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REVIEW
Jinchuan Shi, Gaoxiang Ying, Rongrong Zheng, Zhongdong Zhang
BACKGROUND: People living with HIV (PLWH) and receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) have a goal of achieving and maintaining viral suppression; however, the existence of PLWH that show events of low-level viremia (LLV) between 50 and 1000 copies/mL and with different virological consequences have been observed. Moreover, some reports indicate that LLV status can lead to residual immune activation and inflammation, leading to a higher occurrence of non-AIDS-defining events (nADEs) and other adverse clinical outcomes...
March 2024: HIV Medicine
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wenwen Jiang, Keshet Ronen, Lusi Osborn, Alison L Drake, Jennifer A Unger, Daniel Matemo, Barbra A Richardson, John Kinuthia, Grace John-Stewart
BACKGROUND: Differentiated service delivery (DSD) approaches decrease frequency of clinic visits for individuals who are stable on antiretroviral therapy (ART). It is unclear how to optimize DSD models for postpartum women living with HIV (PWLH). We evaluated longitudinal HIV viral load (VL) and cofactors, and modelled DSD eligibility with virologic failure (VF) among PWLH in PMTCT programs. METHODS: This analysis used programmatic data from participants in the Mobile WAChX trial (NCT02400671)...
November 15, 2023: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes: JAIDS
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Natalie N Kinloch, Aniqa Shahid, Winnie Dong, Don Kirkby, Bradley R Jones, Charlotte J Beelen, Daniel MacMillan, Guinevere Q Lee, Talia M Mota, Hanwei Sudderuddin, Evan Barad, Marianne Harris, Chanson J Brumme, R Brad Jones, Mark A Brockman, Jeffrey B Joy, Zabrina L Brumme
Characterizing the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoir that endures despite antiretroviral therapy (ART) is critical to cure efforts. We observed that the oldest proviruses persisting during ART were exclusively defective, while intact proviruses (and rebound HIV) dated to nearer ART initiation. This helps explain why studies that sampled sub-genomic proviruses on-ART (which are largely defective) routinely found sequences dating to early infection, whereas those that sampled replication-competent HIV found almost none...
November 16, 2023: MBio
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Abbas Mohammadi, Behzad Etemad, Xin Zhang, Yijia Li, Gregory J Bedwell, Radwa Sharaf, Autumn Kittilson, Meghan Melberg, Charles R Crain, Anna K Traunbauer, Colline Wong, Jesse Fajnzylber, Daniel P Worrall, Alex Rosenthal, Hannah Jordan, Nikolaus Jilg, Clarety Kaseke, Francoise Giguel, Xiaodong Lian, Rinki Deo, Elisabeth Gillespie, Rida Chishti, Sara Abrha, Taylor Adams, Abigail Siagian, Dominic Dorazio, Peter L Anderson, Steven G Deeks, Michael M Lederman, Sigal Yawetz, Daniel R Kuritzkes, Mathias D Lichterfeld, Scott Sieg, Athe Tsibris, Mary Carrington, Zabrina L Brumme, Jose R Castillo-Mancilla, Alan N Engelman, Gaurav D Gaiha, Jonathan Z Li
Non-suppressible HIV-1 viremia (NSV) is defined as persistent low-level viremia on antiretroviral therapy (ART) without evidence of ART non-adherence or significant drug resistance. Unraveling the mechanisms behind NSV would broaden our understanding of HIV-1 persistence. Here we analyzed plasma virus sequences in eight ART-treated individuals with NSV (88% male) and show that they are composed of large clones without evidence of viral evolution over time in those with longitudinal samples. We defined proviruses that match plasma HIV-1 RNA sequences as 'producer proviruses', and those that did not as 'non-producer proviruses'...
