Nrf-2 sirt

We investigated the impact of aerobic exercise (AE) on multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), aortic injury, pathoglycemia, and death during sepsis. ICR mice were randomized into four groups: Control (Con), Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Exercise (Ex), and Exercise + LPS (Ex + LPS) groups. Mice were trained with low-intensity for 4 weeks. LPS and Ex + LPS mice received 5 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneally for induction of sepsis. Histopathological micrographs showed the organ morphology and damage...

Mitochondria are key cytoplasmic organelles. Their activation is critical for the generation of T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. Exhausted tumor-infiltrating T cells show a decreased mitochondrial function and mass. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a natural amino acid that is only produced in the mitochondria, has been shown to influence metabolic functions. We hypothesized that 5-ALA with sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) might provide metabolic support for tumor-infiltrating T cells. In a mouse melanoma model, we found that 5-ALA/SFC with a programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blocking Ab synergized tumor regression...

BPS has detrimental effects on human reproductive health and emerged as an environmental contaminant for global health concern. This study deals with the adverse impact of BPS exposure on testicular oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in adult male golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus and its amelioration by melatonin. BPS (75 mg/kg BW/day) exposure caused testicular impairment as evident by histological degenerative changes, declined sperm quality (viability and motility), serum levels of testosterone and melatonin with a concomitant decrease in testicular androgen receptor (AR) and melatonin receptor (MT1) expression...

In order to investigate efficacy of FGF21 combine dexamethasone (Dex) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) meanwhile reduce side effects of dexamethasone. We used combination therapy (Dex 15 mg/kg + FGF21 0.25 mg/kg, Dex 15 mg/kg + FGF21 0.5 mg/kg or Dex 15 mg/kg + FGF21 1 mg/kg) and monotherapy (Dex 15 mg/kg or FGF21 1 mg/kg) to treat CIA mice induced by chicken type II collagen, respectively. The effects of treatment were determined by arthritis severity score, histological damage, and cytokine production. The levels of oxidative stress parameters, liver functions, and other blood biochemical indexes were detected to determine FGF21 efficiency to side effects of dexamethasone...

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the supplementation with an açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seed extract (ASE) would affect the aerobic exercise performance in rats and correlate with the vascular function, muscle oxidative stress and mitochondrial biogenesis. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Sedentary, Sedentary with chronic supplementation of ASE, Training, Training with chronic (200 mg/Kg/day intragastric gavage for 5 weeks) or acute (30 min before the maximal treadmill stress test (MST) supplementation with ASE...

Aging is the most important current issue and is usually accompanied by complications, such as cardiovascular disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, which are the leading causes of death worldwide and the second major cause of death in Taiwan. In this study, we have investigated the protective effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and the role of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in enhancing this effect in aging cerebral cortex of rats. Further, we attempted to elucidate the molecular mechanism through which EGCG influences the protective effects of ADSC...

Methotrexate (MTX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent; nevertheless, the nephrotoxicity associated with its use has limited its clinical use. Rebamipide (REB) is a gastro-protective agent with diverse promising biological activities. Here, we investigated the renoprotective effects of REB against MTX-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Male Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: the normal control group, the REB group (100 mg kg-1 day-1 , PO, for 12 days), the MTX group (which received a single injection of 20 mg/kg, ip), and the REB + MTX group (which received 100 mg kg-1 day-1 REB for 7 days before and 5 days after being injected with 20 mg/kg MTX)...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The chronic hyperglycemic condition causes hyperinflammation via activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like pyrin domain containing receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and abnormally leads to morphological and functional changes in kidney. A previous study showed a protective effect of Lespedeza bicolor extract (LBE) on endothelial dysfunction induced by methylglyoxal glucotoxicity. We aimed to investigate whether LBE ameliorated renal damage through regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent hyper-inflammation in T2DM mice...

Induced ketosis (or ketone body ingestion) can ameliorate several changes associated with neuroprogressive disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Thus, the effects of glucose hypometabolism can be bypassed through the entry of beta-hydroxybutyrate, providing an alternative source of energy to glucose. The weight of evidence suggests that induced ketosis reduces levels of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation-core features of the above disorders...

PURPOSE: Fatal arrhythmias are one of the main manifestations of ischemic heart disease in diabetic patients. Here, we investigated the effect of pretreatment with vildagliptin on myocardial arrhythmias, inflammatory responses, and expression of genes regulating mitochondrial biogenesis following cardiac ischemic injury in type II diabetic male Wistar rats. METHODS: Chronic diabetes was modeled by a high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin method and lasted for 12 weeks...

