Cognitive dysfunction associated with hormones

UNLABELLED: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder typically characterized by body composition abnormalities, hyperphagia, behavioral challenges, cognitive dysfunction, and hormone deficiencies. Hypogonadism is common but knowledge on potential side effects of testosterone replacement is limited, in particular, the long-term effects on behavior and PSA. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective case studies of seven men, median age 46 years, with genetically verified PWS, testosterone treated hypogonadism and available PSA values were included...

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects 10-26% of adults in the United States with known sex differences in prevalence and severity. OSA is characterized by elevated inflammation, oxidative stress (OS), and cognitive dysfunction. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the role of sex in the OSA phenotype. Prior findings suggest women exhibit different OSA phenotypes than men, which could result in under-reported OSA prevalence in women. To examine the relationship between OSA and sex, we used chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) to model OSA in rats...

BACKGROUND: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (NCD) are poorly characterized in terms of their risk factor profiles. Leptin and adiponectin are adipose-tissue-derived hormones with a role in inflammation and atherosclerosis whose function in perioperative NCD is unclear. Here, we used a cohort of older adults to examine the association of preoperative plasma concentrations of these biomarkers with the risk of perioperative NCD. METHODS: Prospective analysis of 768 participants aged ≥ 65 years of the BioCog study...

The current understanding of the correlation between insulin resistance (IR) and cognitive dysfunction is limited. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the association between the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, a recently suggested indicator of IR, and cognitive impairment and dementia in the adult population. Observational studies pertinent to our research were identified through comprehensive searches of the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. To account for potential heterogeneity, the random-effects models were employed to aggregate the findings...

This study investigates the sex-specific role of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal axis in Alzheimer's disease progression, utilizing ADNI1 data for 493 individuals, analyzing plasma levels of gonadotropic and sex hormones, and examining neurodegeneration-related brain structures. We assessed plasma levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P4), and testosterone (T), along with volumetric measures of the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and hypothalamic subunits, to explore their correlation with Alzheimer's disease markers across different cognitive statuses and sexes...

OBJECTIVE: Childhood cancer survivors are at risk for hypogonadism. Impact of hypogonadism on neurocognitive impairment and emotional distress in the non-cancer population has been shown, however, the relationship among childhood cancer survivor population is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the contribution of hypogonadism to neurocognitive impairment and emotional distress among survivors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using retrospective cohort. METHODS: 3628 survivors who completed standard neurocognitive tests (six domains: processing speed, memory, executive function, attention, academics, global cognition) and self-reported emotional distress were included in our study...

Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS), and neuroinflammation has been shown to have detrimental effects on mood and cognition. The growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), the biologically relevant receptor of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin, is primarily expressed in the brain. Our previous study showed that neuronal GHSR deletion prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO). Here, we investigated the effect of neuronal GHSR deletion on emotional and cognitive functions in DIO...

INTRODUCTION: Cerebrovascular pathologies contribute to cognitive decline during aging, leading to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Levels of circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a vasoprotective hormone, decrease during aging. Decreased circulating IGF-1 in animal models leads to the development of VCID-like symptoms, but the cellular mechanisms underlying IGF-1-deficiency associated pathologies in the aged cerebrovasculature remain poorly understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play an integral part in mediating the vasoprotective effects of IGF-1...

INTRODUCTION: Acromegaly patients, in addition to the most prominent physical and endocrine changes, also exhibit a higher risk of cognitive dysfunction. However, the reasons and mechanisms underlying cognitive impairments in acromegaly patients remain unknown. METHODS: Acromegalic rats were induced by subcutaneous injection of tumor cells, with continuous monitoring of body weight and hormonal to confirm the occurrence of acromegaly. Behavioral assessments, including Open Field Test, Novel Object Recognition Test, and Barnes maze Test, were conducted to evaluate the animals' cognitive function...

