Newborn heart failure

OBJECTIVES: Cardiopulmonary and infectious complications are more common in preterm newborns after preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM). Fetal echocardiography may be helpful in predicting neonatal condition. Our aim was to assess the cardiovascular changes in fetuses from pregnancies complicated by pPROM and possible utility in predicting the intrauterine or neonatal infection, and neonatal heart failure (HF). METHODS: It was a prospective study enrolling 46 women with singleton pregnancies complicated by pPROM between 18+0 and 33+6 weeks of gestation and followed until delivery...

BACKGROUND: We report a case of isolated ductal origin of pulmonary artery (DOPA) diagnosed in an asymptomatic newborn. The primary aim of this case is to highlight the need to investigate for DOPA in patients diagnosed with an 'absent branch pulmonary artery'. CASE SUMMARY: Our patient was an asymptomatic newborn infant, with normal intracardiac anatomy. He was initially diagnosed post-natally with 'absent left pulmonary artery' (LPA), though the LPA was seen in antenatal scans...

BACKGROUND: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency is a rare inborn error of mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism with autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Its phenotype is highly variable (neonatal, infantile, and adult onset) on the base of mutations of the CPT II gene. In affected subjects, long-chain acylcarnitines cannot be subdivided into carnitine and acyl-CoA, leading to their toxic accumulation in different organs. Neonatal form is the most severe, and all the reported patients died within a few days to 6 months after birth...

Deep intertrabecular recesses and overly pronounced trabeculations in one ventricle are the hallmarks of noncompaction cardiomyopathy (NCCM), a rare congenital cardiomyopathy but very rarely right ventricle (RV), or both ventricles may be involved. We reported a 5-day-old preterm newborn with signs of congestive heart failure that the transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed deep intertrabecular recesses perfused from the left ventricle (LV) and RV cavity, as well as significantly increased wall thickness of the right ventricles and hypertrabeculations in the apical and midventricular segments...

OBJECTIVE: Immediate skin-to-skin contact (SSC) is already standard care for healthy term newborns, but its use for term or preterm newborns requiring admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with or without respiratory support is challenging. This study aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of SSC during the transfer of newborn infants, using a new purpose-built mobile shuttle care-station, called "Tandem". MATERIAL AND METHODS: A monocentric prospective observational study was conducted at the tertiary referral center of the Université libre de Bruxelles in Brussels, Belgium after ethical approval by Hopital Erasme's Ethics Committee (ClinicalTrials...

BACKGROUND: Newborns with critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) with increased pulmonary blood flow (PBF) are at high risk for congestive heart failure. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the presence and degree of pulmonary edema in newborns with CCHD using lung ultrasound (LUS) during the perioperative period. METHODS: Prospective clinical trial, 44 newborn patients with CCHD were evaluated in this prospective clinical trial. LUS was repeatedly performed to determine the course of pulmonary edema during the perioperative period...

To characterize the neonatal hemodynamic profiles in recipients born after twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) treated with fetoscopic selective laser coagulation (FSLC). Retrospective analysis during the first month of life of recipient twins. Of the 480 newborns born during an 11-year period, 138 recipient twins with prenatal FSLC were classified into four groups: no hemodynamic impairment (NoHI, n = 102, 74%), isolated high blood pressure (HighBP, n = 18, 13%), right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO, n = 10, 7%), and cardiac failure (CF, n = 8, 6%)...

Pial arterial venous fistulas (PAVFs) are rare vascular entities that occur with direct high-flow connections between pial arterial feeders and large veins without an intervening nidus.1-5 These vascular abnormalities can present in the pediatric population with high output heart failure.1 PAVFs can be treated with endovascular intervention, microvascular ligation, or a combination depending on the clinical scenario.4 Here, we present a case in which a newborn presented in high output heart failure because of a large left-sided middle cerebral artery fed PAVF...

Neonatal arrhythmias are significant contributors to infant mortality. Timely diagnosis and treatment are essential for neonates with non-benign arrhythmias to avoid severe complications, and ongoing treatment and follow-up are sometimes needed. The main objective of this study will be to understand the incidence and demographic characteristics of arrhythmias in hospitalized neonates in China and the related factors of outcomes. A secondary objective will be to establish the first follow-up system for neonatal arrhythmias in China...

From molecular and cellular perspectives, heart failure is caused by the loss of cardiomyocytes-the fundamental contractile units of the heart. Because mammalian cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle shortly after birth, the cardiomyocyte damage induced by myocardial infarction (MI) typically leads to dilatation of the left ventricle (LV) and often progresses to heart failure. However, recent findings indicate that the hearts of neonatal pigs completely regenerated the cardiomyocytes that were lost to MI when the injury occurred on postnatal day 1 (P1)...

