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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anuradha Ganesan, Hsing-Chuan Hsieh, Xiuping Chu, Rhonda E Colombo, Catherine Berjohn, Tahaniyat Lalani, Joseph Yabes, Christie A Joya, Jason Blaylock, Brian K Agan
BACKGROUND: The consequences of low-level viremia in people with HIV are unclear. We used data from the US Military HIV Natural History Study to examine the association of low-level viremia (LLV) and serious non-AIDS events (SNAEs). METHODS: Included participants initiated antiretroviral therapy after 1996 and had ≥3 viral loads (VLs) measured, using an assay with a lower limit of detection of <50 copies/mL, ≥6 months after antiretroviral therapy initiation...
April 2024: Open Forum Infectious Diseases
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aude Christelle Ka'e, Maria Mercedes Santoro, Leonardo Duca, Collins Ambe Chenwi, Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue, Alex Durand Nka, Naomi-Karell Etame, Willy Leroi Togna Pabo, Grace Beloumou, Marie Laure Mpouel, Sandrine Djupsa, Desire Takou, Samuel Martin Sosso, Hyppolite K Tchidjou, Vittorio Colizzi, Gregory-Edie Halle-Ekane, Carlo-Federico Perno, Sharon Lewin, R Brad Jones, Caroline T Tiemessen, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Joseph Fokam
BACKGROUND: With the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), most children living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are growing toward adolescence, with scarcity of evidence on the size of viral reservoirs to enhance paediatric cure research strategies. This study aims to compare HIV-1 proviral DNA levels according to virological response among adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV-1 (ALPHIV) and identify associated-factors in the Cameroonian context. METHODS: In this observational cohort study, HIV-1 RNA viremia and CD4+ T-cell count were assessed through RT-PCR and flow cytometry respectively at three time-points over 18 months of observation...
March 2024: Journal of Virus Eradication
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Olanrewaju Edun, Lucy Okell, Helen Chun, Anne-Cecile Z Bissek, Clement B Ndongmo, Judith D Shang, Hermann Brou, Eboi Ehui, Alexandre K Ekra, Harriet Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Sindisiwe S Dlamini, Choice Ginindza, Frehywot Eshetu, Yimam G Misganie, Sileshi Lulseged Desta, Thomas N O Achia, Appolonia Aoko, Sasi Jonnalagadda, Rose Wafula, Fred M Asiimwe, Shirley Lecher, Kondwani Nkanaunena, Mtemwa K Nyangulu, Rose Nyirenda, Anita Beukes, Johannes O Klemens, Negussie Taffa, Andrew A Abutu, Matthias Alagi, Man E Charurat, Ibrahim Dalhatu, Gambo Aliyu, Collins Kamanzi, Celestine Nyagatare, Gallican N Rwibasira, Mohamed F Jalloh, Werner M Maokola, George S Mgomella, Wilford L Kirungi, Christina Mwangi, Jennifer A Nel, Peter A Minchella, Gloria Gonese, Melodie A Nasr, Stephane Bodika, Elisabeth Mungai, Hetal K Patel, Katrina Sleeman, Kyle Milligan, Emilio Dirlikov, Andrew C Voetsch, Ray W Shiraishi, Jeffrey W Imai-Eaton
As antiretroviral treatment (ART) coverage for people living with HIV (PLHIV) increases, HIV programmes require up-to-date information about evolving HIV risk behaviour and transmission risk, including those with low-level viremia (LLV; >50 to ≤1000 copies/mL), to guide prevention priorities. We aimed to assess differences in sexual risk behaviours, distribution of viral load (VL) and proportion of transmission across PLHIV subgroups. We analysed data from Population-based HIV Impact Assessment surveys in 14 sub-Saharan African countries during 2015-2019...
