Cardiovasular

The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is a non-invasive parameter reflecting vascular stiffness. CAVI correlates with the burden of atherosclerosis and future cardiovascular events. Mitochondria of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have been identified as a non-invasive source for assessing systemic mitochondrial bioenergetics. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between CAVI values and mitochondrial bioenergetics of PBMCs in the elderly population. This cross-sectional study enrolled participants from the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) between 2017 and 2018...

We investigated if caregiving intensity and duration affected cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks and diagnosis and whether the relationship differed by race and ethnicity in family caregivers (FCGs) of persons with dementia. We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2015-2020 CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data using a logistic regression analysis. A total of 6132 dementia FCGs were included. We found that the more time FCGs spent providing care per week (intensity) or over time (duration), the more likely they reported CVD risks and diagnosis...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in patients with traditional risk factors, hypertension (HTN) or diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study from 1 January, 2010 to 30 September, 2022. There was a total of 1007585 patients from a hospital-based population. In this cohort, 146862 patients had newly diagnosed HTN or DM. Among these patients, 1903 patients had HCQ exposure and 136396 patients had no HCQ exposure after exclusion of previous CVD events or invasive cardiovascular procedures...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Maternal hyperoxygenation (MHO) consists of giving pregnant women (60% to 100%) oxygen through a facemask and using ultrasound assess or monitor the influence on fetal cardiovascular circulation. This review discusses the findings and the utility of acute and chronic MHO in various fetal diseases.

BACKGROUND: Influenza increases the risk of cardiovascular events and deaths. We aimed to see whether influenza vaccination reduces death and vascular events in patients with heart failure. METHODS: We did a pragmatic, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 30 centres (mostly hospitals affliated with universities or a research institute) in ten countries in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa (7 in India, 4 in Philippines, 4 in Nigeria, 6 in China, 1 in Zambia, 2 in Mozambique, 3 in Saudi Arabia, 1 in Kenya, 1 in Uganda, and 1 in Zambia)...

OBJECTIVES: Preoperative exercise training can improve cardiorespiratory fitness before major surgery. However, little is known about what influences participation and adherence in high-risk patient groups. We identified barriers and facilitators to uptake, engagement and adherence to a presurgical, home-based physical activity and exercise intervention called ChemoFit delivered during chemotherapy and before major oesophagogastric surgery. DESIGN: A qualitative study using focus group discussions and individual semi-structured interviews was conducted...

AIM: The aim of this structured review was to discuss knowledge of nicotine use during pregnancy and long-term effects on children's cardiovascular function. METHODS: PubMed and MEDLINE were searched for original papers that covered various forms of nicotine exposure during pregnancy and this identified 314 papers published in English from inception of the databases to 1 March 2021. The research focus was prenatal exposure that had long-term effects on the cardiovascular system...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Because of new surgical techniques, advanced monitoring modalities and improvements in perioperative care, perioperative mortality and morbidity have been significantly reduced in the last decades; however, patients still suffer from high perioperative mortality and morbidity, especially those with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases. Not only perioperative myocardial infarction but also myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery, which presents without clinical symptoms, is associated with an adverse outcome...

BACKGROUND: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is common, yet there is currently no consensus on how to define HFpEF according to various society and clinical trial criteria. How clinical and hemodynamic profiles of patients vary across definitions is unclear. We sought to determine clinical characteristics, as well as physiologic and prognostic implications of applying various criteria to define HFpEF. METHODS: We examined consecutive patients with chronic exertional dyspnea (New York Heart Association class II to IV) and ejection fraction ≥50% referred for comprehensive cardiopulmonary exercise testing with invasive hemodynamic monitoring...

BACKGROUND: The impact of overt diabetes and poor glycemic control on the risk of cardiovascular disease is well established. Among patients with type 2 diabetes, several studies demonstrated a significant increase in coronary artery disease-related death and cardiovascular events associated with HbA1c levels of greater than 7% compared with lower levels. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are a novel class of anti-diabetic drugs that lower blood glucose levels through the suppression of renal glucose reabsorption thereby promoting renal glucose excretion...

This lecture will provide a background on the physiology of renal sodium handling and its importance in long term blood pressure regualtion. A brief overview of the classical Guytonion Pressure-Natriuresis Hypothesis of blood pressure control will be provided. The global impact of dietary salt intake on hypertension incidence and cardiovasular health will be discussed. Addtionally, recent insights into the mechanisitc regualtion of renal sodium handling during health and the pathophysiology of salt-sensitive hypertension - including a focus on the regulation of the sodium chloride cotransport will be provided...

Although large-scale population studies have shown that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) increase the risk of myocardial infarction, this is not confirmed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Herein, we review the litterature on the differential effects of NSAIDs on cardiovascular risk in osteoarthritis (OA) versus RA and discuss possible explanations for this discrepancy. To assess a potential additive effect of age in non-RA populations, we compared weighted mean age between RA patients and unselected NSAID users included in cohort and case-control studies that estimate the cardiovascular risk of NSAIDs, assuming that the main indication for NSAID usage in elderly populations is OA...

This lecture will provide a background on the physiology of renal sodium handling and its importance in long term blood pressure regualtion. A brief overview of the classical Guytonion Pressure-Natriuresis Hypothesis of blood pressure control will be provided. The global impact of dietary salt intake on hypertension incidence and cardiovasular health will be discussed. Addtionally, recent insights into the mechanisitc regualtion of renal sodium handling during health and the pathophysiology of salt-sensitive hypertension - including a focus on the regulation of the sodium chloride cotransport will be provided...

Primary aldosteronism (PA), characterized by the inappropriate and abnormal adrenal secretion of aldosterone, is the most common cause of secondary hypertension. PA has been shown to increase cardiovasular and cerebrovascular risks in comparison with essential hypertension. PA is a multi-faceted disease, which comprises unilateral forms, benefitting from surgical treatment, and bilateral forms, which are the best managed medically. PA is more frequently sporadic, but in some cases, it displays a familial transmission pattern...

OBJECTIVES: To draw evidence-based conclusions about the epidemiology, drivers, and management of diabetes in Panama based on a literature review and original analyses of large databases. METHODS: A search about diabetes in Panama was conducted through PubMed. We used the final reports of 2 studies: the first Survey of Health and Life Quality, 2007, and the first Survey of Risk Factors Associated to Cardiovasular Diseases, 2010-2011, conducted in Panama and analyzed the databases...

Insulin resistance is prevalent in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and plays a critical pathophysiologic role in both the metabolic and reproductive complications of PCOS. This review focuses on the contribution of insulin resistance to anovulation in PCOS and to the high risk for Type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and early cardiovasular disease. Key points for clinicians emphasized by this review are the following: PCOS is a clinical diagnosis and alternative diagnoses must be excluded; PCOS carries an inherent risk of insulin resistance and, hence, metabolic consequences for which women with PCOS should be screened regardless of BMI or degree of obesity; and PCOS is associated with infertility and this should be discussed early on in care of women diagnosed with PCOS, recognizing that there are several possible strategies to address infertility in women with PCOS, each with its own risks and benefits...

A 17-year-old male patient presented with cyanosis, repeated squatting since childhood and haemoptysis since the past 1 month. He had central cyanosis with clubbing. Cardiovasular examination revealed ejection systolic murmur in the pulmonary area with single S2. ECG showed right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) with right atrial enlargement and first-degree heart block. Two-dimensional echo showed ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, RVH, right ventricular enlargement (RVE) and right atrial enlargement with infundibular and valvular pulmonary stenosis and 1...