Intestinal And Transplantation

Nonmyeloablative, matched sibling donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with alemtuzumab/total body irradiation (TBI) conditioning is a curative therapy with low toxicity for adults with sickle cell disease (SCD). However, relatively low donor chimerism levels and graft rejection remain important challenges. We hypothesized that adding azathioprine/hydroxyurea preconditioning will improve donor chimerism levels and reduce graft failure rate. In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled consecutive adult patients with SCD undergoing matched sibling donor transplantation at the Amsterdam UMC...

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic inflammation and ulceration of the intestinal inner lining, resulting in various symptoms. Sea buckthorn berries contain a bioactive compound known as sea buckthorn polysaccharide (SBP). However, the precise mechanisms underlying the impact of SBP on UC remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of pretreatment with SBP on colitis induced by DSS. Our findings demonstrate that SBP pretreatment effectively reduces inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal barrier damage associated with colitis...

The role of the intestinal microbiota in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic diseases is increasingly significant. Consequently, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is emerging as a promising therapeutic avenue for various pancreatic disorders, including cancer, pancreatitis, and type 1 diabetes (T1D). This innovative procedure entails transferring gut microbiota from healthy donors to individuals affected by pancreatic ailments with the potential to restore intestinal balance and alleviate associated symptoms...

Gut microbiota variances reflecting the severity type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide (ABP) can regulate gut microbiota. However, the hypoglycemic effect and underlying mechanism of ABP remain unclear. Herein, we characterized the structure of ABP and revealed the hypoglycemic effect of ABP in mice with T2DM. ABP repaired the intestinal barrier in T2DM mice and regulated the composition and abundance of gut microbiota, especially increasing bacteria which producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), then increasing glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) level...

Peristaltic movements in gut are essential to propel ingested materials through the gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal resident macrophages play an important role in this physiological function through protecting enteric neurons. However, it is incompletely clear how individuals maintain the homeostasis of gut motility. Here we found that NLRP3 is a critical factor in controlling loss of muscularis resident macrophages (MMs), and demonstrate that MMs are involved in the homeostasis of excitatory neurons such as choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)+ and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2)+ but not inhibitory neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)+ neurons...

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) refers to symptoms of diarrhea that cannot be explained by other causes after the use of antibiotics. AAD is thought to be caused by a disruption of intestinal ecology due to antibiotics. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) is a treatment method that involves transferring microbial communities from the feces of healthy individuals into the patient's gut. METHOD: We selected 23 AAD patients who received FMT treatment in our department...

Intestinal transplantation (Itx) can be a life-saving treatment for certain patient populations, including those patients with intestinal failure (IF) who develop life-threatening complications due to the use of parenteral nutrition (PN). Most patients who have undergone Itx are eventually able to tolerate a full oral diet. However, little guidance or consensus exists regarding optimizing the specific components of an oral diet for Itx patients, including macronutrients, micronutrients and dietary patterns...

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a broad-spectrum and highly efficient anticancer agent, but its clinical implication is limited by lethal cardiotoxicity. Growing evidences have shown that alterations in intestinal microbial composition and function, namely dysbiosis, are closely linked to the progression of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) through regulating the gut-microbiota-heart (GMH) axis. The role of gut microbiota and its metabolites in DIC, however, is largely unelucidated. Our review will focus on the potential mechanism between gut microbiota dysbiosis and DIC, so as to provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of DIC...

As we all acknowledge benefits of ostomies, they can come with significant morbidity, quality of life issues, and major complications, especially during reversal procedures. In recent years, we have started to observe that similar graft and patient survival can be achieved without ostomies in certain cases. This observation and practice adopted in a few large-volume transplant centers opened a new discussion about the necessity of ostomies in intestinal transplantation. There is still more time and randomized studies will be needed to better understand and analyze the risk/benefits of "No-ostomy" approach in intestinal transplantation...

Hirschsprung's disease is a dysmotility disease caused by lack of ganglion cells in the bowel wall that can affect varying lengths of the intestine. In extreme circumstances, there can be little remaining ganglionated bowel, and the patient becomes dependent on parental nutrition (PN) for survival. Intestinal transplant has been utilized to salvage these patients suffering terminal complications of PN. The question as to whether to reestablish intestinal continuity, and thus not require a stoma is vexed. However, data and experience would suggest this can be safely done with good functional results...

The traditional procedure for multivisceral transplant (MVT) is to transplant the stomach, pancreas, intestine, and liver en bloc. During surgery, the native spleen is routinely removed from the recipient, and it usually creates more space in the abdomen to insert the allogeneic graft. Thus, recipients often become asplenic after MVT. Considering all of the risks and benefits, we advocate that temporary transplant of the donor spleen could be the best option for MVT recipients; it could potentially reduce the rate of intestinal allograft rejection without increasing the risk for graft-versus-host disease...

