Heat illness

BACKGROUND: Thromboelastometry (TEM) provides a comprehensive overview of the entire coagulation process and has not been evaluated in heatstroke-induced coagulopathies in dogs. OBJECTIVES: To determine the diagnostic and prognostic utility of TEM in dogs with heatstroke. ANIMALS: Forty-two client-owned dogs with heatstroke. METHODS: Prospective observational study. Blood samples for intrinsic and extrinsic TEM (INTEM and EXTEM, respectively) were collected at presentation and every 12 to 24 hours for 48 hours...

There is an urgent need for strategies to reduce the negative impacts of a warming climate on human health. Cooling urban neighborhoods by planting trees and vegetation and increasing albedo of roofs, pavements, and walls can mitigate urban heat. We used synoptic climatology to examine how different tree cover and albedo scenarios would affect heat-related morbidity in Los Angeles, CA, USA, as measured by emergency room (ER) visits. We classified daily meteorological data for historical summer heat events into discrete air mass types...

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OBJECTIVE: To determine whether ICU temperature management strategy is associated with fever in children with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). METHODS: We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study at a quaternary Children's hospital between 1/1/2016-31/12/2020. Mechanically ventilated children (<18 y/o) admitted to Pediatric or Cardiac ICU (PICU/CICU) with ROSC after OHCA who survived at least 72 h were included...

BACKGROUND: In the last few years, several nicotine products have become available as alternatives to smoking tobacco. While laboratory and limited clinical studies suggest that these devices are less toxic compared to classic tobacco cigarettes, very little is known about their epidemiological impact. Visiting the emergency department (ED) often represents the first or even the only contact of patients with the health care system. Therefore, a study conducted at the ED to assess the impact of these products on health can be reliable and reflect a real-life setting...

BACKGROUND: Malignant hyperthermia (MH), a rare inherited condition seen almost exclusively in the perioperative setting, is triggered by volatile anesthetics or an intravenous paralytic drug, succinylcholine. It can, however, occur without any exposure to anesthetic drugs, being associated with heat illness and rhabdomyolysis, thus presenting a little-known risk to young athletes exercising in hot environments. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the first responder awareness of MH and its association with heat illness in young athletes within athletic and clinical environments...

INTRODUCTION: The population of the Republic of Korea often experiences heat-related illnesses during summer that are exacerbated by significant variations. With rising temperatures attributed to global warming and other environmental changes within the military, combined with the military medical services' mission to uphold combat capabilities and promote health, it has become crucial to accurately understand the status of heat-related illnesses and integrate more comprehensive and systematic preventive measures...

Dairy products that are contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms through unhygienic farm practices, improper transportation, and inadequate quality control can cause foodborne illness. Furthermore, inadequate storage conditions can increase the microflora of natural spoilage, leading to rapid deterioration. Ultrasound processing is a popular technology used to improve the quality of milk products using high-frequency sound waves. It can improve food safety and shelf life by modifying milk protein and fats without negatively affecting nutritional profile and sensory properties, such as taste, texture, and flavor...

Unprecedented heat waves can affect all persons, but some are more sensitive to the effects of heat, including children and adults with underlying health conditions, pregnant women, and outdoor workers. Many regions of the United States experienced record-breaking high temperatures in 2023, with populations exposed to extremely high temperatures for prolonged periods. CDC examined emergency department (ED) visits associated with heat-related illness (HRI) from the National Syndromic Surveillance Program and compared daily HRI ED visit rates during the warm-season months (May-September) of 2023 with those during 2018-2022...

BACKGROUND: Increased frequencies and duration of extreme heat events have caused severe heat stress, especially among elderly people. Despite its obvious cause and universally known preventive measures, heat stress preventive measures have not been implemented effectively at community levels. This study examined heat coping practices among elderly people and their associations with living conditions, social interactions, and community involvement. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was done to assess heat-coping practices to mitigate heat stress, living conditions, and interactions with family, friends, and neighbours...

BACKGROUND: Given the anticipated increase in ambient temperature due to climate change, the hazardous effects of heat on health have been extensively studied; however, its impact on people with intellectual disability, autism, and mental illness is largely unknown. We aimed to estimate the association between heat and hospitalisation through the emergency department (ED) among people with these mental disorders. METHODS: In this nationwide study, we used data from the National Health Insurance Database (NHID) of the National Health Insurance Service, the single universal insurer in South Korea, the claims data for which is based on the ICD-10...

