Virchows

A 5-tier grouping of Gleason scores has recently been proposed. Studies have indicated prognostic heterogeneity within these groups. We assessed prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) and all-cause mortality (ACM) for men diagnosed with Gleason score 3 + 5 = 8, 4 + 4 = 8 and 5 + 3 = 8 acinar adenocarcinoma on needle biopsy in a population-based national cohort. The Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden 5.0 was used for survival analysis with PCSM and ACM at 5 and 10 years as endpoints...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Pagetoid spread in esophageal squamous epithelium associated with underlying esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has been well studied. Case reports describing pagetoid spread of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) also exist in the literature. The latter, however, has not been systematically studied. In this study, we report seven cases of pagetoid spread associated with ESCC. The clinical, morphologic, and immunophenotypic profiles of pagetoid spread in the context of ESCC and EAC are compared. Cases of pagetoid spread of ESCC were identified through computerized search of pathology archives at five institutions...

One of the leading causes of maternal death in the United States is venous thromboembolism (VTE), which is influenced by acquired, genetic, and environmental factors. Pregnancy-associated physiological changes that exhibit the characteristics of Virchow's triad: reduced fibrinolysis, increased coagulation factors, trauma, and venous stasis all raise the risk of VTE. Furthermore, multiple gestations, advanced maternal age, cesarean delivery, and obesity are all pregnancy-associated risk factors that also increase the risk of VTE...

BACKGROUND: PTEN-related hamartoma tumor syndrome results from a mutation in the PTEN gene located at 10q23.31. This syndrome represents a spectrum of different phenotypes of variable expressions, now recognized as part of the same condition. Patients with this mutation have an increased risk of developing a wide range of findings, including malignancies. Although widely described in adults, there are no large series describing the imaging findings in patients before adulthood. Knowledge of the findings seen in children and adolescents with PTEN-related hamartoma tumor syndrome can help guide further management and improve surveillance recommendations...

Leiomyoma is the most prevalent benign tumor of the female reproductive system. Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) is a rare phenomenon that presents at distant sites, typically the lungs, exhibiting histopathological features similar to the primary uterine tumor in the absence of malignancy features in both. Fumarate hydratase-deficient uterine leiomyoma (FH-d UL) is an uncommon subtype among uterine smooth muscle tumors (0.5-2%), showing distinctive histomorphology and FH inactivation. The majority of FH-d ULs are sporadic, caused by somatic FH inactivation, while a minority of cases occur in the context of the hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) syndrome caused by germline FH inactivation...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Salmonellosis represents a significant economic and public health concern for the poultry industry in Africa, leading to substantial economic losses due to mortality, reduced productivity, and food safety problems. However, comprehensive information on the burden of poultry salmonellosis at the continental level are scarce. To address this gap, a systemic review and meta-analysis were conducted to consolidate information on the prevalence and circulating serotypes of poultry salmonellosis in African countries...

Somatic and biallelic DICER1 mutations are reported in subsets of thyroid tumors, supporting the role of this gene in thyroid tumor development. As recent studies have brought attention to macrofollicular patterns, atrophic changes, and papillary structures as being associated with DICER1 mutations, we sought to explore these observations in a bi-institutional cohort. A total of 61 thyroid lesions (54 tumors and 7 cases of thyroid follicular nodular disease; TFND), including 26 DICER1 mutated and 35 DICER1 wildtype controls were subjected to histological re-investigation and clinical follow-up...

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland (pSCCP) has long been recognized as a separate entity and is included in the WHO classifications of salivary gland tumors. However, it is widely accepted among head and neck pathologists that pSCCP is exceptionally rare. Yet, there are many publications describing series of pSCCP and data from SEER and other cancer register databases indicate erroneously an increasing incidence of pSCCP. Importantly, pSCCP and metastatic (secondary) squamous cell carcinoma to the parotid gland (mSCCP) have nearly identical histological features, and the diagnosis of pSCCP should only be made after the exclusion of mSCCP...