December 2023: Nature Medicine
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Philipp Schommers, Dae Sung Kim, Maike Schlotz, Christoph Kreer, Ralf Eggeling, Anna Hake, Melanie Stecher, Juyeon Park, Caelan E Radford, Adam S Dingens, Meryem S Ercanoglu, Henning Gruell, Stanley Odidika, Marten Dahlhaus, Lutz Gieselmann, Elvin Ahmadov, Rene Y Lawong, Eva Heger, Elena Knops, Christoph Wyen, Tim Kümmerle, Katja Römer, Stefan Scholten, Timo Wolf, Christoph Stephan, Isabelle Suárez, Nagarajan Raju, Anurag Adhikari, Stefan Esser, Hendrik Streeck, Ralf Duerr, Aubin J Nanfack, Susan Zolla-Pazner, Christof Geldmacher, Otto Geisenberger, Arne Kroidl, Wiston William, Lucas Maganga, Nyanda Elias Ntinginya, Ivelin S Georgiev, Jörg J Vehreschild, Michael Hoelscher, Gerd Fätkenheuer, Jason J Lavinder, Jesse D Bloom, Michael S Seaman, Clara Lehmann, Nico Pfeifer, George Georgiou, Florian Klein
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) that prevent infection are the main goal of HIV vaccine discovery. But as no nAb-eliciting vaccines are yet available, only data from HIV-1 neutralizers-persons with HIV-1 who naturally develop broad and potent nAbs-can inform about the dynamics and durability of nAb responses in humans, knowledge which is crucial for the design of future HIV-1 vaccine regimens. To address this, we assessed HIV-1-neutralizing immunoglobulin G (IgG) from 2,354 persons with HIV-1 on or off antiretroviral therapy (ART)...
November 2023: Nature Medicine
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaoen He, Yik Chun Wong, Menglong Zhong, Yufei Mo, Bo Li, Lok Yan Yim, Xin Li, Wan Liu, Yanhua Du, Hui Wang, Haoji Zhang, Zhiwei Chen
An effective vaccine for combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)-free virologic control of HIV-1 by enhancing antigen-specific effector-memory CD8+ T lymphocytes could be useful in controlling the AIDS pandemic. Previously, we demonstrated that a programmed death-1 (PD-1)-based DNA vaccine, pRhPD1-p27, was effective in inducing Gag-p27-specific effector-memory CD8+ T cells for viremia suppression in rhesus macaques infected with pathogenic SHIVSF162P3CN for 2 years. In this follow-up study, we report on two pRhPD1-p27-vaccinated and SHIVSF162P3CN -infected macaques that have remained alive to date with undetectable viremia levels and low proviral loads over 6 years in the absence of cART, achieving a state of sustained virologic control...
November 3, 2023: Microbiology Spectrum
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hortensia Álvarez, Alicia Gutiérrez-Valencia, Ana Mariño, Abraham Saborido-Alconchel, Beatriz Calderón-Cruz, Alexandre Pérez-González, Jacobo Alonso-Domínguez, Inés Martínez-Barros, María Gallego-Rodríguez, Santiago Moreno, Teresa Aldamiz, Marta Montero-Alonso, Enrique Bernal, Carlos Galera, Josep M Llibre, Eva Poveda
BACKGROUND: Interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) and monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG) are chemokines recognized as inflammatory biomarkers during HIV-1 infection. We assessed their early and long-term dynamics after initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART). METHODS: Persons with HIV-1 (PWH) aged>18 years starting their first ART in 2015-2021 in a prospective cohort (n=73) were included. IP-10 and MIG plasma levels were quantified using a multiplexed bead-based assay...
2023: Frontiers in Immunology
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yana Sazonova, Roksolana Kulchynska, Marianna Azarskova, Mariia Liulchuk, Tetiana Salyuk, Ivan Doan, Ezra Barzilay
Achievement of viral load suppression among people living with HIV is one of the most important goals for effective HIV epidemic response. In Ukraine, people who inject drugs (PWID) experience the largest HIV burden. At the same time, this group disproportionally missed out in HIV treatment services. We performed a secondary data analysis of the national-wide cross-sectional bio-behavioral surveillance survey among PWID to assess the population-level prevalence of detectable HIV viremia and identify key characteristics that explain the outcome...
2023: PloS One
#29
Maggie C Duncan, F Harrison Omondi, Natalie N Kinloch, Hope R Lapointe, Sarah Speckmaier, Nadia Moran-Garcia, Tanya Lawson, Mari L DeMarco, Janet Simons, Daniel T Holmes, Christopher F Lowe, Nic Bacani, Paul Sereda, Rolando Barrios, Marianne Harris, Marc G Romney, Julio S G Montaner, Chanson J Brumme, Mark A Brockman, Zabrina L Brumme
OBJECTIVE: The immunogenic nature of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines led to some initial concern that these could stimulate the HIV reservoir. We analyzed changes in plasma HIV loads (pVL) and reservoir size following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in 62 people with HIV (PWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), and analyzed province-wide trends in pVL before and after the mass vaccination campaign. DESIGN: Longitudinal observational cohort and province-wide analysis. METHODS: 62 participants were sampled pre-vaccination, and one month after their first and second COVID-19 immunizations...
