OHVS

CASE HISTORY: A 2-year-old crossbred cow developed crusting ulcerative lesions that covered approximately 40% of the body. They were first observed 2 weeks after the cow calved, and were most severe over the caudal aspect of the proximal hindlegs and perineum. CLINICAL FINDINGS AND DIAGNOSIS: Generalised variably confluent 1-2-cm diameter foci of ulceration and crusting were visible. No ocular or oral lesions were visible, and the cow did not have diarrhoea. Skin biopsies revealed lesions consistent with those previously described for malignant catarrhal fever (MCF)...

We have studied the oxidation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanes and alkenes with a thermal beam of OH radicals. The target films were produced by bonding alkane thiols and alkene thiols to a gold surface and the SAMs are mounted in a vacuum chamber at a base pressure of 10-9 Torr. Hydroxyl radicals were produced by a corona discharge in an Ar/H2O2/water mixture. The resultant molecular beam was scanned by an electrostatic hexapole and the OH radicals [4 (+/- 1) x 1011 OH radicals cm-2 sec-1] were focused onto the target SAM...

Vehicles traveling on dry, unpaved roads generate copious quantities fugitive dust that contributes to soil erosion, and potentially threatens human health and ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to develop a low-cost technique for monitoring road dust that would enable land managers to estimate soil loss. The "sticky-trap" collectors developed were evaluated at the Turkey Bay off-highway vehicle (OHV) riding area on the Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area, in western Kentucky. The results showed that the dust plume created by vehicle traffic was heterogeneous: larger particles were in the lower part of the plume and deposited closer to the source, smaller particles were carried higher in the plume and traveled at least 100 m away from the source...

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) was diagnosed in four free-ranging mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in January and February of 2003. Diagnosis was based on typical histologic lesions of lymphocytic vasculitis and PCR identification of ovine herpesvirus-2 (OHV-2) viral genetic sequences in formalin-fixed tissues. The animals were from the Uncompahgre Plateau of southwestern Colorado. Deer from these herds occasionally resided in close proximity to domestic sheep (Ovis aries), the reservoir host of OHV-2, in agricultural valleys adjacent to their winter range...

This paper presents the use of least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) for quantitative determination of hydroxyl value (OHV) of hydroxylated soybean oils by horizontal attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (HATR/FT-IR) spectroscopy. A least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) calibration model for the prediction of hydroxyl value (OHV) was developed using the range 1805.1-649.9 cm(-1). Validation of the method was carried out by comparing the OHV of a series of hydroxylated soybean oil predicted by the LS-SVM model to the values obtained by the AOCS standard method...

AIM: To test the feasibility and effectiveness of an oral health referral process for elderly patients (aged 75 years or over) attending a preventive health check (PHC) with their general medical practitioner. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of the process in increasing dental attendance at baseline and 6 months after the intervention. To identify key characteristics of those who accepted an oral health visit (OHV). To determine the proportion of people attending the OHV who required treatment and subsequently attended a dentist...

Multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) methodology was applied to near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) data for the esterification reaction between glycerol and a mixture of caprylic and capric acids. Batch reaction processes were conducted either at the laboratory scale or at an industrial plant, while NIR data were obtained from samples withdrawn during the reaction processes. The process has been monitored via two typical parameters for this type of reaction, namely, the acid value (AV) and the hydroxyl value (OHV)...

DNA samples extracted from a bovine brain, one blood and one buffy coat sample from three cattle with malignant catarrhal fever, and from 47 samples of pooled sheep sera, were amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers specific for ovine herpes virus 2 (OHV-2). Confirmation of the specificity of the amplified DNA segment by restriction enzyme analysis with Rsa I and Bmy I as described by Baxter et al. was obtained in most samples. Nine amplified DNA samples could not be digested, or were only partially cut, with these enzymes...

Molecular probes were designed for the purpose of specific determination of flavioviruses transmitted by the ticks of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and Omsk hemorrhagic fever (OHV) as well as by mosquitoes of Japanese encephalitis (JE), North Nile (NN), Murrey Valley encephalitis (MVE), Saint-Lois encephalitis (SLE), dengue 1-4 and of yellow fever (YF). The probes are synthetic deoxyoligonucleotides with the 18-20 long basis and complementary for the RNA fragments defined by computer analysis. The thus obtained probes, which specifically hybridize themselves with the sets of the TBE virus or of the OHV virus and do not hybridize themselves with other TBE viruses' sets...

In order to elucidate the pathogenesis of variant B human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection in skin tissues, an A431 cell line was inoculated with variant B HHV-6. HHV-6 causes abortive infection in the A431 cells, because neither late antigen (OHV-3 antigen) nor progeny virus is produced. Maximum levels of HHV-6 antigen (IEA/ex3 antigen)-positive cells (36.4%) were observed 48 hr after viral infection. Cocultivation of HHV-6-infected cord blood mononuclear cells with A431 cells was necessary for the establishment of a sufficient level of viral infection...

