Breast cancer melanoma

Awareness is vital for cancer prevention. US studies show a strong link between web searches and cancer incidence. In Europe, the relationship remains unclear. This study characterizes regional and temporal relationships between cancer incidence and web searches and investigates the content of searches related to breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, prostate, and testicular cancer, brain tumors, and melanoma in Germany (July 2018-December 2019). Aggregate data from Google Ads Keyword Planner and national cancer registry data were analyzed...

PURPOSE: We investigated whether pulmonary metastases from historically considered radioresistant primaries would have inferior local control after radiation therapy than those from nonradioresistant nonlung primaries, and whether higher biologically effective dose assuming alpha/beta=10 (BED10) would be associated with superior local control. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We identified patients treated with radiation therapy for oligometastatic or oligoprogressive pulmonary disease to 1 to 5 lung metastases from nonlung primaries in 2013 to 2020 at a single health care system...

Cancer remains a worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality. Investigational research efforts have included the administration of tumor-derived extracts to healthy animals. Having previously demonstrated that the administration of non-transmissible, human cancer-derived homogenates induced malignant tumors in mice, here, we examined the consequences of administering 50 or 100 µg of protein of crude homogenates from mammary carcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and melanoma samples in 6 inoculations per week during 2 months...

Negative immunoregulatory signal (PD-L1, CXCR4, et al.) and weak immunogenicity elicited immune system failing to detect and destroy cancerous cells. CXCR4 blockade promoted T cell tumor infiltration and increased tumor sensitivity to anti-PD-L1 therapy. Here, pH-responsive reassembled nanomaterials were constructed with anti-PD-L1 peptide and CXCR4 antagonists grafting (APAB), synergized with photothermal therapy for melanoma and breast tumor interference. The self-assembled APAB nanoparticles accumulated in the tumor and rapidly transformed into nanofibers in response to the acidic tumor microenvironment, leading to the exposure of grafted therapeutic agents...

Eosinophils exhibit anti-tumor cytotoxic responses in the tumor microenvironment and may contribute to tumor immunosurveillance. To assess the relationship between circulating eosinophils and cancer risk, we analyzed data from 443,542 adults aged 38-73 in the UK Biobank, who were initially cancer-free, had over a year of follow-up, and baseline white blood cell count measurements. Using multivariable Cox regression, we estimated hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for each quartile increase in absolute eosinophil count (AEC) across 58 cancer types, adjusting for relevant confounders...

Bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) bring together tumour cells and cytotoxic T cells by binding to specific cell-surface tumour antigens and T-cell receptors, and have been clinically successful for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Here we show that a BiTE-sialidase fusion protein enhances the susceptibility of solid tumours to BiTE-mediated cytolysis of tumour cells via targeted desialylation-that is, the removal of terminal sialic acid residues on glycans-at the BiTE-induced T-cell-tumour-cell interface...

Metastasis remains a major challenge in the successful management of malignant diseases. The liver is a major site of metastatic disease and a leading cause of death from gastrointestinal malignancies such as colon, stomach, and pancreatic cancers, as well as melanoma, breast cancer, and sarcoma. As an important factor that influences the development of metastatic liver cancer, alternative splicing drives the diversity of RNA transcripts and protein subtypes, which may provide potential to broaden the target space...

BACKGROUND: Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a transformative approach for treating various malignancies, including melanoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, and leukemia. Animal models have been instrumental in elucidating the mechanisms and potential of these therapies. However, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is an inherent challenge in these studies, primarily because the introduction of foreign immune cells or tissues often triggers immune responses. METHODS: A detailed systematic search was conducted across various scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science...

Coming to the edge of disease manufacturing in the twenty-first-century, breast cancer occupies a terrifying scenario in the globe, especially in adult women. Its curiosity endeavours remarkable advances made during the past decennaries for cancer treatment and diagnosis. <P></P> It accounts for the fifth leading cause of transience, killing approximately 570,000 people per annum. To reduce the prognosis of clinical oncological development with the application of a new chemical entity, some of the critical challenges, like active pharmaceutical ingredients with high chemical resistance, extreme side effects, and high treatment costs are some of the limitations in the curbing aspects of breast melanoma...

Circulating proteins can reveal key pathways to cancer and identify therapeutic targets for cancer prevention. We investigate 2,074 circulating proteins and risk of nine common cancers (bladder, breast, endometrium, head and neck, lung, ovary, pancreas, kidney, and malignant non-melanoma) using cis protein Mendelian randomisation and colocalization. We conduct additional analyses to identify adverse side-effects of altering risk proteins and map cancer risk proteins to drug targets. Here we find 40 proteins associated with common cancers, such as PLAUR and risk of breast cancer [odds ratio per standard deviation increment: 2...

BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Chemoradiotherapy is the mainstream treatment for locally advanced NPC, and chemotherapeutic drugs are an indispensable part of NPC treatment. However, the toxic side-effects of chemotherapy drugs limit their therapeutic value, and new chemotherapy drugs are urgently needed for NPC. Silvestrol, an emerging natural plant anticancer molecule, has shown promising antitumor activity in breast cancer, melanoma, liver cancer, and other tumor types by promoting apoptosis in cancer cells to a greater extent than in normal cells...

The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway plays a significant role in inhibiting, escaping from immune response, and promoting self-tolerance of the tumour. Dostarlimab is a selective humanized monoclonal antibody designed to target PD-1 and block its activity with PD-L1, which further prevents the escape of tumour cells from immune surveillance. It got accelerated approval from the FDA for treating adults with mismatch repair deficient, recurrent, or advanced endometrial cancer, and studies confirmed its beneficial effects. A recently published clinical trial reported 100% remission of advanced rectal cancer without significant side effects in the participants...

Copy number alterations (CNAs) are significant in tumor initiation and progression. Identifying these aberrations is crucial for targeted therapies and personalized cancer diagnostics. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods present advantages in scalability and cost-effectiveness, surpassing limitations associated with reference assemblies and probe capacities in traditional laboratory approaches. This retrospective study evaluated CNAs in 50 FFPE tumor samples (breast cancer, ovarian carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, and prostate carcinoma) using Illumina's TruSight Oncology 500 (TSO500) and the Affymetrix Oncoscan Molecular Inversion Probe (OS-MIP) (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA)...

Background and Objectives : Differentiating between a high-grade glioma (HGG) and solitary cerebral metastasis presents a challenge when using standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) alone. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), an advanced MRI technique, may assist in resolving this diagnostic dilemma. N-acetylaspartate (NAA), an amino acid found uniquely in the central nervous system and in high concentrations in neurons, typically suggests HGG over metastatic lesions in spectra from ring-enhancing lesions...

Betulonic acid (B(O)A) is a pentacyclic lupane-type triterpenoid that widely exists in plants. There are scientific reports indicating anticancer activity of B(O)A, as well as the amides and esters of this triterpenoid. In the first step of the study, the synthesis of novel amide derivatives of B(O)A containing an acetylenic moiety was developed. Subsequently, the medium-soluble compounds (EB171 and EB173) and the parent compound, i.e., B(O)A, were investigated for potential cytotoxic activity against breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and melanoma (C32, COLO 829 and A375) cell lines, as well as normal human fibroblasts...

Sialyltransferase-catalyzed membrane protein and lipid glycosylation plays a vital role as one of the most abundant post-translational modifications and diversification reactions in eukaryotes. However, aberrant sialylation has been associated with cancer malignancy and metastasis. Sialyltransferases thus represent emerging targets for the development of small molecule cancer drugs. Herein, we report the inhibitory effects of a recently discovered lithocholic acid derivative FCW393 on sialyltransferase catalytic activity, integrin sialyation, cancer-associated signal transduction, MDA-MB-231 and B16F10 cell migration and invasion, and in in vivo studies, on tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis...

Tipifarnib is the only targeted therapy breakthrough for HRAS -mutant ( HRAS mt) recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The molecular profiles of HRAS mt cancers are difficult to explore given the low frequency of HRAS mt. This study aims to understand the molecular co-alterations, immune profiles, and clinical outcomes of 524 HRAS mt solid tumors including urothelial carcinoma (UC), breast cancer (BC), non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), melanoma, and HNSCC. HRAS mt was most common in UC (3...

PV-10 is a 10% formulation of rose bengal sodium that has potent immunotherapeutic and anti-cancer activity against various tumors, including metastatic melanoma and refractory neuroblastoma. Currently, PV-10 is undergoing clinical testing for refractory metastatic neuroendocrine cancer and melanomas. However, preclinical investigation of PV-10 activity and its mechanisms against phenotypically and molecularly diverse adult solid tumors had not been conducted. In a panel of human cell lines derived from breast, colorectal, head and neck, and testicular cancers, we demonstrated that PV-10 induces cytotoxicity by apoptotic and autophagic pathways involving caspase-mediated PARP cleavage, downregulation of SQSTM1/p62, and upregulation of beclin-1...

This systematic review aims to evaluate the role of ultrasound (US) radiomics in assessing lymphadenopathy in patients with cancer and the ability of radiomics to predict metastatic lymph node involvement. A systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and EMBASE (Ovid) databases up to June 13, 2023. 42 articles were included in which the lymph node mass was assessed with a US exam, and the analysis was performed using radiomics methods...

Pharmacological activation of the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) pathway holds promise for increasing tumor immunogenicity and improving the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, the potency and clinical efficacy of 5'-triphosphate RNA (3pRNA) agonists of RIG-I are hindered by multiple pharmacological barriers, including poor pharmacokinetics, nuclease degradation, and inefficient delivery to the cytosol where RIG-I is localized. Here, we address these challenges through the design and evaluation of ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for the delivery of 3p-modified stem-loop RNAs (SLRs)...