October 9, 2023: medRxiv
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lin Gan, Xiaoxin Xie, Yanhua Fu, Xiaoyan Yang, Shujing Ma, Linghong Kong, Chunli Song, Yebing Song, Tingting Ren, Hai Long
INTRODUCTION: Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) and dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG + 3TC) are well tolerated and effective in clinical trials. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these two schemes in a real-world setting and to obtain the first dataset for switching to BIC/FTC/TAF and DTG + 3TC in a Chinese population. METHODS: This retrospective single-center cohort study in China included participants who switched to DTG + 3TC or BIC/FTC/TAF between January 2020 and February 2023...
October 16, 2023: Infectious Diseases and Therapy
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lucas Hill, Stephanie Kenney, Nimish Patel, Jeffrey Yin, Kari Abulhosn, Afsana Karim, Laura Bamford
BACKGROUND: Predictors of virologic failure in those receiving long acting injectable (LAI) cabotegravir/rilpivirine (CAB/RPV) have been evaluated, however factors associated with low-level viremia, including blips and persistent low-level viremia (pLLV) are not well described. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed using data from April 2021 through December 2022. Inclusion criteria included treatment with CAB/RPV for at least three months, availability of pre- and post-switch HIV RNA values, HIV RNA value of <200 copies/mL (cpm) at time of switch to CAB/RPV, and at least one post-switch HIV RNA collected >21 days after start of CAB/RPV...
October 12, 2023: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes: JAIDS
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vitaliy A Matveev, Erik Z Mihelic, Erika Benko, Patrick Budylowski, Sebastian Grocott, Terry Lee, Chapin S Korosec, Karen Colwill, Henry Stephenson, Ryan Law, Lesley A Ward, Salma Sheikh-Mohamed, Geneviève Mailhot, Melanie Delgado-Brand, Adrian Pasculescu, Jenny H Wang, Freda Qi, Tulunay Tursun, Lela Kardava, Serena Chau, Philip Samaan, Annam Imran, Dennis C Copertino, Gary Chao, Yoojin Choi, Robert J Reinhard, Rupert Kaul, Jane M Heffernan, R Brad Jones, Tae-Wook Chun, Susan Moir, Joel Singer, Jennifer Gommerman, Anne-Claude Gingras, Colin Kovacs, Mario Ostrowski
Older individuals and people with HIV (PWH) were prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination, yet comprehensive studies of the immunogenicity of these vaccines and their effects on HIV reservoirs are not available. Our study on 68 PWH and 23 HIV-negative participants aged 55 and older post-three vaccine doses showed equally strong anti-spike IgG responses in serum and saliva through week 48 from baseline, while PWH salivary IgA responses were low. PWH had diminished live-virus neutralization responses after two vaccine doses, which were 'rescued' post-booster...
October 20, 2023: IScience
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cassim N, Hans L, Venter Wdf, Sarang S, Da Silva P, Stevens Ws
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) severely disrupted routine healthcare globally. This study assessed the impact of successive COVID-19 waves on HIV viral load (VL) suppression in South Africa, using the national public sector laboratory database. Guidelines recommend VL monitoring at 6 months after treatment initiation, and annually once suppressed, or more frequently if unsuppressed. METHODS: Specimen-level VL data was extracted for the period January 2019 to December 2021...
September 19, 2023: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes: JAIDS
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jayne Ellis, Ananta S Bangdiwala, Caleb P Skipper, Lillian Tugume, Laura Nsangi, John Matovu, Katelyn A Pastick, Kenneth Ssebambulidde, Bozena M Morawski, Abdu K Musubire, Mark R Schleiss, David A J Moore, Joseph N Jarvis, David R Boulware, David B Meya, Barbara Castelnuovo
BACKGROUND: Adults with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis have overlapping burdens of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and tuberculosis (TB) coinfections. CMV infection/reactivation is strongly associated with CMV-specific memory T-cell activation and upregulation of type 1 interferons, which may lead to increased risk of TB disease and poor outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study of 2-week survivors of cryptococcal meningitis during 2010-2021 to determine TB incidence and all-cause mortality over time stratified by baseline CMV status...
