Ultrasonic Bath

OBJECTIVE: A coupling bath of circulating, chilled, degassed water is essential to safe and precise acoustic transmittance during transcranial magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (tMRgFUS) procedures, but the circulating water impairs the critical real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An iron-based coupling medium (IBCM) using iron oxide nanoparticles previously developed by our group increased the relaxivity of the coupling bath such that it appears to be invisible on MRI compared with degassed water...

Deteriorated elements of ammunition can be found while investigating different types of events. Exposure to adverse environmental conditions may lead to metal alteration (corrosion) or organic material deposition (contaminations) on the exposed elements of ammunition. From a forensic perspective, both types of deterioration pose challenges when observing marks left by the firearms used to discharge the corresponding ammunition (e.g. firing pin, extractor). The longer the time of exposure to the adverse environmental conditions, the more challenging the observation of such marks...

An ultrasound pretreatment was used to increase anthocyanins content in blackberry juice. Whole fruits were inserted into a glass vessel without contact with any solvent, sonicated in an ultrasonic bath, and then pressed with a manual juicer. The experimental design showed that 7 min at 65% of ultrasound amplitude increased the anthocyanin content in juices from 31 to 56% for BRS Xingu, Guarani, and Xavante cultivars. Two major anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside were found in higher concentrations for sonicated fruits...

The target of this study was to examine the influence of ultrasound pretreatment and edible coatings (xanthan, guar, and wild sage seed gums) on the total phenols content, antioxidant potential, mass transfer rate, effective moisture diffusivity (Deff ), and rehydration rate of sweet cherries (SC). For the edible coating of SC, a 0.2% gum solution (xanthan, guar, and wild sage seed) was prepared and the SC were dipped into the aqueous solution. Also, the ultrasound process (40 kHz and 150 W) was performed in an ultrasonic bath for 3 min...

BACKGROUND: Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a therapeutic agent used for the treatment of cholestatic hepatobiliary diseases in pediatric patients. It is a bile acid that presents high lipophilicity, and it belongs to Class II of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), which exhibits low water solubility and high intestinal permeability, which leads to poor oral absorption. The objective of this work was to design and optimize UDCA nanosuspensions by means of the precipitation-ultrasonication method to improve the solubility, dissolution, and oral bioavailability of UDCA...

The aim of this laboratory study was to investigate and compare the impact of five desensitizing techniques as a treatment fortooth sensitivity on the exposed dentin after an in-office tooth bleaching procedure. Thirty intact human molars were collected for this investigation. The specimens were obtained by transversely cutting 2.5 mm of the crowns, leading to exposure of the dentin. The specimens were cleaned in an ultrasonic bath and treated initially with EDTA gel 15% for 4 min and then with Opalescence Boost bleaching gel (40% H2 O2 ) for two sets of 20 min...

Ultrasound has emerged as a promising technique for improving the mineral flotation performance. However, limited research exists regarding the influence of different ultrasound types on the flotation process. Specifically, the impact of combined ultrasound and the comparison of horn- and bath-type ultrasounds on flotation have not been fully investigated. To address this knowledge gap, a comprehensive study to explore the effects of different ultrasonic pretreatments on the flotation of flake graphite was conducted...

Chayote seeds have good protein quality and recognized bioactive properties, being still unexplored as a nutraceutical. In this work, chayote seed protein isolates (CSPIs) were prepared by alkaline extraction (AE) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) using a probe (20 kHz) or a water bath (40 kHz), and their physicochemical, functional properties and nutraceutical potential were investigated. For all treatments, protein solutions (10% w / v ) were treated for 20 min. The UAE significantly ( p < 0.05) improved the protein extraction yield and functional properties (protein solubility, turbidity, and emulsifying and foaming properties) of CSPIs...

