Damage

<b/>This study reviews the latest progress on the research of electrical stimulation（ES） in peripheral nerve regeneration, summarizes the parameters in preclinical experiments and discusses the effect on nerve regeneration. A detailed description is given in the study of conditioning electrical stimulation and nerve conduit scaffolding technology combined with ES, which have been hotly researched in recent years.

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the effectiveness of transcranial facial nerve bridging in the treatment of facial nerve dysfunction. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 27 patients with facial nerve dysfunction who underwent transcranial facial nerve bridging at the Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital affiliated with Fudan University from 2017 to 2022. The main collected data includes the patient's age, gender, primary lesion, damaged location, interval from facial paralysis to surgery, and preoperative and postoperative House-Brackmann（HB） scale for facial nerve function...

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious condition characterized by damage to the lungs. Recent research has revealed that activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in alveolar macrophages, a type of immune cell in the lungs, plays a key role in the development of ALI. This process, known as pyroptosis, contributes significantly to ALI pathogenesis. Researchers have conducted comprehensive bioinformatics analyses and identified 15 key genes associated with alveolar macrophage pyroptosis in ALI. Among these, NLRP3 has emerged as a crucial regulator...

Although a demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is often used as an alternative to an autologous bone graft, its clinical application is still hampered by easy dispersion of DBM particles and insufficient osteoinductivity in the defect site. Herein, we designed a self-healing hydrogel for DBM that can rapidly restore its structural integrity after damage based on amino-rich black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets and aldehyde-functionalized hyaluronic acid (AHA). Given the increased expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists by DBM stimulation, the osteogenic potency of DBM in the hydrogel carrier was further enhanced by abrogating the BMP antagonism...

Interventional micro-axial flow blood pump is widely used as an effective treatment for patients with cardiogenic shock. Hemolysis and coagulation are vital concerns in the clinical application of interventional micro-axial flow pumps. This paper reviewed hemolysis and coagulation models for micro-axial flow blood pumps. Firstly, the structural characteristics of commercial interventional micro-axial flow blood pumps and issues related to clinical applications were introduced. Then the basic mechanisms of hemolysis and coagulation were used to study the factors affecting erythrocyte damage and platelet activation in interventional micro-axial flow blood pumps, focusing on the current models of hemolysis and coagulation on different scales (macroscopic, mesoscopic, and microscopic)...

The freeze-drying is a technology that preserves biological samples in a dry state, which is beneficial for storage, transportation, and cost saving. In this study, the bovine pericardium was treated with a freeze-drying protectant composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and trehalose (Tre), and then freeze-dried. The results demonstrated that the mechanical properties of the pericardium treated with PEG + 10% w/v Tre were superior to those of the pericardium fixed with glutaraldehyde (GA). The wet state water content of the rehydrated pericardium, determined using the Karl Fischer method, was (74...

Aiming at the status of muscle and joint damage caused on surgeons keeping surgical posture for a long time, this paper designs a medical multi-position auxiliary support exoskeleton with multi-joint mechanism by analyzing the surgical postures and conducting conformational studies on different joints respectively. Then by establishing a human-machine static model, this study obtains the joint torque and joint force before and after the human body wears the exoskeleton, and calibrates the strength of the exoskeleton with finite element analysis software...

Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) is characterized by a widespread maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy, fever, and multisystem involvement. Conversely, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an infrequent yet critical condition presenting with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenias, coagulation abnormalities, and elevated inflammatory markers. The overlapping clinical and laboratory features between DRESS and HLH poses a significant diagnostic challenge. Secondary HLH (sHLH) typically occurs in adults triggered by viral infections, malignancies, rheumatologic diseases, or immune deficiencies...

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) results in tissue damage to affected areas of the myocardium. The initial inflammatory response is the most damaging for residual cardiac function, while at later stages inflammation is a prerequisite for proper healing and scar formation. Balancing the extent and duration of inflammation during various stages after MI is thus pivotal for preserving cardiac function. Recently, a signaling lymphocytic activation molecule 1 (SLAMF1)-derived peptide (P7) was shown to reduce the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and protected against acute lipopolysaccharide-induced death in mice...

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary diseases represent a significant burden to patients and the healthcare system and are one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Particularly, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound global impact, affecting public health, economies, and daily life. While the peak of the crisis has subsided, the global number of reported COVID-19 cases remains significantly high, according to medical agencies around the world. Furthermore, despite the success of vaccines in reducing the number of deaths caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there remains a gap in the treatment of the disease, especially in addressing uncontrolled inflammation...

