PBF

Additive manufacturing of soft magnetic materials is a promising technology for creating topologically optimized electrical machines. High-performance electrical machines can be made from high-silicon-content FeSi alloys. Fe-6.5wt%Si material has exceptional magnetic properties; however, manufacturing this steel with the classical cold rolling methodology is not possible due to the brittleness of this material. Laser powder bed fusion technology (L-PBF) offers a solution to this problem. Finding the optimal printing parameters is a challenging task...

This study presents a microstructural investigation of the printing parameters of an AlSi7Mg0.6 alloy produced by powder bed fusion (PBF) using laser beam melting (LB/M) technology. The investigation focused on the effects of laser power, exposure velocity, and hatching distance on the microhardness, porosity, and microstructure of the produced alloy. The microstructure was characterized in the plane of printing on a confocal microscope. The results showed that the printing parameters significantly affected the microstructure, whereas the energy density had a major effect...

Chromium (Cr) metal has garnered significant attention in alloy systems owing to its exceptional properties, such as a high melting point, low density, and superior oxidation and corrosion resistance. However, its processing capabilities are hindered by its high ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT). Recently, powder bed fusion-laser beam for metals (PBF-LB/M) has emerged as a promising technique, offering the fabrication of net shapes and precise control over crystallographic texture. Nevertheless, research investigating the mechanism underlying crystallographic texture development in pure Cr via PBF-LB/M still needs to be conducted...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to severe falciparum malaria possesses a high mortality rate; however, a prognostic marker of renal dysfunction has not yet been identified. Thus, we reported a case of a patient with AKI secondary to falciparum malaria who underwent hemodialysis and a renal biopsy due to prolonged renal dysfunction. The male patient, in his 50 s, presented to our hospital with vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and decreased level of consciousness. The Giemsa-stained peripheral blood film revealed approximately 5% parasitemia, and a rapid diagnostic test was positive for Plasmodium falciparum...

Miniaturized and microstructured reactors in process engineering are essential for a more decentralized, flexible, sustainable, and resilient chemical production. Modern, additive manufacturing methods for metals enable complex reactor-geometries, increased functionality, and faster design iterations, a clear advantage over classical subtractive machining and polymer-based approaches. Integrated microsensors allow online, in situ process monitoring to optimize processes like the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide...

The typical rod-shaped HbC crystals in the peripheral blood smear often provide the diagnostic clue to the HbC disease. This case highlights that a careful review of blood film morphology may be helpful to detect HbC disease, although this case's routine blood test is normal and do not meet the rules of re-examinations.

Steels exhibit distinct properties that underscore their pivotal role in critical industries, such as maritime, aerospace, automotive, petrochemical, and biomedicine. In recent times, there has been an increasing trend towards manufacturing near- net -shape steel components through various additive manufacturing (AM) modalities, utilizing intricate 3D model data. Initially, powder bed fusion (PBF) technology garnered significant attention for the fabrication of steel components. Nonetheless, arc-directed energy deposition (arc-DED), also known as wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology, is progressively gaining prominence in the AM enterprise due to its high production rate, the ability to print large-scale components, and notably, reduced capital investment...


Blood C-reactive protein (CRP) and the electrical bioimpedance (EBI) variables phase angle (PhA) and impedance ratio (IR) have been proposed as biomarkers of metainflammation in overweight/obesity. CRP involves taking blood samples, while PhA and IR imply a less-than-2-minute-non-invasive procedure. In this study, values for these variables and percent body fat mass (PBFM) were obtained and compared immediately before and immediately after a colon cleansing protocol (CCP), aimed at modulating intestinal microbiota, as well as along a period of 8 weeks after it...

Although the additive manufacturing (AM) market continues to grow, industries face barriers to AM adoption due to a shortage of skilled designers in the workforce that can apply AM effectively to meet this demand. This shortage is attributed to the high cost and infrastructural requirements of introducing high- barrier-to-entry AM processes such as powder bed fusion (PBF) into in-person learning environments. To meet the demands for a skilled AM workforce, it is important to explore other mediums of AM education, such as computer-aided instruction (CAI) and virtual reality (VR), which can increase access to hands-on learning experiences for inaccessible AM processes...

Laser sintering, known as powder bed fusion-laser beam (PBF-LB), offers promising potential for the fabrication of patient-specific drugs. The aim of this study was to provide an insight into the PBF-LB process with regard to the process parameters, in particular the laser hatching distance, and its influence on the properties of zolpidem tartrate (ZT) tablets. PHARMACOAT® 603 was used as the polymer, while Candurin® Gold Sheen and AEROSIL® 200 were added to facilitate 3D printing. The particle size distribution of the powder blend showed that the layer height should be set to 100 µm, while the laser hatching distance was varied in five different steps (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 µm), keeping the temperature and laser scanning speed constant...

