Aging muscle

Feeding high-gain diets and an inadequate energy and protein ratio during pre-puberty may lead to impaired growth and mammary gland development of heifers. Thus, frequent application of bovine somatotropin (bST) may prevent future losses in productivity, improve mammary development and animal performance. We aimed to evaluate the effects of bST on digestibility, performance, blood metabolites, mammary gland development, and carcass composition of high-performance prepubertal Holstein × Gyr heifers. Thirty-four Holstein × Gyr heifers with an average initial body weight of 218 ± 49 kg and 14 ± 4 months of age were submitted to an 84-day trial evaluating the effects of no bST or bST injections...

Clostridial dermatitis (CD), caused by Clostridium septicum, is an emerging disease of increasing economic importance in turkeys. Currently, there are no effective vaccines for CD control. Here, two non-toxic domains of C. septicum alpha toxin, namely ntATX-D1 and ntATX-D2, were identified, cloned, and expressed in Escherichia coli as recombinant subunit proteins to investigate their use as potential vaccine candidates. Experimental groups consisted of a Negative control (NCx) that did not receive C. septicum challenge, while the adjuvant-only Positive control (PCx), ntATX-D1 immunization (D1) and ntATX-D2 immunization (D2) groups received C...

Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma (RMH) typically presents as a congenital midline head and neck cutaneous polyp in infants. Perianal and mucocutaneous lesions have been reported, and recently, acquired adult-onset variants have been proposed. This makes the true prevalence, etiopathogenesis, and clinicopathologic distribution and classification of RMHs in children compared with those in adults uncertain. We performed a retrospective review to highlight the salient histopathologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical features in RMHs and to emphasize their specific clinicopathologic criteria to avoid diagnostic pitfalls...

PURPOSE: Complement dysregulation is a key component in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and related diseases such as early-onset macular drusen (EOMD). Although genetic variants of complement factor H (CFH) are associated with AMD risk, the impact of CFH and factor H-like protein 1 (FHL-1) expression on local complement activity in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) remains unclear. METHODS: We identified a novel CFH variant in a family with EOMD and generated patient induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived RPE cells...

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PURPOSE: Sarcopenia is a prognostic predictor in emergency surgery. However, there are no reports on the relationship between osteopenia and in-hospital mortality. This study clarified the effect of preoperative osteosarcopenia on patients with gastrointestinal perforation after emergency surgery. METHODS: We included 216 patients with gastrointestinal perforations who underwent emergency surgery between January 2013 and December 2022. Osteopenia was evaluated by measuring the pixel density in the mid-vertebral core of the 11th thoracic vertebra...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of the post-COVID-19 condition of children and adolescents from a cohort. METHODS: Observational and analytical cohort study. Statistical analysis: percentages, frequencies; averages; Odds ratio, χ2 test, and multiple binary logistic regression. Statistical Package, for the Social Sciences 23. RESULTS: Prevalence of the post-COVID-19 condition was: 14.8% of 175 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 26 developed post-COVID-19 condition, mean age 5...

BACKGROUND: Dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare inflammatory disease. Our research focuses on predicting poor prognosis in DM patients and evaluating the prognostic significance of ferritin and Salivary Sugar Chain Antigen-6 (KL-6) through multivariate logistic regression analysis. METHODS: Between February 2018 and April 2020, 80 DM patients at our hospital were categorized into MDA5 positive (n = 20) and negative (n = 60) groups. We conducted multivariate logistic regression to determine DM's poor prognosis risk factors and evaluate ferritin/KL-6's predictive value for prognosis...

INTRODUCTION: Maxillofacial diseases may pose a risk factor for the onset of tinnitus, and may influence the severity of its symptoms. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of tinnitus among patients routinely visiting the Faculty of Dentistry and to assess the relationship between tinnitus and maxillofacial diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted on 3,626 patients. Demographic data, information on tinnitus symptoms, temporomandibular disorder (TMD) presence, the existence of trigger points in masticatory muscles, toothache, and bruxism were evaluated...

We recently demonstrated that acute oral ketone monoester intake induces a stimulation of postprandial myofibrillar protein synthesis rates comparable to that elicited following the ingestion of 10 g whey protein or their co-ingestion. The present investigation aimed to determine the acute effects of ingesting a ketone monoester, whey protein, or their co-ingestion on mTOR-related protein-protein co-localization and intracellular trafficking in human skeletal muscle. In a randomized, double-blind, parallel group design, 36 healthy recreationally active young males (age: 24...

