Transcranial alternating current

Gait impairments negatively affect the quality of life of people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD). Aerobic exercise (AE) is an alternative to alleviate these impairments and its combination with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has demonstrated synergistic effects. However, the effect of multitarget tDCS application (i.e., motor, and prefrontal cortices simultaneously) combined with physical exercise on gait impairments is still little known. Thus, the proposed randomized clinical trial will verify the acute effects of AE combined with tDCS applied on motor and prefrontal cortices separately and simultaneously on gait (spatial-temporal and cortical activity parameters) in PwPD...

INTRODUCTION: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may effectively preserve and improve cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Research has shown that Individual brain characteristics can influence the effects of tDCS. Computer three-dimensional brain modeling based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been suggested as an alternative for determining the most accurate tDCS electrode position based on the patients' individual brain characteristics to enhance tDCS effects...

Patients with classic galactosemia (CG), an inborn error of galactose metabolism, suffer from impairments in cognition, including language processing. Potential causes are atypical brain oscillations. Recent electroencephalogram (EEG) showed differences in the P300 event-related-potential (ERP) and alterations in the alpha/theta-range during speech planning. This study investigated whether transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at theta-frequency compared to sham can cause a normalization of the ERP post stimulation and improves language performance...

Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) is an effective technique to enhance sleep-associated memory consolidation. The successful reactivation of memories by external reminder cues is typically accompanied by an event-related increase in theta oscillations, preceding better memory recall after sleep. However, it remains unclear whether the increase in theta oscillations is a causal factor or an epiphenomenon of successful TMR. Here, we used transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to examine the causal role of theta oscillations for TMR during non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep...

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is an efficient neuromodulation technique that enhances cognitive function in a non-invasive manner. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated whether tACS with different phase lags (0° and 180°) between the dorsal anterior cingulate and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortices modulated inhibitory control performance during the Stroop task. We found out-of-phase tACS mediated improvements in task performance, which was neurodynamically reflected as putamen, dorsolateral prefrontal, and primary motor cortical activation as well as prefrontal-based top-down functional connectivity...

BACKGROUND: Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is the focus and difficulty of poststroke rehabilitation intervention with an incidence of up to 61%, which may be related to the deterioration of cerebrovascular function. Computer-aided cognitive training (CACT) can improve cognitive function through scientific training targeting activated brain regions, becoming a popular training method in recent years. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, can regulate the cerebral vascular nerve function, and has an effect on the rehabilitation of cognitive dysfunction after stroke...

Neuropathic pain continues to be a significant problem that lacks effective solutions for every single patient. In 2015, international guidelines (NeuPSIG) were published, while the French recommendations were updated in 2020. The purpose of this minireview is to provide an update on the process of developing evidence-based recommendations and explore potential changes to the current recommendations. Primary treatments for neuropathic pain include selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as duloxetine and venlafaxine, gabapentin, tricyclic antidepressants, as well as topical lidocaine and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, which are specifically suggested for focal peripheral neuropathic pain...

Metacognition encompasses the capability to monitor and control one's cognitive processes, with metamemory and metadecision configuring among the most studied higher order functions. Although imaging experiments evaluated the role of disparate brain regions, neural substrates of metacognitive judgments remain undetermined. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize and discuss the available evidence concerning the neural bases of metacognition which has been collected by assessing the effects of noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) on human subjects' metacognitive capacities...

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INTRODUCTION: Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (TSCS), a non-invasive form of spinal cord stimulation, has been shown to improve motor function in individuals living with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the effects of different types of TSCS currents including direct current (DC-TSCS), alternating current (AC-TSCS), and spinal paired stimulation on the excitability of neural pathways have not been systematically investigated. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the effects of TSCS on the excitability of neural pathways in adults with non-progressive SCI at any level...

