Auditory sensitivity

Aggressive adolescents tend to exhibit abnormal fear acquisition and extinction, and reactive aggressive adolescents are often more anxious. However, the relationship between fear generalization and reactive aggression (RA) remains unknown. According to Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ) scores, 61 adolescents were divided into two groups, namely, a high RA group (N=30) and a low aggression (LA) group (N=31). All participants underwent three consecutive phases of the Pavlovian conditioning paradigm (i...

Cortical acetylcholine (ACh) release has been linked to various cognitive functions, including perceptual learning. We have previously shown that cortical cholinergic innervation is necessary for accurate sound localization in ferrets, as well as for their ability to adapt with training to altered spatial cues. To explore whether these behavioral deficits are associated with changes in the response properties of cortical neurons, we recorded neural activity in the primary auditory cortex (A1) of anesthetized ferrets in which cholinergic inputs had been reduced by making bilateral injections of the immunotoxin ME20...

Background : It is assumed that speech comprehension deficits in background noise are caused by age-related or acquired hearing loss. Methods : We examined young, middle-aged, and older individuals with and without hearing threshold loss using pure-tone (PT) audiometry, short-pulsed distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (pDPOAEs), auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs), speech comprehension (OLSA), and syllable discrimination in quiet and noise. Results : A noticeable decline of hearing sensitivity in extended high-frequency regions and its influence on low-frequency-induced ABRs was striking...

OBJECTIVE: To identify the accuracy and cut-off values of the cepstral peak prominence (CPP) and cepstral peak prominence-smoothed (CPPS) obtained from different speech tasks, to identify dysphonic voices in Brazilian Portuguese speakers, and to verify the correlation between these measures and the overall severity of dysphonia (OS). METHOD: In a study with 376 subjects-277 with dysphonia and 99 controls-we recorded four speech tasks and assessed OS with a visual analog scale...

PURPOSE: This work presents a new frame-by-frame video analysis method called Child-Caregiver Communication Assessment through Rebesco's Evaluation (CC-CARE), developed in the context of pediatric hearing loss as a rehabilitation tool for assessing children's early communication skills. CC-CARE stems from the commonly used Tait video analysis and extends it by including a new set of parameters aimed at disentangling between hearing-dependent and hearing-independent aspects of communication...

OBJECTIVE: Sports-related concussion management in collegiate athletes has been focused on return-to-play. However, resuming schoolwork without a gradual stepwise reintroduction contributes to symptom exacerbation, delayed recovery, and adverse academic performance. Return-to-learn guidelines are limited by a lack of sensitivity in methods monitoring cognitive function. This study evaluated 2 neuropsychological tests, the Sternberg test and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), with high ceilings for sensitivity to deficits in speed of information processing, cognitive efficiency, and complex attention...

Epidermoid tumors are benign, slow-growing lesions, originating from misplaced ectodermal cells that become trapped during neural tube closure.1 The cerebellopontine angle (CPA) is the most common intracranial location for epidermoid tumors, accounting for approximately 60% of cases.2 Treatment of epidermoid tumors consists of surgical resection, with the goal of gross total resection.3 Here, we describe the case of a patient with a large epidermoid tumor at the CPA causing near-complete hearing loss, who remarkably experienced full recovery of hearing after resection of the tumor...

Animals including humans often react to sounds by involuntarily moving their face and body. A new study shows that facial movements provide a simple and reliable readout of a mouse's hearing ability that is more sensitive than traditional measurements.

PURPOSE: Verbal working memory is poorer for children with hearing loss than for peers with normal hearing (NH), even with cochlear implantation and early intervention. Poor verbal working memory can affect academic performance, especially in higher grades, making this deficit a significant problem. This study examined the stability of verbal working memory across middle childhood, tested working memory in adolescents with NH or cochlear implants (CIs), explored whether signal enhancement can improve verbal working memory, and tested two hypotheses proposed to explain the poor verbal working memory of children with hearing loss: (a) Diminished auditory experience directly affects executive functions, including working memory; (b) degraded auditory inputs inhibit children's abilities to recover the phonological structure needed for encoding verbal material into storage...

In rodents, the first weeks of postnatal life feature remarkable changes in fear memory acquisition, retention, extinction, and discrimination. Early development is also marked by profound changes in brain circuits underlying fear memory processing, with heightened sensitivity to environmental influences and stress, providing a powerful model to study the intersection between brain structure, function, and the impacts of stress. Nevertheless, difficulties related to breeding and housing young rodents, preweaning manipulations, and potential increased variability within that population pose considerable challenges to developmental fear research...

