Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy and is the leading cause of preventable irreversible blindness worldwide. Glaucoma causes progressive visual field loss and can have significant implications on the patient's quality of life. Lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only treatment proven to prevent vision loss from glaucoma. It is achieved using medication, laser treatment and surgery. The treatment paradigm of glaucoma has been one whereby surgical intervention has been left for advanced cases due to a variety of reasons, mainly concerning safety and long term success...

Ophthalmology is a broad branch of medicine, which includes an extensive range of sub-specialties on one hand, and interfaces with other fields of medicine on the other. This issue contains papers from different sub-specialties of ophthalmology, that together cover several of the most important issues in this field. These papers present the topics in a manner compatible with the wide readership of the journal, and touch upon the most current updates and innovations. The original articles in this issue deal with treatments for the prevention of myopia progression in children, treatment of complicated cases of retinal detachment in children, ocular manifestations of vascular abnormalities in patients with coronavirus, and a series of patients with corneal damage due to ultraviolet-C (UVC) lamps intended to clear the air of this virus...

OBJECTIVE: Assessment of damage accrual over time is important for evaluating and comparing long-term results of treatment modalities and strategies. Retrospective studies may be useful for assessing long-term damage, especially in rare diseases. We aimed to validate Behçet's Syndrome Overall Damage Index (BODI) for use in retrospective studies by evaluating its construct validity, reliability, and feasibility in retrospectively collected data. Additionally, we aimed to determine missing items by evaluating Behçet's syndrome patients with different types of organ involvement and long-term follow-up...

In general, it is difficult to visualize internal ocular structure and detect a lesion such as a cataract or glaucoma using the current ultrasound brightness-mode (B-mode) imaging. This is because the internal structure of the eye is rich in moisture, resulting in a lack of contrast between tissues in the B-mode image, and the penetration depth is low due to the attenuation of the ultrasound wave. In this study, the entire internal ocular structure of a bovine eye was visualized in an ex vivo environment using the compound acoustic radiation force impulse (CARFI) imaging scheme based on the phase-inverted ultrasound transducer (PIUT)...

This study assessed the prevalence of myopia, cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration among Koreans over 40, utilizing data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII, 2018). We analyzed 204,973 adults (44% men, 56% women; mean age 58.70 ± 10.75 years), exploring the association between myopia and these eye diseases through multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for confounders and calculating adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)...

Alterations in intraocular and external pressure critically involve the pathogenesis of glaucoma, traumatic retinal injury (TRI), and other retinal disorders, and retinal neurons have been reported to express multiple mechanical-sensitive channels (MSCs) in recent decades. However, the role of MSCs in visual functions and pressure-related retinal conditions has been unclear. This review will focus on the variety and functional significance of the MSCs permeable to K+ , Na+ , and Ca2+ , primarily including the big potassium channel (BK); the two-pore domain potassium channels TRAAK and TREK; Piezo; the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC); and the transient receptor potential channels vanilloid TRPV1, TRPV2, and TRPV4 in retinal photoreceptors, bipolar cells, horizontal cells, amacrine cells, and ganglion cells...

Objective : The aim of this study was to synthesize the available evidence on the clinical efficacy of different relaxation exercises on intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction. Methods : A systemic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science was undertaken from the earliest record to 10 April 2024. Peer-reviewed studies that reported on healthy individuals and glaucoma patients engaging in relaxation exercises for at least three weeks were included. The primary outcome was changes in IOP levels from baseline, before the commencement of relaxation exercises, to post-exercise...

Background: This study aimed to compare keratometry and anterior chamber depth (ACD) changes after XEN implantation in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) cases over a 3-month follow-up period. Methods: Twenty patients with POAG who underwent XEN63 implantation, either standalone or combined with cataract surgery, were included. Preoperative data, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refraction, gonioscopy, ophthalmoscopy, intraocular pressure (IOP) evaluation, and axial length, were collected. Corneal topography and ACD measurements were assessed preoperatively and at postoperative days 1, 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90...

