Prenatal disability

This pilot and acceptability study sought to report provider acceptability and developmental concerns expressed by caregivers of children with prenatal opioid exposure using the Shared Decision-Making Tool (SDMT), an instrument created by study authors. Data were collected from five health care and early intervention providers and 83 caregivers from a medical clinic and early intervention service center. Descriptive statistics were used to identify frequency, mean level, and prioritization of developmental concerns using the SDMT, and to summarize provider acceptability about integrating the SDMT into their workflow...

Background and Purpose: The study aims to determine the experiences of Turkish mothers with physical disabilities in the care of their children and their expectations from nurses in this process and ensure the establishment of strategic recommendations for nurses in line with these expectations. Methods: This qualitative descriptive study included 21 mothers with physical disabilities of nondisabled children aged 0-18 years. Data analysis was conducted using the traditional content analysis method in the Max Qualitative Data Analysis Analytics Pro 2020 program...

OBJECTIVE: Expanding on existing research suggesting that strategies to reduce prenatal anxiety can decrease functional disability (e.g., difficulties in performing everyday activities and social participation), we examined if this effect varied by type of anxiety-producing problem (i.e., having family concerns and relationship problems versus other problems) reported during pregnancy. Further, we explored if perceived social support mediated this relationship. METHODS: We used longitudinal data on 310 anxious Pakistani women who received any psychosocial intervention sessions as part of a program that was based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy...

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) occurs in ~11% of North American pregnancies and is the most common known cause of neurodevelopmental disabilities such as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD; ~2-5% prevalence). PAE has been consistently associated with smaller gray matter volumes in children, adolescents, and adults. A small number of longitudinal studies show altered gray matter development trajectories in late childhood/early adolescence, but patterns in early childhood and potential sex differences have not been characterized in young children...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential association between prenatal opioid exposure and the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders in children. DESIGN: Nationwide birth cohort study. SETTING: From 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2020, birth cohort data of pregnant women in South Korea linked to their liveborn infants from the National Health Insurance Service of South Korea were collected. PARTICIPANTS: All 3 251 594 infants (paired mothers, n=2 369 322; age 32...

OBJECTIVE: To identify brain edema in fetuses with Chiari II malformation using a multiparametric approach including structural T2-weighted, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics, and MRI-based radiomics. METHODS: A single-center retrospective review of MRI scans obtained in fetuses with Chiari II was performed. Brain edema cases were radiologically identified using the following MR criteria: brain parenchymal T2 prolongation, blurring of lamination, and effacement of external CSF spaces...

Invasive prenatal testing, amniocentesis, and chorionic villus sampling offer insights into fetal genetic integrity and health, but carry inevitable minor risks of miscarriage and infection, thus complicating the decision-making process for parents. Previous research has revealed several factors that influence the decision to undergo invasive prenatal testing, including demographic, clinical, and psychological aspects, and attitudes towards testing. Informed choice, involving understanding options and aligning them with personal values, is crucial, with healthcare providers playing a key role in offering unbiased information...

Inhibitory control plays an important role in children's cognitive and socioemotional development, including their psychopathology. It has been established that contextual factors such as socioeconomic status (SES) and parents' psychopathology are associated with children's inhibitory control. However, the relations between the neural correlates of inhibitory control and contextual factors have been rarely examined in longitudinal studies. In the present study, we used both event-related potential (ERP) components and time-frequency measures of inhibitory control to evaluate the neural pathways between contextual factors, including prenatal SES and maternal psychopathology, and children's behavioral and emotional problems in a large sample of children ( N = 560; 51...

The adverse use of alcohol is a serious global public health problem. Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy usually causes prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) in the developing fetus, leading to a spectrum of disorders known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and even fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) throughout the lifelong sufferers. The prevalence of FASD is approximately 7.7 per 1,000 worldwide, and is even higher in developed regions. Generally, Ethanol in alcoholic beverages can impair embryonic neurological development through multiple pathways leading to FASD...

INTRODUCTION: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a nonprogressive movement disorder resulting from prenatal or perinatal brain injury that benefits from early diagnosis and intervention. The timing of early CP diagnosis remains controversial, necessitating analysis of clinical features in a substantial cohort. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records from a university hospital, focusing on children aged >24 months or followed up for ≥24 months, and adhered to the International classification of diseases-10 for diagnosis and Subtyping...