BACKGROUND: Diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) is driven in part by inflammation which dysregulates prostaglandin release in the bladder. Precise inflammatory mechanisms responsible for such dysregulation have been elusive. Since prostaglandins impact bladder contractility, elucidating these mechanisms may yield potential therapeutic targets for DBD. In female Type 1 diabetic Akita mice, inflammation mediated by the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is responsible for DBD...

PURPOSE: In oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), systemic loss of skeletal muscle mass (SMM), or sarcopenia, is a strong prognostic predictor of survival outcomes. However, the relationship between sarcopenia and nutrition-related outcomes is not well understood. This investigation evaluated the prognostic significance of sarcopenia for feeding tube (FT) placement in a cohort of OPSCC patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with data collected from 194 OPSCC patients treated with definitive radiation therapy (RT) or chemoradiation therapy (CRT)...

PURPOSE: Diastasis recti abdominis is an increase in the distance between the medial borders of the two rectus muscles. It is most often triggered after intra-abdominal pressure increases, such as postpartum or in obesity. Most publications are based on radiological studies or are done in certain subgroups, without unanimous reference values of the distance between the rectus abdominis or standardization. METHODS: Forty-one cadavers were studied. Exclusion criteria: signs of abdominal trauma, major burns, presence of scar from previous abdominal surgery, clinical signs of abdominal hernia, and identification of hernia during cadaver dissection...

BACKGROUND: Posterior interosseous neuropathy is an uncommon cause of peripheral dystonia. CASE REPORT: A 62-year-old man awakened and noticed right finger drop. A neurological examination revealed posterior interosseous neuropathy with dystonia-like finger movements. Abnormal movements were predominantly observed in the right thumb, ring finger, and little finger. Within 2 weeks, the muscle weakness in the right fingers had completely improved. However, a brief abnormal posture of the right thumb was persistent...

Introduction Arthroscopic advancements have notably improved rotator cuff repair, yet the healing of tendons and retear risks still pose significant challenges, especially with massive and large tears. These larger tears have shown a quadruple increase in retear rate when the tear size grows from 1-3 cm. The prevalent cause of failure, particularly in tears with fatty degeneration, is suture tearing. As such, techniques that enhance tendon healing are pivotal due to their correlation with improved functional outcomes...

Peripheral facial paralysis, characterized by facial expression and motor dysfunction of facial muscle groups, stems from lower motor neuron lesions of the facial nerve and can arise from various medical conditions such as viral infections, trauma, tumors, and autoimmune disorders, among others. It affects individuals across all age groups, from pediatric to geriatric populations. While many cases have no discernible cause, some are associated with infectious or non-infectious factors. Typically, most patients experience gradual recovery within one to three months following appropriate treatment in the acute phase, which may include inflammation control, antiviral therapy, reduction of neuroedema, and nerve nourishment...

BACKGROUND: A perineal tear is a rupture of the skin or muscle between the vagina and anus (perineum). A third-degree tear is one type of extended perineal tear (EPT), and it involves the penetration of the anal sphincter muscle. Another type of EPT is a fourth-degree laceration, which penetrates deeper into the lining of the anus or rectum. The stretching of the perineum during childbirth may result in perineal trauma. Invasive surgical interventions are required for the treatment of EPTs...

Discitis linked to Pott's spine is an infrequent yet severe issue, especially difficult to manage among elderly individuals due to age-related bodily changes and concurrent health issues. This report details the successful physiotherapy-based recovery of a senior patient afflicted with discitis related to Pott's spine. The individual, a 61-year-old man, presented symptoms including intense back pain, restricted movement, and neurological issues. The diagnosis was confirmed via imaging scans, indicating spinal tuberculosis and vertebral disc involvement...

Introduction Planovalgus deformity is common in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP), particularly spastic diplegia and spastic quadriplegia. It results from muscle imbalance over the immature foot skeleton, leading to hindfoot valgus, forefoot abduction, and joint subluxation. Surgical interventions, like calcaneal lengthening osteotomy (CLO), are frequently employed to correct this deformity, but objective guidelines for its use in CP patients are lacking. Material and methods This retrospective cohort study examined the efficacy of CLO in correcting plano valgus deformity in pediatric CP patients at the Pediatric Orthopedic Unit of Christian Medical College (CMC) in Vellore, India...

Objective: To determine which surgical technique offers the lowest rate of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) without the need for further operative intervention, in pediatric patients with nonsyndromic submucous cleft palate (SMCP). Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis included articles reporting on nonsyndromic pediatric patients treated surgically during childhood for SMCP, with data on postoperative speech outcomes and/or recommendations for secondary surgery. Main outcome measures included rates of unfavorable speech outcomes defined as persistent VPI requiring secondary surgery and speech outcome data...