BACKGROUND: Air conditioners can prevent heat-related illness and mortality, but the increased use of air conditioners may enhance susceptibility to heat-related illnesses during large-scale power failures. Here, we examined the risks of heat-related illness ambulance transport (HIAT) and mortality associated with typhoon-related electricity reduction (ER) in the summer months in the Tokyo metropolitan area. METHODS: We conducted event study analyses to compare temperature-HIAT and mortality associations before and after the power outage (July to September 2019)...

BACKGROUND: Although the effects of temperature on genitourinary morbidity and mortality have been investigated in several countries, it remains largely unexplored in Japan. We investigated the association between ambient temperature and genitourinary emergency ambulance dispatches (EADs) in Japan and the modifying roles of sex, age, and illness severity. METHODS: We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study with conditional quasi-Poisson regression to estimate the association between mean temperature and genitourinary EADs in all prefectures of Japan between 2015 and 2019...

BACKGROUND: Although studies have provided negative impacts of air pollution, heat or cold exposure on mortality and morbidity, and positive effects of increased greenness on reducing them, a few studies have focused on exploring combined and synergetic effects of these exposures in predicting these health outcomes, and most had ignored the spatial autocorrelation in analyzing their health impact. This study aims to investigate the health impact of air pollution, greenness, and temperature exposure on premature mortality and morbidity within a spatial machine-learning modeling framework...

Increasing global temperatures due to ongoing climate change phenomena have resulted in increased risk of exertional heat illness in otherwise healthy, young individuals who work or play in the heat. With increasing participation of women in athletic, military and industrial activities that involve exertion in the heat, there is a growing need to study female physiology in this context. Mechanisms controlling blood pressure and body temperature have substantial overlap in humans, largely due to autonomic mechanisms which contribute to both...

Globally, occupational workers suffer various health impacts due to extreme heat. In this short review, we examined the literature discussing health impacts of heat on occupational workers, and then discussed certain individual and institutional measures needed to address the problem. Though the available literature in the recent decade discusses health impacts of heat on workers as various heat-related illnesses, we found very few studies examining how occupational workers suffer from issues concerning cardiovascular health, neurological health, respiratory health, and mental health...

Associations of exertional heat exhaustion (EHE)-related symptoms with lifestyle habits and health factors specific to female athletes, ranked by relative risks from high to low, remain elusive. Addressing this issue would benefit athletes and coaches, ensuring safer practices during summer sports activities. To address this issue, we distributed paper-based questionnaires to seven universities in Japan, and 983 respondents completed our survey. The questionnaires covered various personal characteristics, lifestyle habits, perceived health factors, perceived athletic activity, and EHE-related symptoms...

Extreme heat caused by climate change is increasing transmission of infectious diseases resulting in a sharp rise in heat-related illness and mortality. Understanding mechanistic link between heat, inflammation and disease is thus important for public health. Thermal hyperpnea, and consequent respiratory alkalosis is crucial in febrile seizures and convulsions induced by heat stress in humans. Here we address what causes thermal hyperpnea in neonates and how is it affected by inflammation. TRPV1, a heat-activated channel is sensitized by inflammation and modulates breathing, and thus may play a key role...

Gastroenteritis caused by Campylobacter represents the most common reported foodborne bacterial illness worldwide, followed by salmonellosis. Both diseases are often caused by the consumption of contaminated, insufficiently heated poultry meat. This can result from contamination of the meat during the slaughtering processes. Food contact surfaces like stainless steel or plucking fingers contribute significantly to cross-contamination of poultry carcasses. Modification of these surfaces could lead to a reduction of the bacterial burden, as already proven by successful application in various food industry sectors, such as packaging...

This work outlines conditions suitable for the heteroepitaxial growth of Cr2O3(0001) films (1.5-20 nm thick) on a Ru(0001)-terminated substrate. Optimized growth is achieved by sputter deposition of Cr within a 4 mTorr Ar/O2 20% ambient at Ru temperatures ranging from 450 to 600 °C. The Cr2O3 film adopts a 30° rotated honeycomb configuration with respect to the underlying Ru(0001) substrate and exhibits a hexagonal lattice parameter consistent with that for bulk Cr2O3(0001). Heating to 700 °C within the same environment during film preparation leads to Ru oxidation...