2024: PLOS Glob Public Health
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paul Benson, Jennifer Kuretski, Cynthia Donovan, Gavin Harper, Deanna Merrill, Aimee A Metzner, Katie Mycock, Hannah Wallis, Andrew P Brogan, Jimena Patarroyo, Alan Oglesby
INTRODUCTION: Dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) was first approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2019 for the treatment of antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive people with HIV-1 based on results from the pivotal GEMINI-1/GEMINI-2 trials. Around that time, immediate initiation of treatment upon diagnosis was recommended in the US Department of Health and Human Services guidelines. Here we report results from 126 treatment-naive people with HIV-1 who initiated DTG/3TC as part of a test-and-treat strategy (n = 61) or with high baseline viral loads (HIV-1 RNA ≥ 100,000 copies/ml; n = 16) from the TANDEM study...
April 3, 2024: Infectious Diseases and Therapy
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mark Underwood, Rimgaile Urbaityte, Ruolan Wang, Joe Horton, James Oyee, Brian Wynne, Dainielle Fox, Bryn Jones, Choy Man, Jörg Sievers
In GEMINI-1/-2, dolutegravir + lamivudine was non-inferior to dolutegravir + tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) in achieving viral suppression (viral load [VL] < 50 copies/mL) in treatment-naive adults. Abbott's RealTime HIV-1 assay provides quantitative VL (40-10,000,000 copies/mL) and qualitative target detected or target not detected (TND) for VL < 40 copies/mL. This post hoc analysis assessed very-low-level viremia and "blips" through Week 144. Proportions with VL < 40 copies/mL and TND are presented overall and by baseline VL and CD4+ cell count...
March 6, 2024: Viruses
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emil Johansson, Jamirah Nazziwa, Eva Freyhult, Mun-Gwan Hong, Jacob Lindman, Malin Neptin, Sara Karlson, Melinda Rezeli, Antonio J Biague, Patrik Medstrand, Fredrik Månsson, Hans Norrgren, Joakim Esbjörnsson, Marianne Jansson
Despite low or undetectable plasma viral load, people living with HIV-2 (PLWH2) typically progress toward AIDS. The driving forces behind HIV-2 disease progression and the role of viremia are still not known, but low-level replication in tissues is believed to play a role. To investigate the impact of viremic and aviremic HIV-2 infection on target and bystander cell pathology, we used data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry to determine plasma signatures of tissue and cell type engagement. Proteins derived from target and bystander cells in multiple tissues, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain, were detected at elevated levels in plasma of PLWH2, compared with HIV negative controls...
April 19, 2024: IScience
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arjen J Stam, Ninée V E J Buchholtz, Wouter F W Bierman, Reinout van Crevel, Andy I M Hoepelman, Mark A A Claassen, Heidi S M Ammerlaan, Berend J van Welzen, Marjo E E van Kasteren, Steven F L van Lelyveld, Dorien de Jong, Kiki Tesselaar, Matthijs van Luin, Monique Nijhuis, Annemarie M J Wensing, Lowerit Study Team
There is an ongoing debate regarding whether low-level viremia (LLV), in particular persistent LLV, during HIV treatment with optimal adherence originates from low-level viral replication, viral production, or both. We performed an observational study in 30 individuals with LLV who switched to a boosted darunavir (DRV)-based therapy. In-depth virological analyses were used to characterize the viral population and the (activity) of the viral reservoir. Immune activation was examined using cell-bound and soluble markers...
January 25, 2024: Viruses
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maurus Kohler, Jennifer A Brown, Nadine Tschumi, Malebanye Lerotholi, Lipontso Motaboli, Moliehi Mokete, Frédérique Chammartin, Niklaus D Labhardt
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus low-level viremia (LLV) is associated with subsequent treatment failure at least with non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-containing antiretroviral therapy. Data on implications of LLV occurring under dolutegravir, which has largely replaced NNRTIs in Africa, are scarce, however. METHODS: We included adults with human immunodeficiency virus in Lesotho who had ≥2 viral loads (VLs) taken after ≥6 months of NNRTI- or dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy...
