H1N1 guideline

Swine influenza A viruses pose a public health concern as novel and circulating strains occasionally spill over into human hosts, with the potential to cause disease. Crucial to preempting these events is the use of a threat assessment framework for human populations. However, established guidelines do not specify which animal models or in vitro substrates should be used. We completed an assessment of a contemporary swine influenza isolate, A/swine/GA/A27480/2019 (H1N2), using animal models and human cell substrates...

Introduction Influenza virus is a significant human pathogen causing severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) associated with significant mortality worldwide. The H1N1 Influenza virus that caused a pandemic in 2009 continued to cause periodic epidemics worldwide, with new variants posing significant public health problems. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence and characteristics of influenza at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods From 2017 to 2019, respiratory samples from suspected cases of influenza belonging to category C received at the microbiology laboratory were transported to Manipal Centre for Virus Research, Manipal, in the cold chain for testing of influenza virus by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) as per CDC guidelines...

BACKGROUND: Recent pandemics have had far-reaching effects on the world's largest economies and amplified the need to estimate the full extent and range of socioeconomic impacts of infectious diseases outbreaks on multi-sectoral industries. This systematic review aims to evaluate the socioeconomic impacts of airborne and droplet-borne infectious diseases outbreaks on industries. METHODS: A structured, systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines...

BACKGROUND: During health emergencies, leading healthcare organisations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC), and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), provide guidance for public health response. Previous studies have evaluated clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) produced in response to epidemics or pandemics, yet few have focused on public health guidelines and recommendations. To address this gap, we assessed health systems guidance (HSG) produced by the WHO, the ECDC, and the CDC for the 2009 H1N1 and COVID-19 pandemics...

Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease that is caused by the influenza virus, which seriously affects human health. The influenza virus has frequent antigenic drifts that can facilitate escape from pre-existing population immunity and lead to the rapid spread and annual seasonal epidemics. Influenza outbreaks occur in crowded settings, such as schools, kindergartens, and nursing homes. Seasonal influenza epidemics can cause 3-5 million severe cases and 290 000-650 000 respiratory disease-related deaths worldwide every year...

A Delphi-based survey was designed to assess the opinions of clinical hematologists (n = 17) and clinical immunologists (n = 18) from across Spain on secondary immunodeficiencies (SID) in the management of oncohematological patients. There was 100% agreement on the need to have available guidelines for the management of immunodeficiency in hematological patients; to perform a baseline immunological evaluation in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), multiple myeloma (MM), lymphoma and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients; and to quantify serum IgG, IgA and IgM levels when SID is suspected...

In March 2009, influenza A(H1N1) flu broke out and spread rapidly worldwide, and it has been circulating in local areas with various scales since then. Particularly, the outbreak and prevalence have occurred in China during 2023 extensively. At present, there is an absence of unified consensus on imaging diagnosis of severe influenza A (H1N1) flu pneumonia, which is not conducive to the standardized imaging diagnosis and clinical practice. Chinese experts including the Infection and Inflammatory Radiology Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association jointly formulate this consensus based on numerous references related to influenza A (H1N1) flu, meanwhile combining the methodological requirements of evidence-based medicine for guideline and standard formulation...

AIMS: To summarise the evidence on barriers to and facilitators of population adherence to prevention and control measures for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other respiratory infectious diseases. METHODS: A qualitative synthesis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis and the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care: Qualitative Evidence Synthesis. We performed an electronic search on MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO from their inception to March 2023...

Despite its increasing role in the understanding of infectious disease transmission at the applied and theoretical levels, phylodynamics lacks a well-defined notion of ideal data and optimal sampling. We introduce a method to visualise and quantify the relative impact of pathogen genome sequence and sampling times-two fundamental sources of data for phylodynamics under birth-death-sampling models-to understand how each drive phylodynamic inference. Applying our method to simulated data and real-world SARS-CoV-2 and H1N1 Influenza data, we use this insight to elucidate fundamental trade-offs and guidelines for phylodynamic analyses to draw the most from sequence data...

BACKGROUND: Nurses play an essential role in responding to severe viral disease which bring considerable challenges to their personal and professional well-being. This subsequently can affect the delivery of care and healthcare systems' organisational capacity to respond. Understanding nurses' experiences of these challenges will help inform healthcare policies. AIM: To explore the experiences and coping strategies of nurses caring for patients during severe viral disease pandemics...

