radiotherapy cervical cancer review

BACKGROUND: Data suggest an association between positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) metabolic metrics and tumor microenvironment in several malignancies, and a potential role of PET/CT to monitor response to immunotherapy. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between tumor loco-regional extension and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte infiltration in locally advanced cervical cancer prior to concurrent chemo-radiotherapy.The secondary objective was to assess the association between tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and PET/CT metabolic metrics...

Introduction: Paediatric rhabdomyosarcoma most commonly occurs in the head and neck region. Its treatment is complex, including multi-drug chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy. Case report: Here, we report a case of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the temporal region with a metastatic cervical lymph node, in a 15-year-old girl, and its management. The patient received ne-adjuvant chemotherapy, followed by surgery and post operative radiotherapy. Literature was also reviewed for the various treatment modalities for these rare tumours...

OBJECTIVE: To review rates of uterine preservation and gonadal function, surgical outcomes, and pregnancy outcomes in patients undergoing surgical uterine transposition. METHODS: A structured search and analysis of the published literature on uterine transposition was conducted. Information on study type, sample size, patient characteristics, clinical indications, details of the surgical technique, trans-operative and post-operative results, success rates in preserving reproductive organ function and fertility were extracted...

Occult cervical cancer is rare and is diagnosed incidentally after a simple hysterectomy. The staging upon histological examination is usually International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I, rarely higher with negative preoperative diagnostic tests such as a Pap smear. The clinical case in question is a rare case of cervical carcinoma diagnosed at the time of hysterectomy with a negative exo-endocervical Pap smear, diagnostic tests including transvaginal ultrasound, abdominal magnetic resonance imaging and abdominal computed tomography with a diagnosis of degenerating myoma or suspected sarcoma...

OBJECTIVES: Ensuring high-quality radiotherapy requires peer-reviewing target volumes. The Royal College of Radiologists recommends peer review specifically for individual target volumes in cases of gynaecological cancers. This study presents the outcomes of implementing an on-demand peer review system for gynaecological cancers within our institute. METHODS: The peer review process was planned for gynaecological cancer cases intended for curative radiotherapy. After junior clinical oncologists (COs) completed the segmentation, two senior COs specializing in gynaecological cancers conducted the peer review...

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS) and treatment-related toxicity of two therapeutic strategies for treating bulky lymph nodes on imaging in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC): radiotherapy boost versus surgical debulking followed by radiotherapy. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of studies published up to October 2023. We selected studies including patients with LACC treated by external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) boost or lymph node debulking followed by EBRT (with or without boost)...

Following the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO), and the European Society of Pathology (ESP) joint guidelines (2018) for the management of patients with cervical cancer, treatment decisions should be guided by modern imaging techniques. After five years (2023), an update of the ESGO-ESTRO-ESP recommendations was performed, further confirming this statement. Transvaginal/transrectal ultrasound (TRS/TVS) or pelvic magnetic resonance (MRI) enables tumor delineation and precise assessment of its local extent, including the evaluation of the depth of infiltration in the bladder- or rectal wall...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility to restore pronunciation function by repairing partial suprahyoid epiglottis-preserved circumferential defect in near total laryngectomy with anterior medial thigh flap in advanced laryngeal cancer. METHODS: A retrospective study of 5 male patients with advanced laryngeal cancer between August 2019 and October 2022, aged 56-73 years, with an average age of 65 years were reviewed. The disease duration ranged from 3 to 24 months, with an average of 8 months...

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality among women in Kenya due to late presentations, poor access to health care, and limited resources. Across many low- and middle-income countries infrastructure and human resources for cervical cancer management are currently insufficient to meet the high population needs therefore patients are not able to get appropriate treatment. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the clinicopathological characteristics and the treatment profiles of cervical cancer cases seen at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH)...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Online cone-beam-based adaptive radiotherapy (ART) adjusts for anatomical changes during external beam radiotherapy. However, limited cone-beam image quality complicates nodal contouring. Despite this challenge, artificial-intelligence guided deformation (AID) can auto-generate nodal contours. Our study investigated the optimal use of such contours in cervical online cone-beam-based ART. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 136 adaptive fractions across 21 cervical cancer patients with nodal disease, we extracted 649 clinically-delivered and AID clinical target volume (CTV) lymph node boost structures...