February 2024: Open Forum Infectious Diseases
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jeffrey A Johnson, Jin-Fen Li, Joseph A Politch, Jonathan T Lipscomb, Ariana Santos Tino, Jason DeFelice, Marcy Gelman, Deborah J Anderson, Kenneth H Mayer
As use of HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) increases and formulations are being developed for maintenance therapies and chemoprophylaxis, assessing virus suppression under INSTI-based regimens in prevention-relevant biologic compartments, such as the male genital tract, is timely. We used cell-source marker virion immunocapture to examine amplification of particle RNA then assessed the phylogenetic relatedness of seminal and blood viral sequences from men with HIV who were prescribed INSTI-based regimens...
February 13, 2024: Journal of Infectious Diseases
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hortensia Álvarez, Josep M Llibre
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
February 2024: Open Forum Infectious Diseases
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Victor Sanchez-Merino, Miguel Martin-Serrano, Manuela Beltran, Beatriz Lazaro-Martin, Eloisa Cervantes, Manuel Oltra, Talia Sainz, Felipe Garcia, Maria Luisa Navarro, Eloisa Yuste
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) bind and neutralize diverse HIV isolates and demonstrate protective effects in primate models and humans against specific isolates. To develop an effective HIV vaccine, it is widely believed that inducing these antibodies is crucial. However, the high somatic hypermutation in bnAbs and the limited affinity of HIV Env proteins for bnAb germline precursors suggest that extended antigen exposure is necessary for their production. Consequently, HIV vaccine research is exploring complex sequential vaccination strategies to guide the immune response through maturation stages...
December 20, 2023: Vaccines
#12
REVIEW
Jason W Rausch, Shadab Parvez, Sachi Pathak, Adam A Capoferri, Mary F Kearney
The principal barrier to an HIV-1 cure is the persistence of infected cells harboring replication-competent proviruses despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). HIV-1 transcriptional suppression, referred to as viral latency, is foremost among persistence determinants, as it allows infected cells to evade the cytopathic effects of virion production and killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and other immune factors. HIV-1 persistence is also governed by cellular proliferation, an innate and essential capacity of CD4+ T cells that both sustains cell populations over time and enables a robust directed response to immunological threats...
January 11, 2024: Viruses
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maggie C Duncan, F Harrison Omondi, Natalie N Kinloch, Hope R Lapointe, Sarah Speckmaier, Nadia Moran-Garcia, Tanya Lawson, Mari L DeMarco, Janet Simons, Daniel T Holmes, Christopher F Lowe, Nic Bacani, Paul Sereda, Rolando Barrios, Marianne Harris, Marc G Romney, Julio S G Montaner, Chanson J Brumme, Mark A Brockman, Zabrina L Brumme
OBJECTIVE: The immunogenic nature of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines led to some initial concern that these could stimulate the HIV reservoir. We analyzed changes in plasma HIV loads (pVL) and reservoir size following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in 62 people with HIV (PWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), and analyzed province-wide trends in pVL before and after the mass vaccination campaign. DESIGN: Longitudinal observational cohort and province-wide analysis. METHODS: 62 participants were sampled pre-vaccination, and one month after their first and second COVID-19 immunizations...
January 15, 2024: AIDS
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaojie Lao, Hanxi Zhang, Meiju Deng, Qun Li, Qing Xiao, Lin He, Liying Ma, Aqian Song, Xuelei Liang, Fengting Yu, Hongxin Zhao, Fujie Zhang
BACKGROUND: Low-level viremia (LLV) has been identified as a potential precursor to virologic failure (VF), yet its clinical implications, particularly within the context of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs)-based regimens, remain insufficiently explored. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between LLV and VF within ART-naïve patients on INSTIs-based regimens in China. METHODS: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted with ART-naïve patients aged ≥ 18 years at Beijing Ditan Hospital, under the Chinese National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program (NFATP)...