BACKGROUND: Menopausal women often complain of a range of physical and psychological symptoms known as menopausal syndrome. These symptoms are associated with fluctuating hormone levels, sleep disturbances, and mood swings. AIM: This study aimed to examine the efficacy of a program-based cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBT) for insomnia and depression among women experiencing menopause. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial of 88 women experiencing menopause was conducted in Egypt from June to September 2022 in outpatient clinics at Mansoura University Hospitals in Egypt...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pre-menopausal women diagnosed with hormone receptor (HR) breast cancer are candidates for prolonged hypoestrogenism to improve cancer outcomes. However, the disease benefit eclipses the toxicities associated with ovarian function suppression (OFS), which are often under-reported. RECENT FINDINGS: Increased risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease, bone disorders, and metabolic disorders is well reported in women with no history of cancer, after surgical oophorectomy or premature ovarian failure...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a global health challenge, engendering various physiological and metabolic shifts that significantly impact health and escalate the susceptibility to severe illnesses. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate complexities of CKD, scrutinizing its influence on cellular growth homeostasis, hormonal equilibrium, wasting, malnutrition, and its interconnectedness with inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular diseases. Exploring the genetic, birth-related, and comorbidity factors associated with CKD, alongside considerations of metabolic disturbances, anemia, and malnutrition, the review elucidates how CKD orchestrates cellular growth control...

INTRODUCTION: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of acquired neurological morbidity. The prevalence of post-traumatic hypopituitarism (PTHP) and associated morbidity after childhood TBI is unclear. Our study investigated long term HPA (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal) axis function, in a prospective childhood TBI and control cohort, using measures of cortisol/cortisone secretion (physiological, stimulated), HPA axis feedback and exploring associations with fatigue, depression and Quality of Life (QoL) outcomes...

BACKGROUND: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), a genetically determined disorder, the most frequent cause of early onset obesity, is associated with physical and cognitive dysfunctions and behavioural disturbances; these disturbances are frequently treated with psychotropic medication. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe the characteristics of the first large national sample of persons with PWS in Spain and analyse the relationships of those characteristics with key demographic and clinical factors, particularly with obesity and the regular use of psychotropic medication...

BACKGROUND: Maternal elevated glucocorticoid levels during pregnancy can affect the developing fetus, permanently altering the structure and function of its brain throughout life. Excessive action of these hormones is known to contribute to psychiatric disorders, including depression. MATERIALS: The study was performed in a rat model of depression based on prenatal administration of dexamethasone (DEX) in late pregnancy (0.1 mg/kg, days 14-21). We evaluated the effects of prenatal DEX treatment on the cognition and bioenergetic signaling pathways in the brain of adult male rats, in the frontal cortex and hippocampus, and in response to stress in adulthood, using behavioral and biochemical test batteries...

BACKGROUND: One-third of veterans returning from the 1990-1991 Gulf War reported a myriad of symptoms including cognitive dysfunction, skin rashes, musculoskeletal discomfort, and fatigue. This symptom cluster is now referred to as Gulf War Illness (GWI). As the underlying mechanisms of GWI have yet to be fully elucidated, diagnosis and treatment are based on symptomatic presentation. One confounding factor tied to the illness is the high presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)...

Hypopituitarism (HP) frequently occurs in patients presenting with sellar masses and despite recent advances in therapeutic options, HP patients consistently suffer from impaired quality of life due to psychological distress and cognitive dysfunction. These neurocognitive complications tend to persist in spite of surgical or biochemical remission of the disease making it especially challenging to segregate the effect of HP per se from other comorbidities such as the effect of tumour, surgery, radiation therapy, or complications caused by excess hormone production...

AIM: The risk for dementia is increased in postmenopausal women. The incidences of premature menopause and dementia have increased in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The potential benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on cognitive function may be a more critical issue for patients with CKD. METHODS: Women aged >40 years with or without HRT were identified using the 2009 National Health Screening Questionnaire. Women who were newly diagnosed with CKD between 2009 and 2013 were enrolled...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Our objective is to highlight the importance of identifying symptoms of steroid-responsive encephalopathy with associated thyroiditis (SREAT), especially in the setting of intermittent cognitive dysfunction, and to inform that SREAT can develop even in patients with a history of partial thyroidectomies. CASE REPORT: We present a case of a 51-year-old woman with a long-standing history of hypothyroidism presenting with acute onset myoclonus, involuntary tremors, fatigue, malaise, and palpitations for two weeks, with intermittent lapses in cognitive function...

Dementia is often characterized by age-dependent cerebrovascular pathology, neuroinflammation, and cognitive deficits with notable sex differences in risk, disease onset, progression and severity. Women bear a disproportionate burden of dementia, and the onset of menopause (i.e., perimenopause) may be a critical period conferring increased susceptibility. However, the contribution of early ovarian decline to the neuroinflammatory processes associated with cerebrovascular dementia risks, particularly at the initial stages of pathology that may be more amenable to proactive intervention, is unknown...