Visual field (VF) testing dates back to fifth century B.C. It plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of retinal and neurological diseases. This review summarizes each of the different VF tests and perimetric methods, including the advantages and disadvantages and adherence to the desired standard diagnostic criteria. The review targets beginners and eye care professionals and includes history and evolution, qualitative and quantitative tests, and subjective and objective perimetric methods...

Polymorphism of genes of transforming growth factor TGFB and its receptors (TGFBRI, TGFBRII, and TGFBRIIII) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma was analyzed. The frequency of the TGFBRII CC genotype in patients is increased relative to the control group (OR=6.10, p=0.0028). Heterozygosity in this polymorphic position is reduced (OR=0.18, p=0.0052). As the effects of TGF-β is mediated through its receptors, we analyzed complex of polymorphic variants of the studied loci in the genome of patients...

The periocular mesenchyme (POM) is a transient migratory embryonic tissue derived from neural crest cells (NCCs) and paraxial mesoderm that gives rise to most of the structures in front of the eye. Morphogenetic defects of these structures can impair aqueous humor outflow, leading to elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma. Mutations in collagen type IV alpha 1 (COL4A1) and alpha 2 (COL4A2) cause Gould syndrome - a multisystem disorder often characterized by variable cerebrovascular, ocular, renal, and neuromuscular manifestations...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility and performance of Vivid Vision Perimetry (VVP), a new virtual reality (VR)-based visual field platform. METHODS: Children 7-18 years of age with visual acuity of 20/80 or better undergoing Humphrey visual field (HVF) testing were recruited to perform VVP, a VR-based test that uses suprathreshold stimuli to test 54 field locations and calculates a fraction seen score. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate correlation between HVF mean sensitivity and VVP mean fraction seen scores...

The axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) form the optic nerve, transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain. Damage or loss of RGCs and their axons is the leading cause of visual functional defects in traumatic injury and degenerative diseases such as glaucoma. However, there are no effective clinical treatments for nerve damage in these neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we report that LIM homeodomain transcription factor Lhx2 promotes RGC survival and axon regeneration in multiple animal models mimicking glaucoma disease...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of optic neuropathies characterized by a progressive degeneration of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), leading to irreversible vision loss. Nowadays, the traditional therapeutic approach to glaucoma consists of lowering the intraocular pressure (IOP), which does not address the neurodegenerative features of the disease. Besides animal models of glaucoma, there is a considerable need for in vitro experimental models to propose new therapeutic strategies for this ocular disease...

BACKGROUND: The importance of children's eye health cannot be overstated as it has significant implications for personal life, education, career, health, financial status, and overall satisfaction. This study aims to assess the awareness of parents regarding pediatric eye diseases to identify potential gaps in knowledge. By understanding parental awareness, we can develop targeted educational initiatives to promote early detection, timely intervention, and overall improved eye health in children...

The human eye is susceptible to various disorders that affect its structure or function, including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as a critical factor in the pathogenesis and progression of eye disorders, making it a potential therapeutic target in the clinic. Natural products have been used in traditional medicine for centuries and continue to play a significant role in modern drug development and clinical therapeutics...

Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a family of broad substrate specificity serine (Ser)/threonine (Thr) protein kinases that play a crucial role in the Ca2+ -dependent signaling pathways. Its significance as an intracellular Ca2+ sensor has garnered abundant research interest in the domain of neurodegeneration. Accumulating evidences suggest that CaMKII is implicated in the pathology of degenerative retinopathies such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and glaucoma optic neuropathy...

BACKGROUD: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between fluctuation in blood pressure (BP), ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) and visual field (VF) progression in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). METHODS: This prospective, longitudinal study included 44 patients with NTG. Only newly diagnosed NTG patients who had not been treated with a glaucoma medication were included. Patients were examined every year for 7 years. Intraocular pressure (IOP), heart rate (HR), systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), ocular perfusion pressure (OPP), and diastolic ocular perfusion pressure (DOPP) were measured at the same time...