BACKGROUND: Fetal echocardiography can diagnose neonatal atrial flutter, which can cause heart failure in newborns. Little is known about catheter ablation in this population. METHODS: Case report that aimed to review a successful ablation in a 20-day-old patient with refractory atrial flutter. RESULTS: This is the first report of a successful neonatal atrial flutter ablation without any early recurrence after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Atrial flutter ablation performed on newborns is a reliable and long-lasting treatment option...

UNLABELLED: Portosystemic venous shunts (PSVS) are malformations that result from abnormal communications between the portal and hepatic veins or inferior vena cava. Prenatal diagnosis is made by evaluating the fetal venous circulation and it is classified as intrahepatic and extrahepatic, with different evolution and complications. OBJECTIVE: To report two cases of prenatal diagnosis of portosystemic vascular shunts and review the importance of this rare pathology in its neonatal and pediatric evolution...

Cauterization of the root of the left coronary artery (LCA) in the neonatal heart at postnatal day 1 (P1) resulted in large reproducible lesions of the left ventricle (LV), and an attendant marked adaptive response in the right ventricle (RV). The response of both chambers to LV myocardial infarction involved enhanced cardiomyocyte (CM) division and binucleation, as well as LV re-vascularization, leading to restored heart function within 7 days post-surgery (7 dps). By contrast, infarction of P3 mice resulted in cardiac scarring without a significant regenerative and adaptive response of the LV and the RV leading to subsequent heart failure and death within 7 dps...

Considering the occurrence of serious heart failure in a gene knockout mouse of PIP5Kγ and in congenital abnormal cases in humans in which the gene was defective as reported by others, the present study attempted to localize PIP5Kγ in the heart during prenatal stages. It was done on the basis of the supposition that phenotypes caused by gene mutation of a given molecule are owed to the functional deterioration of selective cellular sites normally expressing it at significantly higher levels in wild mice...

BACKGROUND: Newborns with a critical congenital heart disease left undiagnosed and untreated have a substantial risk for serious complications and subsequent failure to thrive. Prenatal ultrasound screening is not widely available, nor is postnatal echocardiography. Physical examination is the standard for postnatal screening. Pulse oximetry has been proposed in numerous studies as an alternative screening method. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the diagnostic accuracies of both screening methods separately and combined...

Growth failure is a common problem in infants with established bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Suboptimal growth for infants with BPD is associated with unfavorable respiratory and neurodevelopmental outcomes; however, high-quality evidence to support best nutritional practices are limited for this vulnerable patient population. Consequently, there exists a wide variation in the provision of nutritional care and monitoring of growth for infants with BPD. Other neonatal populations at risk for growth failure, such as infants with congenital heart disease, have demonstrated improved growth outcomes with the creation and compliance of clinical protocols to guide nutritional management...

INTRODUCTION: Congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia is a rare arrhythmia that occurs in patients without previous cardiac surgery. In this report, we wanted to present a 6-hour-old newborn with congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia resistant to conventional anti-arrhythmic medications, who was successfully treated with ivabradine and amiadarone combination. CASE: A six-hour-old newborn girl was hospitalised in neonatal ICU because transient tachypnoea of the newborn...

Latent valvular heart disease may be aggravated or demasked during pregnancy because of physiologic hemodynamic changes, including higher circulating volume, heart rate, and cardiac index, as well as stress during labor. The presence of valvular heart disease increases the risk of maternal and fetal/newborn adverse events. Early diagnosis, risk assessment, and specific management are crucial. We present a case of acute peripartal heart failure caused by idiopathic severe tricuspid regurgitation in a 38-year-old woman...

BACKGROUND: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a rare disease that causes heart failure due to malfunction of the heart muscle characterized by left ventricular dilation and poor systolic function. Genetic screening leads to advantages in early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of patients with suspected inherited cardiomyopathies. Here, we report a case of neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy due to a mutation of the TNNI3 gene, which has not been published in neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy before...

BACKGROUND: Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is one of the most common non-benign arrhythmias in neonates, potentially leading to cardiac decompensation. This study investigated the early risk factors of acute heart failure (AHF) secondary to SVT in neonates, and explored their value in guiding the selection of effective anti-arrhythmic treatment. METHODS: A total of 43 newborns diagnosed with and treated for SVT between January 2017 and December 2022 were analyzed...