The CTC1-STN1-TEN1 (CST) complex is a single-strand DNA-binding protein complex that plays an important role in genome maintenance in various model eukaryotes. Dysfunction of CST is the underlying cause of the rare genetic disorder known as Coats plus disease. In addition, down regulation of STN1 promotes colorectal cancer development in mice. While prior studies have utilized RNAi to knock down CST components in mammalian cells, this approach is associated with off-target effects. Attempts to employ CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout of CST components in somatic cell lines have been unsuccessful due to CST's indispensable role in DNA replication and cell proliferation...

INTRODUCTION: Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a disorder involving the hips in young children of preschool and school-going age groups, more common in 4-8 years. The insufficient blood supply to the femoral head is the main reason behind various etiologic theories. Multiple factors affect the natural progression of the disease. The natural progression of the disease involves early avascular necrosis, fragmentation, reconstitution, and healed stages. In the fragmentation stage, the bony epiphysis begins to fragment, and the subchondral radiolucent zone (crescent sign) is the result of a subchondral stress fracture, which later on determines the extent of a necrotic fragment of the femoral head...

Obesity is a chronic disease that affects the energy balance of the whole body. In addition to increasing fat mass, tissue fibrosis occurred in white adipose tissue in obese condition. Fibrosis is the over-activation of fibroblasts leading to excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, which could be caused by various factors, including the status of adipocytes. The morphology of adipocytes responds rapidly and dynamically to nutrient fluctuations. Adaptive hypertrophy of normal adipocytes protects peripheral organs from damage from lipotoxicity...

INTRODUCTION: The adipokines leptin and adiponectin have been associated with atherosclerosis and the risk of cerebral infarcts. Pre-clinical studies, however, suggest a protective role against ischemic brain damage. In this study we analyzed the relationship between serum leptin and adiponectin levels and the onset or progression of brain infarcts in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: All data were extracted from the ADNI database...

Tuberculosis (TB) stands as the second most fatal infectious disease globally, causing 1.3 million deaths in 2022. The resurgence of TB and the alarming rise of antibiotic resistance demand urgent call to develop novel antituberculosis drugs. Despite concerted efforts to control TB, the disease persists and spreads rapidly on a global scale. Targeting stress response pathways in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has become imperative to achieve complete eradication. This study employs subtractive genomics to identify and prioritize potential drug targets among the hypothetical proteins of Mtb , focusing on indispensable pathways...

BACKGROUND: The mechanism by which high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) improves swallowing function by regulating intestinal flora remains unexplored. We aimed to evaluate this using fecal metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing. METHODS: A Post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) rat model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion. The magnetic stimulation group received HF-rTMS from the 7th day post-operation up to 14th day post-surgery...

Osteosarcoma is a very serious primary bone cancer with a high death rate and a dismal prognosis. Since there is no permanent therapy for this condition, it is necessary to develop a cure. Therefore, this investigation was carried out to assess the impacts and biological functions of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HYSA) in osteosarcoma cell lines (MG63). In this investigational study, MG63 cells were utilized. Microarray experiments, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunofluorescent staining, extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), oxygen consumption rate (OCR), glucose consumption, lactate production, and ATP levels, proliferation assay, 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EDU) staining, and Western blot were performed...

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the effects of nicotine on the activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and pancreatic fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis (CP), along with its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS: This was an in vivo and in vitro study. In vitro , PSCs were cultured to study the effects of nicotine on their activation and oxidative stress. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify potential signaling pathways involved in nicotine action...

Excess oxygen (O2 ) levels may have a stimulating effect, but in the long term, and at high concentrations of O2 , it is harmful to the nervous system. The hippocampus is very sensitive to pathophysiological changes and altered O2 concentrations can interfere with hippocampus-dependent learning and memory functions. In this study, we investigated the hyperoxia-induced changes in the rat hippocampus to evaluate the short-term effect of mild and severe hyperoxia. Wistar male rats were randomly divided into control (21% O2 ), mild hyperoxia (30% O2 ), and severe hyperoxia groups (100% O2 )...

We designed and conducted two in vitro experiments to evaluate the effects of two Bacillus spp. probiotics on gut barrier integrity using the transepithelial electrical resistance ( TEER ) assay under two different challenge models. In Exp. 1, intestinal epithelial cells received or not ( CON ) B. paralicheniformis 809 ( BLI ) or B. subtilis 810 ( BSU ) at a rate of 1 × 108 colony forming units ( CFU )/transwell. Two hours after treatment application (CON, BLI, or BSU), 5 mM of the reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide, mimicking mucosal oxidative stress, was added alone ( HYP ) or with each of the Bacillus spp...