BACKGROUND: Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a brain stimulation method for modulating ongoing endogenous oscillatory activity at specified frequency during sensory and cognitive processes. Given the overlap between event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related oscillations (EROs), ERPs can be studied as putative biomarkers of the effects of tACS in the brain during cognitive/sensory task performance. OBJECTIVE: This preliminary study aimed to test the feasibility of individually tailored tACS based on individual P3 (latency and frequency) elicited during a cued premature response task...

Alpha oscillations have been implicated in time perception, yet a consensus on their precise role remains elusive. This study directly investigates this relationship by examining the impact of alpha oscillations on time perception. Resting-state EEG recordings were used to extract peak alpha frequency (PAF) and peak alpha power (PAP) characteristics. Participants then performed a time generalization task under transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at frequencies of PAF-2, PAF, and PAF+2, as well as a sham condition...

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to summarise and critically appraise the available evidence for the effect of age on responsiveness to non-invasive brain stimulation (NBS) paradigms delivered to the primary motor cortex. METHODS: Four databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and Scopus) were searched from inception to February 7, 2023. Studies investigating age group comparisons and associations between age and neuroplasticity induction from NBS paradigms were included. Only studies delivering neuroplasticity paradigms to the primary motor cortex and responses measured via motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in healthy adults were considered...

Children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have impaired hot and cold executive functions, which is thought to be related to impaired ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (vmPFC and dlPFC) functions. The present study aimed to assess the impact concurrent stimulation of dlPFC and vmPFC through transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), a non-invasive brain stimulation tool which enhances cortical excitability via application of alternating sinusoidal currents with random frequencies and amplitudes over the respective target regions on hot and cold executive functions...

BACKGROUND: Chronic foot pain, including conditions such as plantar fasciitis, presents a significant challenge to patients and healthcare providers. Traditional treatments often offer limited relief, prompting exploration of alternative therapies. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has emerged as a noninvasive brain stimulation technique with potential for alleviating chronic pain syndromes. METHODS: A review was conducted following the JBI methodology and adhering to PRISMA guidelines...

The aging population of the world is increasing at an unprecedented rate which is expected to lead to a corresponding unparalleled increase in age related diseases. Of particular concern are the large number of older adults expected to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD), which will require extraordinary local, national and worldwide healthcare resources. In this context, innovative interventions are needed urgently to delay AD onset and thereby give our healthcare systems time to prepare and provide meaningful care to our aging populations...

BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment of ventral and ventrolateral meningiomas of posterior cranial fossa is difficult in modern neurosurgery. This is due to peculiarities of approach to these areas and concentration of critical structures (cranial nerves and great vessels). Currently, endoscopic transnasal approach to these meningiomas allows partial, and in some cases, total resection. However, this technique is not widespread. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the world literature data on postoperative outcomes in patients with clival and petroclival meningiomas after endoscopic transnasal resection...

Recently, transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has gained increasing popularity among researchers, especially for recovery and improvement, but interpretation of these results is difficult due to variations in study methods and outcome measurements. The main goal of this study was to better understand the postural and balance indicators affected by cerebellar tES, as the cerebellum is the main brain region responsible for controlling balance. For this systematic literature review, three databases were searched for articles where the cerebellum was stimulated by any type of tES in either healthy participants or those with neurologic disorders...

BACKGROUND: Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) is a form of noninvasive transcranial electrical stimulation that applies alternating current in various randomized frequencies to the cortex, thereby improving cognitive functioning in multiple domains. However, the precise mechanism of tRNS, as well as its impact on human electroencephalography (EEG), remains unclear. This is partly because most studies have used tRNS in conjunction with a cognitive task, making it difficult to tease apart whether the observed changes in EEG are a result of tRNS, the cognitive task, or their interaction...

Human working memory is a key cognitive process that engages multiple functional anatomical nodes across the brain. Despite a plethora of correlative neuroimaging evidence regarding the working memory architecture, our understanding of critical hubs causally controlling overall performance is incomplete. Causal interpretation requires cognitive testing following safe, temporal, and controllable neuromodulation of specific functional anatomical nodes. Such experiments became available in healthy humans with the advance of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS)...