thiram

Thiram, a widely used organic pesticide in agriculture, exhibits both bactericidal and insecticidal effects. However, prolonged exposure to thiram has been linked to bone deformities and cartilage damage, contributing to the development of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in broilers and posing a significant threat to global agricultural production. TD, a prevalent nutritional metabolic disease, manifests as clinical symptoms like unstable standing, claudication, and sluggish movement in affected broilers. In recent years, there has been growing recognition of the regulatory role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in tibial cartilage formation among broilers through diverse signaling pathways...

In this research, a method was developed for fabricating Au-Au nanorod array substrates through the deposition of large-area Au nanostructures on an Au nanorod array using a galvanic cell reaction. The incorporation of a granular structure enhanced both the number and intensity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) hot spots on the substrate, thereby elevating the SERS performance beyond that of substrates composed solely of an Au nanorod. Calculations using the finite difference time domain method confirmed the generation of a strong electromagnetic field around the nanoparticles...

The Hippo signaling pathway plays an essential role in organ size control and tumorigenesis. Loss of Hippo signal and hyper-activation of the downstream oncogenic YAP signaling are commonly observed in various types of cancers. We previously identified STRN3-containing PP2A phosphatase as a negative regulator of MST1/2 kinases (i.e. Hippo) in gastric cancer (GC), opening the possibility of selectively targeting the PP2Aa-STRN3-MST1/2 axis to recover Hippo signaling against cancer. Here, we further discovered 1) disulfiram (DSF), an FDA-approved drug, which can similarly block the binding of STRN3 to PP2A core enzyme, and 2) CX-6258 (CX), a chemical inhibitor, that can disrupt the interaction between STRN3 and MST1/2, both allowing reactivation of Hippo activity to inhibit GC...

Owing to good flexibility, prominent mechanical properties, three-dimensional (3D) nanofibrous structure and low background interference, sustainable bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a highly attractive matrix material for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor. Herein, a highly sensitive, flexible and scalable silver nanorod-decorated BNC (AgNRs@BNC) SERS sensor is developed by a simple vacuum-assisted filtration. The AgNRs were firmly locked in the 3D nanofibrous network of cellulose nanofibers upon vacuum drying process, resulting in the formation of 3D SERS hotspots with a depth of more than 10 μm on the sensor...

Flexible and transparent surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates have gained great attention in analysis field as they offer a fast, non-destructive, and highly sensitive platform for in-situ detection. In this work, we present a facile one-pot strategy for synthesizing gold-cored silver shell nanoparticles (Au@Ag NPs) in the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) colloid. With no other reducing agents, PVA can serve as both reducing and stabilizing agents for forming Au@Ag NPs. Besides, PVA acts as a scaffold to maintain SERS "hot-spots" by preventing nanoparticle aggregation...

The powerful capability of multi-stimulus-responsive luminescent hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) to respond to external chemical or physical stimuli in various manners makes them appealing in the luminescence anti-counterfeiting field. Herein, a novel Eu3+ -functionalized HOF (Eu@GC-2) that combines the emission of HOFs with the characteristic emission of Eu3+ ions has been successfully synthesized, which can generate various fluorescence at different excitation wavelengths. Eu@GC-2 has enormous potential as a raw material for a paper-based sensor that is designed for detecting the pesticides thiram and caffeic acid in crops with favorable selectivity, anti-interference, and high efficiency...

Thiram is a member of the dithiocarbamate family and is widely used in agriculture. Its residues lead to various diseases, among which tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in broiler chickens is the most common. Recent studies have also demonstrated that thiram residues may harm human health. Our previous study showed that the activity of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway has changed after thiram exposure. In the current study, we investigated the effect of autophagy via the mTOR signaling pathway after thiram exposure in vitro and in vivo...

Food contaminants pose a danger to human health, but rapid, sensitive and reliable food safety detection methods can offer a solution to this problem. In this study, an optical fiber ratiometric fluorescence sensing system based on carbon dots (CDs) and o-phenylenediamine (OPD) was constructed. The ratiometric fluorescence response of Cu2+ and thiram was carried out by the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between CDs and 2,3-diaminophenazine (ox-OPD, oxidized state o-phenylenediamine). The oxidation of OPD by Cu2+ resulted in the formation of ox-OPD, which quenched the fluorescence of CDs and exhibited a new emission peak at 573 nm...

Thiram is a kind of organic compound, which is commonly used for sterilization, insecticidal and deodorization in daily life. Its toxicology has been broadly studied. Recently, more and more microRNAs have been shown to participate in the regulation of cartilage development. However, the potential mechanism by which microRNA regulates chondrocyte growth is still unclear. Our experiments have demonstrated that thiram can hamper chondrocytes development and cause a significant increase in miR-203a content in vitro and in vivo trials...

