Breast cancer AND estrogen

BACKGROUND: The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is frequently expressed in breast cancer (BC), and its prognostic implications are contingent on estrogen receptor (ER) status. To address conflicting reports and explore therapeutic potential, a GR signature (GRsig) independent of ER status was developed. We also investigated cell type-specific GR protein expression in BC tumor epithelial cells and infiltrating lymphocytes. METHODS: GRsig was derived from Dexamethasone treated cell lines through a bioinformatic pipeline...

Annual breast cancer (BCa) deaths have declined since its apex in 1989 concomitant with widespread adoption of hormone therapies that target estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), the prominent nuclear receptor expressed in ∼80% of BCa. However, up to ∼50% of ER + patients with high-risk disease experience post endocrine therapy relapse and metastasis to distant organs. The vast majority of BCa mortality occurs in this setting, highlighting the inadequacy of current therapies. Genomic abnormalities to ESR1, the gene encoding ERα, emerge under prolonged selective pressure to enable endocrine therapy resistance...

BACKGROUND: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-low status has recently gained attention because of the potential therapeutic benefits of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in breast cancer patients. We aimed to investigate the concordance of HER2 status between core needle biopsy (CNB) and subsequent surgical resection specimens focusing on the HER2-low status. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in 1,387 patients with invasive breast cancer whose HER2 status was evaluated in both CNB and surgical resection specimens...

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses challenges in therapy due to the absence of target expression such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Frequently, the treatment of TNBC involves the combination of several therapeutics. However, an enhanced therapeutic effect can be also achieved within a single molecule. The efficacy of raloxifene can be improved by designing a raloxifene-based hybrid drug bearing a 2,2'-bipyridine moiety (2)...

INTRODUCTION: Estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer is the most common breast cancer subtype, and therapeutic management relies primarily on inhibiting ER signaling. In the metastatic setting, ER signaling is typically targeted by selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) or aromatase inhibitors (AIs), the latter of which prevent estrogen production. Activating ESR1 mutations are among the most common emergent breast cancer mutations and confer resistance to AIs. AREAS COVERED: Until 2023, fulvestrant was the only approved SERD; fulvestrant is administered intramuscularly, and in some cases may also have limited efficacy in the setting of certain ESR1 mutations...

OBJECTIVE: The association of FGFR2-rs13387042 polymorphism with breast cancer (BC) susceptibility in women remains inconclusive due to varying reports. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the relationship between FGFR2-rs13387042 polymorphism and susceptibility to BC. METHODS: Relevant literature were acquired through searches across multiple databases. Odds ratio (OR) values were pooled to assess the risk of BC for different alleles and genotypes...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate a nomogram that combines contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) deep learning with clinical-pathological features to predict neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) response (either low Miller Payne (MP-L) grades 1-2 or high MP (MP-H) grades 3-5) in patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 265 breast cancer patients were randomly allocated into training and test sets (used for models training and testing, respectively) at a 4:1 ratio...

The androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) are steroid receptor transcription factors with critical roles in the development and progression of prostate and breast cancers. Advances in the understanding of mechanisms underlying the ligand-dependent activation of these transcription factors have contributed to the development of small molecule inhibitors that block AR and ERα actions. These inhibitors include competitive antagonists and degraders that directly bind the ligand binding domains of these receptors, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs that suppress gonadal synthesis of testosterone or estrogen, and drugs that block specific enzymes required for biosynthesis of testosterone or estrogen...

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is expressed in approximately 70% of breast cancer cases and determines the sensitivity and effectiveness of endocrine therapy. 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-biphosphatase3 (PFKFB3) is a glycolytic enzyme that is highly expressed in a great many human tumors, and recent studies have shown that it plays a significant role in improving drug sensitivity. However, the role of PFKFB3 in regulating ERα expression and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we find by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) that PFKFB3 is elevated in ER-positive breast cancer and high expression of PFKFB3 resulted in a worse prognosis...

Kisspeptins are neuropeptides encoded by the Kiss1 gene that was discovered as a metastasis suppressor gene in melanoma and breast cancer. Kisspeptin has pivotal functions for gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion and plays integrated roles in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. However, little is known about the peripheral expression of kisspeptin in ruminants, especially in the female reproductive tract. Here, the objectives of the current study were to investigate the spatial localization of kisspeptin and mRNA expression of Kiss1 and its receptor (Kiss1r) in the fallopian tubes (FT) and uterus of goats at varied reproductive activity (cyclic versus true anoestrous goats, n=6, each)...

