High Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to explore the effectiveness of bedside lung ultrasound (LUS) combined with the PaO2 /FiO2 (P/F) ratio in evaluating the outcomes of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy in infants with severe pneumonia. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed the clinical data of 150 infants diagnosed with severe pneumonia and treated with HFNC therapy at our hospital from January 2021 to December 2021. These patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment outcomes: the HFNC success group (n = 112) and the HFNC failure group (n = 38)...

High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has recently emerged as a crucial therapeutic strategy for hypoxemic patients both in acute and chronic settings. Indeed, HFNC therapy is able to deliver higher fractions of inspired oxygen (FiO2 ) with a heated and humidified gas flow ranging from 20 up to 60 L per minute, in a more comfortable way for the patient in comparison with Conventional Oxygen Therapy (COT). In fact, the flow keeps the epithelium of the airways adequately moisturized, thus positively affecting the mucus clearance...

High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a respiratory support technique that delivers a controlled concentration of oxygen with high flow, heat, and humidity via the nasal pathway. As it has many physiological effects, its use has increased for a variety of clinical indications; however, there is limited guidance on using HFNC as a respiratory support tool during endoscopic procedures. We conducted a narrative review to evaluate the effect of HFNC as an adjuvant tool during fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB), upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy, and surgical procedures in adults...

INTRODUCTION: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is commonly used as first step respiratory support in infants with moderate-to-severe acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB). This device, however, fails to effectively manage respiratory distress in about a third of patients, and data are limited on determinants of patient response. The respiratory rate-oxygenation (ROX) index is a relevant tool to predict the risk for HFNC failure in adult patients with lower respiratory tract infections. The primary objective of this study was to assess the relationship between ROX indexes collected before and 1 h after HFNC initiation, and HFNC failure occurring in the following 48 h in infants with AVB...

BACKGROUND: Standard high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a respiratory support device widely used to manage post-extubation hypoxemic acute respiratory failure (hARF) due to greater comfort, oxygenation, alveolar recruitment, humidification, and reduction of dead space, as compared to conventional oxygen therapy. On the contrary, the effects of the new asymmetrical HFNC interface (Optiflow® Duet system (Fisher & Paykel, Healthcare, Auckland, New Zealand) is still under discussion...

Background: An evaluation system is urgently needed to describe early predictors of the outcome of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) patients. Methods: All consecutive AHRF patients in a Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (RICU) receiving HFNC therapy between January 2019 and December 2021 were enrolled. Results: Of the 106 enrolled AHRF subjects, 57 (53.8%) succeeded in HFNC therapy and 49 (46.2%) failed. Being male (p = 0.006), initial respiratory rate oxygenation (ROX) index (p = 0...

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a common cause of admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We described and analyzed the therapies applied to children admitted to a tertiary PICU because of asthma. Later, we evaluated high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) use in these patients and compared their evolution and complications with those who received non-invasive ventilation. METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study (October 2017-October 2019). Collected data: epidemiological, clinical, respiratory support therapy needed, complementary tests, and PICU and hospital stay...

High-flow nasal oxygen therapy is being increasingly adopted in intensive and home care settings. The concurrent delivery of aerosolised therapeutics allows for the targeted treatment of respiratory illnesses. This study examined in-line aerosol therapy via a nasal cannula to simulated adult and paediatric models with healthy, obstructive and restrictive lung types. The Aerogen Solo vibrating mesh nebuliser was used in combination with the InspiredTM O2FLO high-flow therapy system. Representative adult and paediatric head models were connected to a breathing simulator, which replicated several different states of lung health...

In this article, we report on a rare case of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by the Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV), which is typically associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). This is the first documented case of PUUV-associated ARDS in Southeast Europe. The diagnosis was confirmed by serum RT-PCR and serology and corroborated by phylogenetic analysis and chemokine profiling. The patient was a 23-year-old male from Zagreb, Croatia, who had recently traveled throughout Europe...

High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy is gaining traction globally as a treatment for respiratory failure. There are several physiological benefits, and there is a growing body of evidence showing improved quality of life and patient comfort with HFNC, both in acute and home settings. Due to the increased burden of long-term respiratory conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on healthcare systems worldwide, the role of ward-based and post-discharge interventions in the prevention of hospital readmissions is an area of increasing interest...