Failure to close the abdomen after intestinal or multivisceral transplantation (Tx) remains a frequently occurring problem. Two attractive reconstruction methods, especially in large abdominal wall defects, are full-thickness abdominal wall vascularized composite allograft (AW-VCA) and nonvascularized rectus fascia (NVRF) Tx. This review compares surgical technique, immunology, integration, clinical experience, and indications of both techniques. In AW-VCA Tx, vascular anastomosis is required and the graft undergoes hypotrophy post-Tx...

Consensus remains elusive in the definition and indications of multivisceral transplantation (MVT) within the transplant community. MVT encompasses transplantation of all organs reliant on the celiac artery axis and the superior mesenteric artery in different combinations. Some institutions classify MVT as involving the grafting of the stomach or ascending colon in addition to the jejunoileal complex. MVT indications span a wide spectrum of conditions, including tumors, intestinal dysmotility disorders, and trauma...

Outcomes for patients with chronic intestinal failure have improved with organization of experts into multidisciplinary teams delivering care in intestinal rehabilitation programs. There have been improvements in understanding of intestinal failure complications as well as development of newer therapies that have amplified the improvements in survival. In spite of this encouraging trend, patients who fail PN are often referred too late for intestinal transplantation. The author proposes a more rational framework that might allow earlier identification of intestinal failure patients at risk for PN-failure, who could appropriately be considered earlier for intestinal transplantation with improvements in overall outcomes...

Intestinal allotransplantation was first described in the 1960s and successfully performed in the 1980s. Since that time, less progress has been made in the preservation of the allograft before transplantation and static cold storage remains the current standard. Normothermic machine perfusion represents an opportunity to simultaneously preserve, assess, and recondition the organ for transplantation and improve the procurement radius for allografts. The substantial progress made in the field during the last 60 years, coupled with the success of the preclinical animal model of machine perfusion-preserved intestinal transplantation, suggest we are approaching the point of clinical application...

Copper (Cu) serves as an essential cofactor in all organisms, yet excessive Cu exposure is widely recognized for its role in inducing liver inflammation. However, the precise mechanism by which Cu triggers liver inflammation in ducks, particularly in relation to the interplay in gut microbiota regulation, has remained elusive. In this investigation, we sought to elucidate the impact of Cu exposure on liver inflammation through gut-liver axis in ducks. Our findings revealed that Cu exposure markedly elevated liver AST and ALT levels and induced liver inflammation through upregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and triggering the LPS/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway...

UNLABELLED: Hematologic side effects are associated with prolonged antibiotic exposure in up to 34% of patients. Neutropenia, reported in 10-15% of patients, increases the risk of sepsis and death. Murine studies have established a link between the intestinal microbiota and normal hematopoiesis. We sought to identify predisposing factors, presence of microbiota-derived metabolites, and changes in intestinal microbiota composition in otherwise healthy pediatric patients who developed neutropenia after prolonged courses of antibiotics...

Diarrhea is a common gastrointestinal disorder in horses, with diet-induced diarrhea being an emerging challenge. This study aimed to investigate the gut microbiota differences in healthy and diet-induced diarrheic horses and evaluate the effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and carbonate buffer mixture (CBM) as potential therapeutic approaches. Twenty healthy horses were included in the study, with four groups: Control, Diarrhea, CBM, and FMT. Diarrhea was induced using oligofructose, and fecal samples were collected for microbiota analysis...

A high-fat diet (HFD) is a high-risk factor for the malignant progression of cancers through the disruption of the intestinal microbiota. However, the role of the HFD-related gut microbiota in cancer development remains unclear. This study found that obesity and obesity-related gut microbiota were associated with poor prognosis and advanced clinicopathological status in female patients with breast cancer. To investigate the impact of HFD-associated gut microbiota on cancer progression, we established various models, including HFD feeding, fecal microbiota transplantation, antibiotic feeding, and bacterial gavage, in tumor-bearing mice...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The Sang Yu granule (SY), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription of Xijing Hospital, was developed based on the Guanyin powder in the classical prescription "Hong's Collection of Proven Prescriptions" and the new theory of modern Chinese medicine. It has been proved to have a certain therapeutic effect on drug-induced liver injury (DILI), but the specific mechanism of action is still unclear. AIM OF STUDY: Aim of the study was to explore the effect of SangYu granule on treating drug-induced liver injury induced by acetaminophen in mice...