January 2, 2024: BMC Infectious Diseases
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jana Blazkova, Emily J Whitehead, Rachel Schneck, Victoria Shi, J Shawn Justement, M Ali Rai, Brooke D Kennedy, Maegan R Manning, Lauren Praiss, Kathleen Gittens, Paul A Wender, Cihan Oguz, Justin Lack, Susan Moir, Tae-Wook Chun
BACKGROUND: A better understanding of the dynamics of HIV reservoirs in CD4+ T cells of people with HIV (PWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for developing therapies to eradicate the virus. METHODS: We conducted a study involving 28 aviremic PWH receiving ART with high and low levels of HIV DNA. We analyzed immunologic and virologic parameters and their association with the HIV reservoir size. RESULTS: The frequency of CD4+ T cells carrying HIV DNA was associated with higher pre-ART plasma viremia, lower pre-ART CD4+ T cell counts, and lower pre-ART CD4/CD8 ratios...
December 21, 2023: Journal of Infectious Diseases
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Privilege Tendai Munjoma, Panashe Chandiwana, Jacqueline Wyss, Arthur John Mazhandu, Sebastian Bruno Ulrich Jordi, Rutendo Gutsire, Leolin Katsidzira, Bahtiyar Yilmaz, Benjamin Misselwitz, Kerina Duri
INTRODUCTION: Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) effectively controls HIV; however, chronic low-level viremia and gut microbiota dysbiosis remain significant drivers of gut and systemic inflammation. In this study, we explored the relationship between gut microbiota composition, intestinal inflammation, microbial translocation, and systemic inflammation in women on cART in Sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: We conducted a study in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected lactating women followed up at 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum in Harare, Zimbabwe...
2023: Frontiers in Immunology
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jin-Wen Song, Guang Yang, Matilda N Kamara, Wei Sun, Qun Guan, Umu Barrie, Darlinda F Jiba, Abdulai Tejan Jalloh, Ming Liu, Francis K Tamba, George A Yendewa, Ligui Wang, Rongtao Zhao, Sulaiman Lakoh
INTRODUCTION: Viral load assessment for people living with HIV is key for monitoring treatment and achieving the 95-95-95. In this study, we aimed to assess the degree of viral suppression at different thresholds and treatment duration after the introduction of dolutegravir-based therapy in ten public hospitals in Sierra Leone. METHODS: We used a cross-sectional study design to recruits patients aged 18 years or older between August 2022 and January 2023. Statistical analyses were performed using R-software...
November 29, 2023: Virology Journal
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sonya Krishnan, Christopher K Lippincott, Stephanie Bjerrum, Marina B Martinez Rivera, Maunank Shah
BACKGROUND: HIV clinical practice guidelines outline broad treatment principles but offer less explicit recommendations by permutations of encountered viral resistance. We hypothesize that there is variability in antiretroviral (ARV) regimen decision making among providers when considering HIV drug resistance (HIVDR). METHODS: US HIV providers provided ARV regimen recommendations for case vignettes in a series of electronic surveys encompassing variations of HIVDR...
November 2023: Open Forum Infectious Diseases
#19
REVIEW
Jinchuan Shi, Gaoxiang Ying, Rongrong Zheng, Zhongdong Zhang
BACKGROUND: People living with HIV (PLWH) and receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) have a goal of achieving and maintaining viral suppression; however, the existence of PLWH that show events of low-level viremia (LLV) between 50 and 1000 copies/mL and with different virological consequences have been observed. Moreover, some reports indicate that LLV status can lead to residual immune activation and inflammation, leading to a higher occurrence of non-AIDS-defining events (nADEs) and other adverse clinical outcomes...
March 2024: HIV Medicine
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wenwen Jiang, Keshet Ronen, Lusi Osborn, Alison L Drake, Jennifer A Unger, Daniel Matemo, Barbra A Richardson, John Kinuthia, Grace John-Stewart
BACKGROUND: Differentiated service delivery (DSD) approaches decrease frequency of clinic visits for individuals who are stable on antiretroviral therapy (ART). It is unclear how to optimize DSD models for postpartum women living with HIV (PWLH). We evaluated longitudinal HIV viral load (VL) and cofactors, and modelled DSD eligibility with virologic failure (VF) among PWLH in PMTCT programs. METHODS: This analysis used programmatic data from participants in the Mobile WAChX trial (NCT02400671)...
November 15, 2023: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes: JAIDS
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