The excess fluoride intake has been shown to adversely affect male reproductive health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the key mechanism underlying fluoride-induced testicular dysfunction and the role of melatonin as a modulator of testicular metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory load. The present results indicated that sodium fluoride (NaF) exposure to adult male golden hamsters severely impairs reproductive physiology as evident from markedly reduced sperm count/viability, testosterone level, androgen receptor (AR), testicular glucose transporter (GLUT-1), gap junction (connexin-43), and survival (Bcl-2) protein expression...

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ) is a component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and regarded as a strong anti-oxidant agent. In this study, we focused on the mechanistic insights involved in the hepato-protective effects of CoQ10 against hepatic ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. Our results revealed that CoQ10 significantly improved hepatic dysfunctions and oxidative stress caused by IR injury. Interestingly, as compared to IR subjected rat, CoQ10 inhibited apoptosis by marked down-regulation of both Bax and PUMA genes while the level of Bcl-2 gene was significantly increased...

Our study was conducted to investigate the effects of the fruits of Lycium chinense Mill. (Lycii Fructus, LF) and its bioactive compound, betaine, on muscle differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis in C2C12 cells. LF extract and betaine was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator1-alpha (PGC-1α), sirtuin-1(Sirt-1), nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1), transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM) and the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), were determined in cellular or mitochondrial levels by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or Western blot, respectively...

This study evaluated oxidative stress markers in Human Sertoli cells cultivated on Geltrex® and exposed to Monobutyl Phthalate (MBP), and the potential cytoprotective role of GIM-1 on the antioxidant response. Exposure was performed at 30 min, 1, 12 and 48 h into 4 groups: control, MBP (10μM), GIM-1 (0,05μM) and MBP + GIM-1. Morphology was evaluated. Antioxidant enzymes were analyzed by colorimetric method; NRF-2, SIRT-1, 8- OHdG and Cleaved Caspase-3 by Western Blot. Larger spaces between cells were shown in MBP treatment; GIM-1 was similar to Control and MBP + GIM-1 showed an intermediate aspect...

With the aging process, a loss of skeletal muscle mass and dysfunction related to metabolic syndrome is observed in older people. Yams are commonly use in functional foods and medications with various effects. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of rhizome extract of Dioscorea batatas (Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Chinese yam) and its bioactive compound, allantoin, on myoblast differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle cells. Yams were extracted in water and allantoin was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)...

This study was conducted to determine the effect of 200 ng mL-1 and 2000 ng mL-1 deoxynivalenol (DON) on apoptosis, barrier function, nutrient transporter gene expression, and free amino acid variation as well as on mitochondrial biogenesis and function-related gene expression in the intestinal porcine epithelial cell line J2 (IPEC-J2) for 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h. Exposure to 200 ng mL-1 DON inhibited the cell viability and promoted cell cycle progression from the G2/M phase to the S phase ( P < 0.05). The data showed that the IPEC-J2 cell content of free amino acids, such as valine, methionine, leucine, and phenylalanine, was increased ( P < 0...

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of Spondias mombin (SM) supplementation on the cardiac remodelling process induced by exposure to tobacco smoke (ETS) in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: group C (control, n = 20) comprised animals not exposed to cigarette smoke and received standard chow; group ETS (n = 20) comprised animals exposed to cigarette smoke and received standard chow; group ETS100 (n = 20) received standard chow supplemented with 100 mg/kg body weight/d of SM; and group ETS250 (n = 20) received standard chow supplemented with 250 mg/kg body weight/d of SM...

SCOPE: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease that is concomitant with obesity, resulting in increased mortality. To date, the efficiency of NAFLD treatment still needs to be improved. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus mali APS1, which was isolated from sugary kefir, on hepatic steatosis in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS AND RESULTS: Sprague Dawley rats were fed a control diet, a HFD with saline, and a HFD with APS1 intervention by gavage daily for 12 weeks...

Targeting energy expenditure provides a potential alternative strategy for achieving energy balance to combat obesity and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the present study, we investigated whether atractylenolide III (AIII) regulates energy metabolism in skeletal muscle cells. Differentiated C2C12 myotubes were treated with AIII (10, 20, or 50 µM) or metformin (2.5 mM) for indicated times. The levels of glucose uptake, the expressions of key mitochondrial biogenesis-related factors and their target genes were measured in C2C12 myotubes...

Edaravone, a radical scavenger, has been recognized as a potential protective agent for cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about the effect of edaravone in cardiac complications associated with diabetes. Here, we have demonstrated that edaravone prevents cardiac dysfunction and apoptosis in the streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rat heart. Mechanistic studies revealed that edaravone treatment improved cardiac function and restored superoxide dismutase levels. In addition, treatment of diabetic animals by edaravone increased protein expressions of sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator α (PGC-1α), nuclear factor like-2 (NRF-2), and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and reduced protein expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 compared to the control group...