 3 (DKK3) has been identified as an agonist in CKD. However, the underlying mechanisms of DKK3 in CKD are not fully understood. METHODS: H2 O2 -treated HK-2 cells and ureteric obstruction (UUO) mice were used as RF models. Biomarkers, Masson staining, PAS staining, and TUNEL were used to assess kidney function and apoptosis. Oxidative stress and mitochondria function were also evaluated...

Over recent years, the nomenclature of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has undergone significant changes. Indeed, in 2020, an expert consensus panel proposed the term "Metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease" (MAFLD) to underscore the close association of fatty liver with metabolic abnormalities, thereby highlighting the cardiometabolic risks (such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease) faced by these patients since childhood. More recently, this term has been further replaced with metabolic associated steatotic liver disease...

According to the report from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection exceeded 1.2 million individuals by the year 2022, with an annual increase of about 80000 cases. The overall prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen among individuals co-infected with HIV reached 13.7%, almost twice the rate of the general population in China. In addition to the well-documented susceptibility to opportunistic infections and new malignancies, HIV infected patients frequently experience liver-related organ damage, with the liver and kidneys being the most commonly affected...

BACKGROUND: While the utility of beta-2 microglobulin (β2M) has been explored in various renal conditions to identify tubulointerstitial damage, it has not been adequately studied in nephrotic syndrome. The primary objective of the study was to compare urinary β2M levels in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) in disease remission. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was done at a tertiary care hospital between April 2019 and March 2020...

Karyomegalic interstitial nephritis is a rare progressive renal disease. We report a 36-year-old male patient who developed kidney failure due to this condition, underwent kidney transplantation from his sister, and developed the same condition in the graft. Genetic testing of the donor revealed autosomal recessive compound heterozygous mutation of Fanconi anemia-associated nuclease1 ( FAN1 ) gene. Karyomegalic interstitial nephritis is most probably donor derived in our patient. It should not be mislabeled as viral nephropathy...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a significant global health concern, with renal fibrosis emerging as a prevalent and ultimate manifestation of this condition. The absence of targeted therapies presents an ongoing and substantial challenge. Accumulating evidence suggests that the integrity and functionality of mitochondria within renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) often become compromised during CKD development, playing a pivotal role in the progression of renal fibrosis. Mitophagy, a specific form of autophagy, assumes responsibility for eliminating damaged mitochondria to uphold mitochondrial equilibrium...

The 5-year survival rate of kidney cancer drops dramatically from 93% to 15% when it is metastatic. Metastasis constitutes for 30% of kidney cancer cases, in which clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prominent subtype. By sequencing mRNA of ccRCC patient samples, we found that apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) was highly expressed in tumors compared to their adjacent normal tissues. This gene has been previously identified in a large body of kidney disease research and was reported as a potential prognosis marker in many types of cancers...

INTRODUCTION: The severity of COVID-19 in the general population ranges from minimally symptomatic disease to critical illness, which may require hospitalization and progress to death. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study carried out with all positive cases of COVID-19 reported in the municipality of Foz do Iguaçu (PR) between the period from March 2020 to December 2021. Data were collected from Bank Notifies COVID-19 is the name of the information system that provides notifications by professionals of suspected and confirmed cases of the disease...

Background: To assess the efficacy of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients with acute renal failure. Materials and Methods: A retrospective single-center study included 64 patients (30 men, 34 women) with MM and kidney damage at the onset of the disease, aged 19 to 65 years (median 54), who underwent auto-HSCT from 2013 to 2019. 23 patients (36%) were dialysis-dependent at the time of diagnosis. The analysis was carried out in two groups: the "HD-" group (patients who were independent of hemodialysis during auto-HSCT, n = 54), and the "HD +" group (patients who underwent auto-HSCT while treated with programmed hemodialysis, n = 10)...

OBJECTIVE: The role of ureteroscopy in the diagnosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma is yet to be fully determined. We aimed to provide an up to date evaluation of its role and the emerging technologies in the field. METHODS: A literature search of the last two decades (from 24th May, 2001 to 24th May, 2021) was carried out identifying 147 papers for potential inclusion within this narrative review. RESULTS: Diagnostic ureteroscopy is undeniably useful in its ability to visualise and biopsy indeterminate lesions, and to risk stratify malignant lesions that may be suitable for kidney sparing surgery...

OBJECTIVE: To provide a comprehensive review on the existing literature on medical management of urolithiasis. METHODS: A thorough literature review was performed using Medline, PubMed/PMC, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to December 2022 to identify publications on the medical management of urolithiasis. Studies that assessed dietary and pharmacologic management of urolithiasis were reviewed; studies on medical expulsive therapy were not included in this review...

Alport syndrome (AS) is a progressive hereditary kidney disease characterized by hematuria, proteinuria, and progressive kidney dysfunction accompanied by sensorineural hearing loss and ocular abnormalities. Pathogenic COL4A3-5 variants can result in different AS spectra. Further, kidney cysts have been reported in adults with AS. However, the relationship between kidney cysts and AS remains unclear. Here, we report 3 cases of AS in children that occurred with kidney cysts. The patient in case 1 was initially diagnosed with IgA nephropathy at the age of 8 years but later developed bilateral multiple kidney cysts at the age of 17 years, suggesting autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease...

AIM: To examine the renal effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibition among non-diabetic individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a real-world setting. METHODS: We collected de-identified data on adults without diabetes and with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 25-60 mL/min/1.73 m2 , who initiated the SGLT2 inhibitors dapagliflozin or empagliflozin between September 2020 and November 2022 at Maccabi Healthcare Services, an Israeli health maintenance organization...

Molecular optical probes paly pivotal roles in in vivo imaging of biomarkers associated to kidney diseases. Relying on structural tunability and high fluorescence quantum yields, versatile optical probes have been constructed on cyanine or hemicyanine-based scaffold in recent years. This review summaries the recent progress on the development of optical probes for imaging of kidney diseases, particularly through near-infrared fluorescence, chemiluminescence and photoacoustic imaging modalities. The chemical design and sensing mechanisms are discussed along with applications in the detection of renal cell carcinoma and acute kidney injury...

BACKGROUND: Early risk stratification is necessary to prevent chronic kidney disease progression and complications. This systematic review aims to evaluate the association of soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2), a member of the interleukin-1 receptor family, with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease and renal function deterioration among chronic kidney disease patients. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CENTRAL and Google Scholar were systematically searched from inception to December 20, 2023...