To enhance the applicability of dual-phase high-entropy alloys (HEAs) like Fe32Cr33Ni29Al3Ti3, fabricated via laser beam power bed fusion (LB-PBF), a focus on improving their mechanical properties is essential. As part of this effort, heat treatment was explored. This study compares the microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-printed sample with those cooled in water after undergoing heat treatment at temperatures ranging from 1000 to 1200 °C for 1 h. Both pre- and post-treatment samples reveal a dual-phase microstructure comprising FCC and BCC phases...

Additively manufactured mechanical components show great lightweight characteristics and can often be enhanced by integrating biomimetic geometrical features. This study focuses on one specific subcase, namely the substitution of solid cylindrical beams that are under bending with geometrically more complex biomimetic beams. Based on the pseudo-stem of the banana plant as a role model, six geometric beam designs were derived. Given the manufacturing constraints of the PBF-LB/M process, two abstractions were selected for detailed investigation in the main part of this study...

In the present investigation, natural bone-derived hydroxyapatite (HA, 2 wt %) and/or exfoliated graphene (Gr, 0.1 wt %)-embedded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomeric films were prepared using a vascular method. The morphology, mechanical properties, crystallinity, and chemical structure of the composite films were evaluated. The in vitro biodegradation kinetics of the films indicates their adequate physiological stability. Most of the results favored PDMS/HA/Gr as a best composite scaffold having more than 703% elongation...

BACKGROUND: Bovine babesiosis, a global disease, has not been studied so far in Kashmir valley, which is having temperate type of climate as compared to rest of India having tropical to sub-tropical climate, so we felt the need to investigate it. METHODS: To diagnose the babesiosis in clinically suspected cattle (n=450), peripheral blood film examination and PCR tests using generic and species-specific primers targeting Babesia / Theleria genera and B. bigemina , B...

IMPORTANCE: The health outcomes of increased poverty and inequalities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have been substantially amplified as a consequence of converging multiple crises. Brazil has some of the world's largest conditional cash transfer (Programa Bolsa Família [PBF]), social pension (Beneficio de Prestacão Continuada [BPC]), and primary health care (Estratégia de Saúde da Família [ESF]) programs that could act as mitigating interventions during the current polycrisis era of increasing poverty, slow or contracting economic growth, and conflicts...

BACKGROUND: Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) play a significant role in expanding case management in peripheral healthcare systems. Histidine-rich protein-2 (HRP2) antigen detection RDTs are predominantly used to diagnose Plasmodium falciparum infection. However, the evolution and spread of P. falciparum parasite strains with deleted hrp2/3 genes, causing false-negative results, have been reported. This study assessed the diagnostic performance of HRP2-detecting RDTs for P. falciparum cases and the prevalence of pfhrp2/3 deletions among symptomatic patients seeking malaria diagnosis at selected health facilities in southern Ethiopia...

Access to high-quality family planning services remains limited in many low- and middle-income countries, resulting in a high burden of unintended pregnancies and adverse health outcomes. We used data from a large randomized controlled trial in the Democratic Republic of Congo to test whether performance-based financing (PBF) can increase the availability, quality, and use of family planning services. Starting at the end of 2016, 30 health zones were randomly assigned to a PBF program, in which health facilities received financing conditional on the quantity and quality of offered services...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors for acute events after systemic-to-pulmonary shunt (SPS) and to investigate the effectiveness of pulmonary blood flow regulation with a metal clip. METHODS: The case histories of 116 patients (78 biventricular [BV] and 38 single ventricle [SV] physiology) who underwent SPS between 2010 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Our strategy was to delay SPS until 1 month of age; pulmonary blood flow (PBF) regulation by partial clipping of the graft, if needed...

A new Mg-Zn-Zr-Ca alloy in a powder state, intended to be used for custom shaped implants, was obtained via a mechanical alloying method from pure elemental powder. Further, the obtained powder alloy was processed by a PBF-LB/M (powder bed fusion with laser beam/of metal) procedure to obtain additive manufactured samples for small biodegradable implants. A series of microstructural, mechanical and corrosion analyses were performed. The SEM (scanning electron microscopy) analysis of the powder alloy revealed a good dimensional homogeneity, with a uniform colour, no agglutination and almost rounded particles, suitable for the powder bed fusion procedure...

This study provides a methodology for exploring the microstructural and mechanical properties of the Haynes® 282® alloy produced via the Powder Bed Fusion-Electron Beam (PBF-EB) process. Employing 2D Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) data, we have successfully generated 3D representations of columnar microstructures using the Representative Volume Element (RVE) method. This methodology allowed for the validation of elastic properties through Crystal Elasticity Finite Element (CEFE) computational homogenization, revealing critical insights into the material behavior...