OBJECTIVE: Hypoxia is a frequently reported complication during the intubation procedure in the emergency department (ED) and may cause bad outcomes. Therefore, oxygenation plays an important role in emergency airway management. The efficacy of oxygenation with high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in the ED has been studied, though the evidence is limited. The study aim was to compare two methods of preoxygenation in patients undergoing rapid sequence intubation (RSI) in the ED: (1) HFNC and (2) bag-valve mask (BVM) oxygenation...

Moving from an era of invasive ventilation to that of non-invasive respiratory support, various modalities have emerged resulting in improved neonatal outcomes. Respiratory distress is the commonest problem seen both in preterm and term neonates, and the use of appropriate respiratory support could be lifesaving. This article reviews the currently available non-invasive ventilation (NIV) strategies in neonates including nasal continuous positive airway pressure, nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), bi-level CPAP, heated humidified high flow nasal cannula, nasal high-frequency ventilation (NHFV) and non-invasive neutrally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA)...

INTRODUCTION: Pregnant women are considered a high-risk group for COVID-19 due to their increased vulnerability to viral infections. The impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women is not well understood, and there is a need for data on managing severe COVID-19 in pregnant patients. This retrospective descriptive cohort study described the characteristics, hospital stay, interventions, and outcomes of pregnant patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) with severe COVID-19 pneumonia in Qatar...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical effect of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy combined with naloxone on severe respiratory failure (SRF) in older adult patients. METHODS: We enrolled 96 older adult patients with SRF who were admitted to Hai'an People's Hospital between February 2019 and March 2022. The patients were divided into two groups: the control group (treated with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation combined with naloxone) and the observation group (treated with HFNC oxygen therapy combined with naloxone)...

BACKGROUND: Most patients with acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) have respiratory failure that necessitates active correction and the improvement of oxygenation is particularly important during treatment. High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy is a non-invasive respiratory aid that is widely used in the clinic that improves oxygenation state, reduces dead space ventilation and breathing effort, protects the loss of cilia in the airways, and improves patient comfort...

This article reviewed the clinical progress in the field of pulmonary and critial care medicine, both domestically and internationally during the year 2023 (from October 1, 2022 to September 30, 2023). In 2023, there have been significant modifications to the global definition of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). These include the inclusion of SpO2 /FiO2 as a diagnostic criterion for ARDS, the addition of parameters for high-flow nasal cannula humidified oxygen therapy as a basis for diagnosing ARDS in non-intubated patients, clarification of the need to diagnose ARDS in non-intubated patients with PEEP≥5 cmH2 O under non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, and the increased diagnostic value of ultrasound...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the optimal postextubation respiratory support in pediatric cardiac surgery patients. DESIGN: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials. SETTING: Pediatric or neonatal intensive care units. PARTICIPANTS: All aged children (<16 years) having cardiac surgery and postoperative invasive ventilation. INTERVENTION: Noninvasive respiratory support, including high flow nasal cannula (HFNC), conventional oxygen therapy (COT), noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), continuous positive pressure (CPAP), and noninvasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (NHFOV)...

BACKGROUND: Selection of effective and safe therapy for management of patients with coronavirus disease is challenging. Tocilizumab (TZB) has emerged as a potential treatment option for COVID-19. Several aspects regarding Tocilizumab treatment remain uncertain, such as the optimal timing for its administration and the safety profile, including the potential risk of infections. The aim of the study is to present the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 following the application of Tocilizumab...

BACKGROUND: Acute heart failure (AHF) is often associated with diffuse insufficiency and arterial hypoxemia, requiring respiratory support for rapid and effective correction. We aimed to compare the effects of high-flow nasal cannula(HFNC) with those of conventional oxygen therapy(COT) or non-invasive ventilation(NIV) on the prognosis of patients with AHF. METHODS: We performed the search using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases from the inception to August 31, 2023 for relevant studies in English and Chinese...

BACKGROUND: Multiple devices are available for noninvasive oxygenation support, including non-rebreather oxygen mask (O2 -mask), high-flow oxygen through nasal cannula (HFNC), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), mask noninvasive ventilation (Mask-NIV) and helmet NIV (Helmet-NIV). As tidal volume is a key determinant of efficacy and safety during ventilatory support, we assessed whether it was influenced by the type of noninvasive oxygenation device. METHODS: A bench study using a manikin with a realistic face connected to a lung simulator was performed...