Serum samples were collected at slaughter from 226 24-30-month-old American bison (Bison bison) bulls from Kansas, Minnesota, North Dakota, and Manitoba and assayed for antibodies to ovine herpesvirus type-2 (OHV-2), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BHV-1), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Antibodies were detected by serum neutralization for BVDV, BHV-1, and BRSV, while antibodies to OHV-2 were detected by competitive inhibition-ELISA (CI-ELISA). Detectable antibodies were found against all viruses: 10 of 226 (4...

Serum samples were collected at slaughter from 226 24-30-month-old ranch-raised, clinically normal American bison (Bison bison) bulls from North Dakota, Minnesota, Kansas, and Manitoba to assess the presence of antibodies to ovine herpesvirus 2 (OHV-2). Antibodies to OHV-2 were detected by competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 10 of 226 (4.40%) samples. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of sera positive for OHV-2 DNA demonstrated a 238 kilobase fragment. The nucleotide sequence of the PCR-positive samples in comparison to the reported OHV-2 nucleotide sequence resulted in a homology range of 82...

Three female sika deer from a single captive herd were submitted for postmortem examination over a 139-day period. The first 2 deer submitted were reported to have lost body mass for 20 days to 1 month before euthanasia. One of these deer had diarrhea, the other had a crusting dermatitis on the nasal planum and inner aspects of both pinnae. The third hind did not have any signs of disease before it was found seizuring and was immediately euthanatized. Microscopically, all 3 animals had a lymphocytic vasculitis typical of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), with the most severe lesions in the brain...

In order to study the pathogenesis of HHV-6 infection in central nervous system disorders, U251 cell line was infected with freshly isolated variant B HHV-6. Although IEA/ex 3 antigen (immediate early protein) was detected in infected cell nuclei, neither the presence of OHV-3 antigen (late antigen) nor production of infectious virus was demonstrated. These results indicate that abortive infection was established in the cells. After viral infection, the viral genome copy in the infected cells gradually decreased and became stable after 6 cell passages...

Ovine herpesvirus-2 (OHV-2) infection has been associated with malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) in susceptible ruminants. In order to further investigate whether OHV-2 is an aetiological agent for sheep-associated (SA) MCF in cattle and bison, the entire sequences of OHV-2 glycoprotein B (gB) from different sources of viral DNA were compared. Target DNA was derived from tissues of bovine and bison cases of SA-MCF, from a lymphoblastoid cell line established from another bovine case of SA-MCF, and from a healthy sheep...

Four hundred forty-eight blood plasma samples from free-living birds of prey from Berlin and the Brandenburg area in eastern Germany were tested for antibodies against Newcastle disease virus (NDV), falcon herpesvirus (FHV), owl herpesvirus (OHV), and Chlamydia psittaci. Antibodies to NDV were detected in 6 (2%) of 346 tested diurnal birds of prey, whereas none of the owls (n = 55) was positive. The positive samples originated from two common buzzards (Buteo buteo), three ospreys (Pandion haliactus) and one marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus)...

Three bison herds in Colorado experienced high mortality from malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). In comparison with cattle, the bison had a more rapidly progressive disease, fewer clinical signs, and milder inflammatory histologic lesions. There was consistent association with ovine herpesvirus-2 (OHV-2). Contact with sheep was not consistent. Of 17 animals in herd A, 15 died of acute MCF; 1 was slaughtered while healthy; and 1 developed clinical signs of MCF, was treated with corticosteroids and antibiotics, and died of fungal abomasitis and rhinitis after 5 months...

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) was diagnosed by clinical signs and lesions in five out of six white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in a North American zoo. The clinical signs and histopathological lesions in these deer were typical of MCF. Antibody to an epitope conserved among the MCF viruses was detected in the sera collected from the deer. PCR failed to amplify viral sequences from DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and/or spleens of the deer with primers specific for ovine herpesvirus 2 (OHV-2) or specific for alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AHV-1)...

To evaluate the influence of cold air hyperpnea on integrated upper and lower airway behavior, 22 asthmatic volunteers hyperventilated through their mouths (OHV) and noses (NHV) while pulmonary and nasal function were determined individually and in combination. In the isolated studies, OHV at a minute ventilation of 65 +/- 3 l/min lowered the 1-s forced expiratory volume (FEV(1)) 24 +/- 2% (P < 0. 001) and NHV (40 l/min) induced a 31 +/- 9% (P < 0.001) increase in nasal resistance (NR). In the combined studies, oral hyperpnea reduced the FEV(1) (DeltaFEV(1) 26 +/- 2%, P < 0...

Previous studies from this laboratory have defined the pattern of acquisition of ovine herpesvirus 2 (OHV-2) in lambs under natural flock conditions. This study examined the question of whether OHV-2 could be transmitted between adult sheep. Two potential routes of transmission were examined: (1) direct inoculation of either viable leukocytes or whole blood from OHV-2 positive sheep, and (2) horizontal transmission through natural contact with OHV-2 positive sheep. Two groups of OHV-2 negative adult sheep were inoculated with material from infected sheep, one with 5x10(8) viable peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL), and the other with 100 ml of whole peripheral blood...