BACKGROUND: The clinical burden of influenza is increasing globally. Aging, immunosuppression, and underlying respiratory illness are determinants of poor clinical outcomes, including greater mortality. Bacterial infections seem to be the main reason. Updated information on the role of bacterial infection as the cause of complications would be of value in improving the prognosis of influenza patients. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed by using the Pubmed repository using keywords like: Influenza, H1N1, Streptococcus pneumoniae, bacterial coinfection, secondary coinfection, bacterial complications in pneumonia, and seasonal influenza...

A perspective of epidemics and pandemics in Mexico is offered, focusing on three time periods, namely, end of the 18th century, the 20th century, and the 21st century, in order to analyze how they were approached by health and government authorities, as well as the challenges they have represented. Historical documentary sources were consulted and, in current cases, participation in them was analyzed. Epidemiological and social historical methodologies were combined. The presence of epidemics in Mexico is a constant on its evolution, which highlights the need for the epidemiological surveillance system to be updated, the importance of being prepared to face an epidemic and to develop a contingency plan...

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is known to be a common respiratory and/or cardiovascular complication in hospitalized patients with viral infections. Numerous studies have proven human immunodeficiency virus infection to be a prothrombotic condition. An elevated VTE risk has been observed in critically ill H1N1 influenza patients. VTE risk is remarkably higher in patients infected with the Hepatitis C virus in contrast to uninfected subjects. The elevation of D-dimer levels supported the association between Chikungunya and the Zika virus and the rise of clinical VTE risk...

Seasonal influenza is a major upper respiratory tract infection occurring in winter. Vaccination is the best method for preventing this infection. We conducted two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials to examine whether consumption of yogurt fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1, which has been reported to reduce the risk of catching the common cold, augments serum antibody titers against seasonal influenza vaccines. In the first trial, which included university students, serum antibody titers against influenza A (H3N2) and B viruses were significantly higher in the yogurt group than in the placebo group...

INTRODUCTION: Over the past two years, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has greatly altered medical student education as well as daily life. Medical schools across the world were disrupted and had to immediately adapt the educational experience to the online environment in order to continue the delivery of quality medical education. However, COVID-19 was not the only recent pandemic. This posed the question, were similar disruptions and adaptations also seen in recent past pandemics such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) or Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) that could have prepared medical educators for COVID-19? This scoping review investigated the educational and personal impact of recent pandemics on medical students...

This report surveyed vaccination decisions during pregnancy based on the package inserts of vaccines approved in Japan, the USA, and Europe. Furthermore, it evaluates vaccination decision-making factors based on the characteristics of the target infections and the modality of the vaccines. Live vaccines known to cause fetal abnormalities are contraindicated for pregnant women, whereas vaccines for life-threatening infectious diseases are authorized for administration during pregnancy when the need is recognized, even for live vaccines...

Particulate matter, including airborne pathogens, is of particular concern because it can cause the spread of diseases through aerosol transmission. In this study, a new concept is proposed: on-demand antiviral electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) with electrothermal-based antiviral surfaces. We applied electrothermal-based antiviral surfaces to air-purifying applications and demonstrated that the proposed method is effective with regard to collecting airborne virus particles on collection plates in a two-stage ESP...

Background: Influenza virus disease remains one of the most contagious diseases that aided the deaths of many patients, especially in this COVID-19 pandemic era. Recent discoveries have shown that the high prevalence of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection can rapidly increase the death rate of patients. Hence, it became necessary to search for more potent inhibitors for influenza disease therapy. The present study utilized some computational modeling concepts such as 2D-QSAR, 3D-QSAR, molecular docking simulation, and ADMET predictions of some 1,3-thiazine derivatives as inhibitors of influenza neuraminidase (NA)...

Vaccinations are a cost-effective means of preventing disease. They may be recommended primarily for maternal benefit or for prevention of intrauterine fetal or early neonatal infection. Data from the International Network of Obstetric Survey Systems relating to the COVID-19 pandemic showed that for all countries studied (the UK, the Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, Finland and Italy), at least 80% of pregnant women admitted to critical care were unvaccinated. In the UK this figure was 98%. The MBRRACE-UK 2014 report, covering 2009-2012 during the H1N1 epidemic, demonstrated that one in eleven maternal mortalities were directly from influenza virus: more than half could have been prevented by the flu vaccine in pregnancy...

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced the need to attend to Health Care Workers (HCWs) mental health. What promotes resilience in HCWs during pandemics is largely unknown. AIM: To appraise and synthesize studies investigating resilience among HCWs during COVID-19, H1N1, MERS, EBOLA and SARS pandemics. METHOD: A systematic review of studies from 2002 to 11th March 2022 was conducted. PsychInfo, CINAHL, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for qualitative and mixed-methods studies investigating the well-being of HCWs working in hospital settings during a pandemic...