September 2023: Open Forum Infectious Diseases
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Appolonia Aoko, Sherri Pals, Timothy Ngugi, Elizabeth Katiku, Rachael Joseph, Frank Basiye, Davies Kimanga, Maureen Kimani, Kenneth Masamaro, Evelyn Ngugi, Paul Musingila, Lucy Nganga, Raphael Ondondo, Valeria Makory, Rose Ayugi, Lazarus Momanyi, Barbara Mambo, Nancy Bowen, Salome Okutoyi, Helen M Chun
BACKGROUND: HIV low-level viremia (LLV) (51-999 copies/mL) can progress to treatment failure and increase potential for drug resistance. We analyzed retrospective longitudinal data from people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Kenya to understand LLV prevalence and virologic outcomes. METHODS: We calculated rates of virologic suppression (≤50 copies/mL), LLV (51-999 copies/mL), virologic non-suppression (≥1000 copies/mL), and virologic failure (≥2 consecutive virologic non-suppression results) among PLHIV aged 15 years and older who received at least 24 weeks of ART during 2015-2021...
September 2023: EClinicalMedicine
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Linghong Kong, Xiaoxin Xie, Yanhua Fu, Lin Gan, Xiaoyan Yang, Shujing Ma, Hai Long
BACKGROUND: Prospective studies examining long-term therapeutic outcomes of the Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) regimen in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remain limited. This study assessed the actual efficacy and safety of BIC/FTC/TAF in HIV-infected individuals in southwest China. METHODS: This was a single-center, prospective study enrolling ART-naïve (n = 32) and ART-experienced (n = 177) HIV-infected patients administered BIC/FTC/TAF treatment between March 2022 and August 2022...
August 2023: Immunity, Inflammation and Disease
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yun Lan, Xuemei Ling, Xizi Deng, Yaqing Lin, Junbin Li, Liya Li, Ruiying He, Weiping Cai, Feng Li, Linghua Li, Fengyu Hu
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficiently reduces the morbidities and mortalities caused by HIV-1 infection and prevents the HIV epidemic. However, virologic failure (VF) occurs in some patients receiving ART experience, especially increases in those patients with intermittent or persistent low-level viremia (LLV). The presence of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in LLV was a strong predictor of subsequent VF. The data on drug resistance (DR) or DRMs for HIV-1 infections at low-level viral load (LLVL) are limited in China...
2023: Infection and Drug Resistance
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniele Di Carlo, Francesca Falasca, Laura Mazzuti, Giuliana Guerrizio, Giuseppe Migliara, Marta Santori, Alessandro Lazzaro, Ivano Mezzaroma, Gabriella D'Ettorre, Caterina Fimiani, Giancarlo Iaiani, Guido Antonelli, Ombretta Turriziani
The persistence of low human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in individuals undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) still threatens their health. Previous findings have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) could interfere with several steps of the viral life cycle. Herein, we set out to investigate the expression of miR-150, miR-223, miR-382, miR-324-5p, miR-33a-5p, miR-34a, and miR-132 in the whole peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) population from people living with HIV-1 showing different levels of viral suppression...
July 31, 2023: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paraskevi C Fragkou, Ignatios Ikonomidis, Dimitrios Benas, Dimitra Kavatha, Charalampos D Moschopoulos, Konstantinos Protopapas, Gavriella Kostelli, John Thymis, Dionysia Mpirmpa, Irene Galani, Maria Tsakona, Chrysanthi Oikonomopoulou, George Theocharous, Vassilis G Gorgoulis, Parisis Gallos, Sotirios Tsiodras, Anastasia Antoniadou, Antonios Papadopoulos, Helen Triantafyllidi
Endothelial glycocalyx (EG) derangement has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies on EG integrity among people living with HIV (PLWH), are lacking. We conducted a prospective cohort study among treatment-naïve PLWH who received emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide, combined with either an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI, dolutegravir, raltegravir or elvitegravir/cobicistat), or a protease inhibitor (PI, darunavir/cobicistat). We assessed EG at baseline, 24 (±4) and 48 (±4) weeks, by measuring the perfused boundary region (PBR, inversely proportional to EG thickness), in sublingual microvessels...
July 5, 2023: Viruses
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Helen M Chun, Kyle Milligan, Mary Adetinuke Boyd, Andrew Abutu, Pamela Bachanas, Emilio Dirlikov
BACKGROUND: Virologic suppression (VS) has been defined using an HIV viral load (VL) of <1,000 copies/mL. Low-level viremia (51-999 copies/mL) is associated with an increased risk of virologic failure and HIV drug resistance. METHODS: Retrospective data from persons with HIV (PWH) who initiated ART between January 2016-September 2022 in Nigeria were analyzed for VS at cut-off values <1000 copies/mL. RESULTS: In 2022, VS at <1000 copies/mL was 95...
July 28, 2023: AIDS
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