IMPORTANCE: In young-onset breast cancer (YOBC), a diagnosis within 5 to 10 years of childbirth is associated with increased mortality. Women with germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PVs) are more likely to be diagnosed with BC at younger ages, but the impact of childbirth on mortality is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether time between most recent childbirth and BC diagnosis is associated with mortality among patients with YOBC and germline BRCA1/2 PVs. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This prospective cohort study included women with germline BRCA1/2 PVs diagnosed with stage I to III BC at age 45 years or younger between 1950 and 2021 in the United Kingdom, who were followed up until November 2021...

Aim & objective: Levormeloxifene (L-ORM) and raloxifene (RAL) are selective estrogen receptor modulators used in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and breast cancer. Here, we developed and validated a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous estimation of both drugs. Materials & methods: A quality-by-design (QbD) approach was used for the optimization of the nanoemulsion, and US FDA guidelines were followed for method validation. Results: Multiple reaction monitoring transitions were used for L-ORM (459...

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor affecting women and represents the leading cause of female cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although distant organ metastasis accounts for the majority of breast cancer-related deaths, reports on bladder metastasis are limited in the existing literature. The present study describes the case of a patient with bladder metastasis originating from breast cancer. In addition, the present study also provides a review of 54 cases of similar disease that have been documented in the currently available literature...

Breast cancer is still the largest cause of cancer death in women, and around 70% of primary breast cancer patients are estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, which is the most frequent kind of breast cancer. The lemur tyrosine kinase-3 (LMTK3) receptor has been linked to estrogen responsiveness in breast cancer. However, the function of LMTK3 in reaction to cytotoxic chemotherapy has yet to be studied. Breast cancer therapy research remains tricky due to a paucity of structural investigations on LMTK3. We performed structural investigations on LMTK3 using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the LMTK3 receptor in complex with the top three inhibitor molecules along with a control inhibitor...

Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) is a rare and aggressive form of locally advanced breast cancer, classified as stage T4d according to the tumor-node-metastasis staging criteria. This subtype of breast cancer is known for its rapid progression and significantly lower survival rates compared to other forms of breast cancer. Despite its distinctive clinical features outlined by the World Health Organization, the histopathological characteristics of IBC remain not fully elucidated, presenting challenges in its diagnosis and treatment...

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a unique breast cancer subtype characterized by a lack of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression. Since TNBC lacks ER, PR, and HER2, there are currently no drugs that specifically target TNBC. Therefore, the development of new drugs or effective treatment strategies to target TNBC has become an urgent clinical need. Research has shown that the application of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors leads to genomic and epigenomic instability...

G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) plays a prominent role in facilitating the rapid, non-genomic signaling of estrogens in breast cancer cells. Herein, a comprehensive overview of the role of GPER in ER-ɑ-negative breast cancer is provided. Activation of GPER affected proliferation, metastasis and epithelial mesenchymal transition in ER-ɑ negative breast cancer cells. Clinical studies have demonstrated that GPER positivity was strongly correlated with larger tumor size and advanced clinical stage, suggesting that GPER/ERK signaling may play a role in promoting tumor progression...

Glycosylation alterations in TNBC have significant implications for tumor behavior, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies. Dysregulated glycosylation affects cell adhesion, signaling, immune recognition, and response to therapy in TNBC. Different types of glycosylation, including N-linked glycosylation, O-linked glycosylation, glycosphingolipid glycosylation, mucin-type glycosylation, and sialylation, play distinct roles in TNBC. The "barcoding" method based on glycosylation sites of the membrane type mannose receptor (MR) shows promise in accurately distinguishing breast cancer subtypes, including TNBC...

Breast cancer risk have been discussed to be associated with polymorphisms in genes as well as abnormal DNA damage repair function. This study aims to assess the relationship between genes single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to DNA damage repair and female breast cancer risk in Chinese population. A case-control study containing 400 patients and 400 healthy controls was conducted. Genotype was identified using the sequence MassARRAY method and expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) in tumor tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry assay...

Herb-based extracellular vesicles (EV), inherently replete with bioactive proteins, RNA, lipids, and other medicinal compounds, are noncytotoxic and uniquely capable of cellular delivery to meet the ever-stringent challenges of ongoing clinical applications. EVs are abundant in nature, affordable, and scalable, but they are also incredibly fragile and stuffed with many biomolecules. To address the low drug binding abilities and poor stability of EVs, we demonstrated herb-based EVs (isolated from neem, mint, and curry leaves) conjugated with chitosan (CS) and PEGylated graphene oxide (GP) that led to their transformation into robust and efficient vectors...