Thiram, a commonly used agricultural insecticide and fungicide, has been found to cause tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in broilers, leading to substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of leucine in mitigating thiram-induced TD and leucine effects on gut microbial diversity. Broiler chickens were randomly divided into five equal groups: control group (standard diet), thiram-induced group (thiram 80 mg/kg from day 3 to day 7), and different concentrations of leucine groups (0...

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique for chemical identification, but it remains a great challenge to realize the large-scale and well-controlled fabrication of sensitive and repeatable SERS substrates. Here, we report a facile strategy to fabricate centimeter-sized periodic Au nanograting (Au-NG) decorated with well-arranged Ag nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) (denoted as Ag-NPs@Au-NG) as a three-dimensional (3D) flexible hybrid SERS substrate with high sensitivity and good reproducibility...

Rapid and sensitive determination of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables is critical for human health and ecosystems. This paper used an Ag-modified CuO sphere-cavity array (CuO@Ag) electrode as a thiram SERS/electrochemical dual readout detection platform. Numerous Raman "hotspots" generated by uniformly distributed silver nanoparticles, charge transfer at the CuO@Ag interface, and the formation of Ag-thiram complexes contribute to the significant enhancement of this SERS substrate, which results in excellent SERS performance with an enhancement factor up to 1...

Pesticides play an important role in conventional agriculture. Yet, their harmful effects on the environment are becoming increasingly apparent. The occurrence of pesticides is hence being monitored worldwide. For fast, easy, yet sensitive identification, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful tool. In this study, a method is introduced that may be amended to in-field detection of pesticides. Gold and silver nanoparticles were synthesized, size-tailored, and characterized. The herbicide paraquat and the fungicide thiram served as model compounds...

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been regarded as a highly promising substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors. In this study, we focused on the electrochemical synthesis method by developing three kinds of AgNPs using three different electrolytes: citrate (e-Ag-C), oleic acid (e-Ag-O) and fish mint ( Houttuynia cordata Thunb.) extract (e-Ag-bio). The as-prepared AgNPs were characterized and then employed as SERS substrates to detect the pesticide thiram. The obtained results show that e-Ag-O exhibits the best SERS performance...

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enables pesticide residue monitoring to become facile and efficient. In this study, a core-shell structured gold nanoparticles@ZnCo metal-organic framework (AuNPs@ZnCo-MOF) SERS substrate was designed and successfully synthesized for efficient and selective detection of thiram. The bimetallic ZnCo-MOF shell can not only enrich the targeted molecules in the electromagnetic field because of its excellent absorptive capacity, but also act as a stabilized matrix for protecting the AuNPs from aggregation...

Considering pesticide residues cause significant harm to public health and the environment, developing a simple, sensitive, and reliable approach to pesticide residue detection to address this issue is necessary. In this study, an ultrasensitive and reliable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor was developed using cetylpyridinium chloride as a protecting and reducing agent for the in situ synthesis and self-assembly of C-Ag nanoparticles on nanoporous GaN for the quantitative detection of thiram...

Thiram is a toxic fungicide extensively used for the management of pathogens in fruits. Although it is known that thiram degrades in plant tissues, the key enzymes involved in this process remain unexplored. In this study, we report that a tau class glutathione S-transferase from Carica papaya (TCpGST) can degrade thiram. This enzyme was easily obtained by heterologous expression in E. coli, showed low promiscuity towards other thiuram disulfides, and catalyzed thiram degradation under physiological reaction conditions...

Here, we describe the synthesis of a plasmonic particle-in-a-frame architecture in which a solid Au octahedron is enclosed by a Au cubic nanoframe. The octahedra are positioned inside and surrounded by outer Au cubic nanoframes, creating intra-nanogaps within a single entity. Six sharp vertexes in the Au octahedra point toward the open (100) facets of the cubic nanoframes. This allows not only efficient interactions with the surroundings but also tip-enhanced electromagnetic near-field focusing at the sharp tips of the octahedra, combined with intraparticle coupling...

Pesticide residues on vegetables could be removed by commercial detergents to guarantee food safety, but the removal efficiencies of different formulations of detergents need to be further investigated. In this work, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) imaging method due to its good space resolution as well as high sensitivity is used to track the thiram residue, and evaluate the pesticide removing efficiencies by mixtures of several surfactants at different ratios. Sodium linear alkylbenzene sulphonate-alkyl glycoside (LAS-APG) with the ratio at 5:5 and the concentration at 0...

In response to the prevalent issue of thiram as a common pesticide residue on the surface of fruits and vegetables, our research team employed an acidic hydrated metal salt low co-fusion solvent to dissolve cellulose lysis slurry. Subsequently, a regenerated cellulose membrane (RCM) was successfully prepared via sol-gel method. Uniformly sized Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were deposited on RCM utilizing the continuous ion layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique. The resulting Ag NPs/RCM flexible surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates exhibited a minimum detection limit of 5 × 10-9  M for Rhodamine 6G (R6G), demonstrating good uniformity (RSD = 4...