BACKGROUND: Primary vaginal cancer is a rare condition. Some studies have revealed an increased risk of vaginal cancer among patients who have undergone hysterectomy for premalignant and malignant cervical disease. However, there is limited literature available on primary vaginal cancer following hysterectomy for benign conditions. OBJECTIVES: This review aimed to investigate available evidence on clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of primary vaginal cancer following hysterectomy for benign diseases...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the utility and comparative effectiveness of three five-point qualitative scoring systems for assessing response on PET-CT and MRI imaging individually and in combination, following curative-intent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). Their performance in the prediction of subsequent patient outcomes was also assessed; Methods: Ninety-seven patients with histologically confirmed LACC treated with CRT using standard institutional protocols at a single centre who underwent PET-CT and MRI at staging and post treatment were identified retrospectively from an institutional database...

Gynecological cancers are serious life-threatening diseases responsible for high morbidity and mortality around the world. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery are considered standard therapeutic modalities for these cancers. Since the mentioned treatments have undesirable side effects and are not effective enough, further attempts are required to explore potent complementary and/or alternative treatments. This study was designed to review and discuss the anticancer potentials of baicalin against gynecological cancers based on causal mechanisms and underlying pathways...

Background : Brachytherapy (BT) is a critical component of radiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC), and it has rapidly developed in recent decades. Since the advent of three-dimensional image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (3D-IGABT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as the primary modality for image guidance. Meanwhile, other imaging modalities, such as computed tomography, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, ultrasound, and their combinations have also been widely studied...

Cervical cancer poses a significant global public health issue, primarily affecting women, and stands as one of the four most prevalent cancers affecting woman globally, which includes breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer and cervical cancer. Almost every instance of cervical cancer is associated with infections caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Prevention of this disease hinges on screening and immunization of the patients, yet disparities in cervical cancer occurrence exist between developed and developing nations...

INTRODUCTION: Primary spinal malignant melanoma (PSMM) of extramedullary intradural origin is a rare malignant condition with limited current literature regarding its clinical course, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, treatment strategies, and outcomes. CASE DISCUSSION: This is a case report of a patient with PSMM who was treated with surgery followed by radiotherapy for his residual disease in Shaukat Khanum Memorial Trust, Pakistan. The clinical and radiological findings of this case were retrospectively analyzed using the Hospital Information System...

Radiotherapy (RT) has a fundamental role in the treatment of gynecologic malignancies, including cervical and uterine cancers. Hypofractionated RT has gained popularity in many cancer sites, boosted by technological advances in treatment delivery and image verification. Hypofractionated RT uptake was intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic and has the potential to improve universal access to radiotherapy worldwide, especially in low-resource settings. This review summarizes the rationale, the current challenges and investigation efforts, together with the recent developments associated with hypofractionated RT in gynecologic malignancies...

Recently, radioresistance has become a major obstacle in the radiotherapy of cervical cancer. To demonstrate enhanced radiosensitization against radioresistant cervical cancer, radioresistant cervical cancer cell line was developed and the mechanism of radioresistance was explored. Due to the overexpression of (death receptor 5, DR5) in cervical cancer, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-overexpressed cervical cancer cell membrane-camouflaged Cu2-x Se nanomedicine (CCMT) was designed...

Radiotherapy (RT) and radiation oncology are of essential role in the clinical treatment of cancer patients. The widely available imaging modalities such as diagnostic ultrasound, computer-assisted tomography, and contrast-enhanced MRI are used in clinical practice for diagnostics and management planning. Moreover, these methods are also used to monitor the treatment upon RT. However, some diagnostic issues cannot be sufficiently resolved by the simple use of standard morphological imaging. Thus, positron emission tomography is gaining an increasing clinical relevance in the management of cancer patients undergoing RT, as it allows to visualize and quantify the tumor features at a molecular level, such as tumor metabolism or receptor expression, beyond simple morphological patterns shown by the conventional imaging...

INTRODUCTION: Since the 2017 Nobel prize awarded to J. Hall, M. Rosbash and M.W. Young for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms behind the biological clock, circadian rhythm-based therapy, also known as chronotherapy, is receiving more attention in oncology and the number of anatomical sites of interest in this field is increasing. This observation is in line with the clinical evidence provided by trials on head and neck, lung, colorectal and cervical cancers, as well as the presently ongoing chronotherapy trials for breast and brain cancers...