BACKGROUND: The prognostic relevance of fetal/early postnatal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI) isolated "minor" lesions in congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is still unclear, because of the heterogeneity of previously reported case series. The aim of this study was to report the imaging and long-term clinical follow-up data on a relatively large cohort of infected fetuses. METHODS: Among 140 CMV-infected fetuses from a single-center 12-year-long fetal MRI database, cases that showed isolated "minor" lesions at MRI, mainly represented by polar temporal lesions, were selected...

Mercury (Hg) is one of the most widespread pollutants that pose serious threats to public health and the environment. People are inevitably exposed to Hg via different routes, such as respiration, dermal contact, drinking or diet. Hg poisoning could cause gingivitis, inflammation, vomiting and diarrhea, respiratory distress or even death. Especially during the developmental stage, there is considerable harm to the brain development of young children, causing serious symptoms such as intellectual disability and motor impairments, and delayed neural development...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate sickness benefits following delivery in mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and mothers without SLE. METHOD: SLE and non-SLE mothers, matched by age and month of delivery, with a singleton liveborn (2004-2008), were identified from the Swedish Lupus Linkage cohort. Work loss (sum of sick leave and disability pension) was studied from 1 year prenatally to 3 years postpartum. Adjusted logistic regression models of covariates associated with > 30 days of work loss in the first and second years postpartum were estimated in SLE mothers...

Children with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) have high rates of sleep disturbance and marked difficulties with executive functioning (EF). Sleep disturbance has been associated with poorer EF across development in typically developing children. The contribution of insomnia symptoms and nightmares to EF difficulties in children with PAE and FASD is unclear. The current study examined whether caregiver-reported insomnia symptoms and nightmares predicted difficulties with EF in children with PAE who were assessed at FASD diagnostic clinics...

BACKGROUND: Extremely premature infants (EPIs) are those less than 32 weeks of gestational age. Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal death and poor prognosis, accounting for 25% of neonatal deaths, with extremely premature births accounting for 50% of all premature deaths. Continuous quality improvement (CQI) improves patient outcomes by changing and optimizing clinical practice including increasing participation of neonatologists in prenatal consultation, maintenance of normal body temperature in preterm infants, early use of pulmonary surfactant, reduction of mechanical ventilation time and intensive breastfeeding to reduce clinically avoidable adverse events...

BACKGROUND: Although acetaminophen is widely used in women during pregnancy, its safety has not been clearly stated. The study aimed to investigate the association between acetaminophen use and adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women in China. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study by collecting data on pregnant women who delivered in the Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from January 2018 to September 2023. An acetaminophen use group and a control group were formed based on prenatal exposure to acetaminophen...

IMPORTANCE: Several studies suggest that acetaminophen (paracetamol) use during pregnancy may increase risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children. If true, this would have substantial implications for management of pain and fever during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations of acetaminophen use during pregnancy with children's risk of autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and intellectual disability. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This nationwide cohort study with sibling control analysis included a population-based sample of 2 480 797 children born in 1995 to 2019 in Sweden, with follow-up through December 31, 2021...

This study has followed a birth cohort for over 20 years to find factors associated with neurodevelopmental disorder (ND) diagnosis. Detailed, early-life longitudinal questionnaires captured infection and antibiotic events, stress, prenatal factors, family history, and more. Biomarkers including cord serum metabolome and lipidome, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype, infant microbiota, and stool metabolome were assessed. Among the 16,440 Swedish children followed across time, 1,197 developed an ND. Significant associations emerged for future ND diagnosis in general and for specific ND subtypes, spanning intellectual disability, speech disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism...

INTRODUCTION: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a chronic, recurrent, and highly prevalent disease that is associated with significant functional disability. During pregnancy, the prevalence of the disease is approximately 20%, with 12% of these, requiring treatment to avoid important negative consequences for the mother-baby binomial. Risk-benefit assessment of the use of antidepressants during pregnancy is mandatory, in addition to knowledge of the long-term effects of prenatal exposure to these drugs in the offspring...

Oculocerebrorenal syndrome (Lowe syndrome) is a rare X-linked disorder affecting 1/500,000 males that most frequently affects the eyes, central nervous system, and kidneys. Phenotypic presentation includes congenital cataracts, developmental delay, intellectual disability, and Fanconi-type renal dysfunction. Lowe Syndrome is caused by hemizygous loss of function variants in the OCRL gene. While individuals may live into the third and fourth decade of life, some will die in the first few years of either renal failure or infection...