INTRODUCTION: This study sought to determine the effect of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) compliant noise on auditory health and assess whether pre-noise near infrared (NIR) light therapy can mitigate the effects of noise exposure. METHODS: Over four visits, participants ( n  = 30, NCT#: 03834714) with normal hearing completed baseline hearing health assessments followed by exposure to open ear, continuous pink noise at 94 dBA for 15 min...

BACKGROUND: Early sensory experiences have a significant impact on the later life of preterm infants. The NICU soundscape is profoundly influenced by various modalities of respiratory support or ventilation, which are often mandatory early in the care. The incubator, believed to shield from external noise, is less effective against noise originating inside. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sound levels and characteristics of frequently used respiratory support and ventilation modalities, taking into consideration the developing auditory system of premature infants...

PURPOSE: Patients with age-related hearing loss complain often about reduced speech perception in adverse listening environment. Studies on animals have suggested that cochlear synaptopathy may be one of the primary mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon. A decreased wave I amplitude in supra-threshold auditory brainstem response (ABR) can diagnose this pathology non-invasively. However, the interpretation of the wave I amplitude in humans remains controversial. Recent studies in mice have established a robust and reliable mathematic algorithm, i...

While the auditory and visual systems each provide distinct information to our brain, they also work together to process and prioritize input to address ever-changing conditions. Previous studies highlighted the trade-off between auditory change detection and visual selective attention; however, the relationship between them is still unclear. Here, we recorded electroencephalography signals from 106 healthy adults in three experiments. Our findings revealed a positive correlation at the population level between the amplitudes of event-related potential indices associated with auditory change detection (mismatch negativity) and visual selective attention (posterior contralateral N2) when elicited in separate tasks...

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the evidence for the reliability, sensitivity and specificity of existing measures of vowel-initial voice onset. METHODS: A literature search was conducted across electronic databases for published studies (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PubMed Central, IEEE Xplore) and grey literature (ProQuest for unpublished dissertations) measuring vowel onset. Eligibility criteria included research of any study design type or context focused on measuring human voice onset on an initial vowel...

We herein review the use of electrocochleography (ECoG) to assess peripheral auditory system responsiveness in a growing population of cochlear implant (CI) users with preserved hearing in ears with implants. Twenty-eight recently published intracochlear ECoG articles were thoroughly reviewed to investigate the prognostic utility of intraoperative ECoG monitoring to assess hearing preservation, and the clinical applicability of postoperative ECoG for estimating audiometric thresholds and monitoring longitudinal changes in residual acoustic hearing in patients with EAS...

OBJECTIVE: In this cross-sectional observational study, we aimed to investigate sensory profiles and multisensory integration processes in women with migraine using virtual dynamic interaction systems. BACKGROUND: Compared to studies on unimodal sensory processing, fewer studies show that multisensory integration differs in patients with migraine. Multisensory integration of visual, auditory, verbal, and haptic modalities has not been evaluated in migraine. METHODS: A 12-min virtual dynamic interaction game consisting of four parts was played by the participants...

INTRODUCTION: Autistic individuals demonstrate greater variability and timing error in their motor performance than neurotypical individuals, likely due at least in part to atypical cerebellar characteristics and connectivity. These motor difficulties may differentially affect discrete as opposed to continuous movements in autistic individuals. Augmented auditory feedback has the potential to aid motor timing and variability due to intact auditory-motor pathways in autism and high sensitivity in autistic individuals to auditory stimuli...

Speech comprehension entails the neural mapping of the acoustic speech signal onto learned linguistic units. This acousto-linguistic transformation is bi-directional, whereby higher-level linguistic processes (e.g. semantics) modulate the acoustic analysis of individual linguistic units. Here, we investigated the cortical topography and linguistic modulation of the most fundamental linguistic unit, the phoneme. We presented natural speech and "phoneme quilts" (pseudo-randomly shuffled phonemes) in either a familiar (English) or unfamiliar (Korean) language to native English speakers while recording functional magnetic resonance imaging...

Objective: To investigate the predictive value of temporal bone high-resolution CT（HRCT） multiplanar reconstruction（MPR） for cerebrospinal fluid（CSF） gusher during cochlear implantation in patients with inner ear malformation. Methods: The clinical data of 33 patients（36 ears） with inner ear malformation who underwent cochlear implantation were retrospectively analyzed. The predictive value of HRCT for cerebrospinal fluid gusher during cochlear implantation was evaluated...