High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) can be categorized into four gene expression-based subtypes, with supposedly distinct prognoses and treatment responses. Murakami et al. translated these gene expression-based subtypes into the histopathological mesenchymal, immunoreactive, solid and proliferative, and papilloglandular subtypes, showing differences in survival outcomes. Miyagawa et al. refined these criteria to improve the interobserver concordance. The current retrospective study evaluated the interobserver variability and the prognostic differences between the histopathologic subtypes using the criteria of both Murakami et al...

A syndromic association between a subset of testicular/paratesticular neoplasms is well established. Such examples include Carney complex and large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and intratubular large cell hyalinizing Sertoli cell neoplasia, and VHL syndrome and clear cell papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis.However, recent studies proposed potential novel links between some testicular and paratesticular neoplasms with certain tumor syndromes. While more studies are still needed to solidify these associations, recent research suggests that a subset of Leydig cell tumors may arise in patients with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome or that some seminomas may occur in Lynch syndrome patients...

OBJECTIVE: Gastric carcinoma (GC) is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The tumor microenvironment plays a significant role in the pathogenesis, prognosis, and response to immunotherapy. However, the immune-related molecular mechanisms underlying GC remain elusive. Bioinformatics analysis of the gene expression of GC and paracancerous healthy tissues from the same patient was performed to identify the key genes and signaling pathways, as well as their correlation to the infiltration of the tumor microenvironment (TME) by various immune cells related to GC development...

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a prevalent clinical venous thrombotic condition that often manifests independently or in conjunction with other ailments. Thrombi have the propensity to dislodge into the circulatory system, giving rise to complications such as pulmonary embolism, thereby posing a significant risk to the patient. Virchow proposed that blood stagnation, alterations in the vessel wall and hypercoagulation are primary factors contributing to the development of venous thrombosis. Vascular endothelial cells (VECs) constitute the initial barrier to the vascular wall and are a focal point of ongoing research...

The classical BCR::ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) form a group of bone marrow (BM) diseases with the potential to progress to acute myeloid leukemia or develop marrow fibrosis and subsequent BM failure. The mechanism by which BM fibrosis develops and the factors that drive stromal activation and fibrosis are not well understood. Cellular Communication Network 2 (CCN2), also known as CTGF (Connective Tissue Growth Factor), is a profibrotic matricellular protein functioning as an important driver and biomarker of fibrosis in a wide range of diseases outside the marrow...

Based on lineage-specific transcription factors, small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SmCC) of the urinary bladder has recently been subtyped into three molecular subtypes: ASCL1, NEUROD1 and POU2F3. The latter is a master transcriptional regulator of tuft cells (TCs) which are rare solitary cells found in various mucosal epithelia such as the gastrointestinal tract, but which have not been reported in the bladder. The POU2F3 subtype shows low or absent neuroendocrine marker expression. A case of mixed SmCC and conventional-type urothelial carcinoma (CUC) of the urinary bladder with POU2F3-expressing intraepithelial small-cell carcinoma in keeping with a tuft cell phenotype, arising in association with intestinal metaplasia (IM) is described...

Metastases outside the liver and abdominal/retroperitoneal lymph nodes are nowadays detected frequently in patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), owing to the high sensitivity of positron emission tomography (PET) with Gallium-68-DOTA-somatostatin analogues (68 Ga-SSA) and concomitant diagnostic computed tomography (CT). Our aim was to determine the prevalence of extra-abdominal metastases on 68 Ga-DOTATOC-PET/CT in a cohort of patients with small intestinal (Si-NET) and pancreatic NET (Pan-NET), as well as that of pancreatic metastasis in patients with Si-NET...

Assessing programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on tumor cells (TCs) using Food and Drug Administration-approved, validated immunoassays can guide the use of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in cancer treatment. However, substantial interobserver variability has been reported using these immunoassays. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to accurately measure biomarker expression in tissue samples, but its reliability and comparability to standard manual scoring remain to be evaluated...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Perivascular spaces (PVS) are interstitial fluid-filled spaces surrounding blood vessels traversing the deep gray nuclei and white matter of the brain. These are commonly encountered on CT and MR imaging and are generally asymptomatic and of no clinical significance. However, occasional changes in the size of focal PVS, for example, when enlarging, may mimic pathologies including neoplasms and infections, hence potentially confounding radiological interpretation...