Ni-Fe battery is one of prospective aqueous alkaline batteries due to its high safety, eco-friendliness and cost-effectiveness. However, the electrochemical performance of Fe-based anodes is limited due to the particle aggregation and low electric conductivity. In this work, iron powder is used as a precursor in a chemical bath deposition method. By optimizing the concentration of HNO3, a balanced dissolution-crystallization process is achieved to obtain uniform Fe2O3 nanospheres in size between 60 and 90 nm, which are separately anchored on ultrasonically prepared multilayer graphene (MLG)...

The cloud point extraction (Tergitol® surfactant) method was used for the first time to extract and preconcentrate the fungicide carbendazim (CBZ) from strawberry samples, while electrochemical detection (boron doped diamond electrode) in association with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-EC) was used for the determination of CBZ. The variables of bath temperature, ultrasonic stirring time, mass of NaCl and amount of surfactant were investigated using a 24 full factorial design. Limits of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) and quantification (LOQ) of 3...

In this study, we have developed a new ultrasonic synthesis method of dibenzoepines using olanzapine and quetiapine, which are well-known drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The method is based on the N -alkylation reaction of the piperazine fragment in tricyclic compounds with methyl iodide or 2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethanol as the alkylating agent, respectively. The synthesis reactions were carried out in an ultrasonic bath with solvents such as acetonitrile or dimethylformamide in the presence of potassium or sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide and metal-free, ecological phase transfer catalyst at a temperature of 40-50 °C...

Electrochemical molecular intercalation of layered semiconducting crystals with organic cations followed by ultrasonic exfoliation has proven to be an effective approach to producing a rich family of organic/inorganic hybrid superlattices and high-quality, solution-processable 2D semiconductors. A traditional method for exfoliating 2D crystals relies on the intercalation of inorganic alkali metal cations. The organic cations (e.g., alkyl chain-substituted quaternary ammonium cations) are much larger than their inorganic counterparts, and the bulky molecular structure endows distinct intercalation and exfoliation chemistry, as well as molecular tunability...

The application of decellularized scaffolds for artificial tissue reconstruction has been an approach with great therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine. Recently, biomimetic ovarian tissue reconstruction was proposed to reestablish ovarian endocrine functions. Despite many decellularization methods proposed, there is no established protocol for whole ovaries by detergent perfusion that is able to preserve tissue macro and microstructure with higher efficiency. This generated biomaterial may have the potential to be applied for other purposes beyond reproduction and be translated to other areas in the tissue engineering field...

Ultrasound treatments (sonication) in combination with osmotic dehydration process accelerate the rate of moisture removal from the fruits or vegetables pieces and decrease the dehydration duration. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of ultrasound-assisted osmotic dehydration (UAOD) on mass transfer kinetic (soluble solids gain and moisture loss) of kiwifruit slices. The UAOD process was performed using 20, 30, and 40% sucrose solutions in ultrasonic bath (40 kHz, 75 and 150 W) for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 min...

Using natural dyes in dyeing industries becomes an alternative to synthetic dyes, which are known to contain harmful chemicals that can pose risks to the environment and human health. This study involves the extraction of yellow dye from Cassia alata flower petals, optimization of the extraction process using an ultrasonic bath (40 KHz and an input power of 500), ultrasonic probe (390 W, 455 W, 520 W, 585 W, and 650 W), and conventional heating (heating mantle with 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, and 70 °C), characterization of the dye, as well as dyeing (cotton, silk, and leather) without using a mordant...

In this work, the novel use of ultrasonic pre-treatment and edible coating treatment during osmosis dehydration to optimize the weight reduction, moisture loss, sucrose gain, rehydration, and surface shrinkage using a response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite design (CCD) technique was successfully conducted on grapefruit slices. The process parameters include sonication pre-treatment time (5-10 min), xanthan-gum-based edible coating (0.1%-0.3%, w/w), and sucrose concentration (20-50 Brix), were examined and optimized for osmosis dehydration of grapefruit slices...

This study introduced a new microextraction method named temperature-induced dispersive solid-phase extraction. The performance of the method was demonstrated with the determination of Sudan dyes in food and natural water samples. In this method, a low quantity of sorbent was added to the aqueous solution and the mixture was shaken manually for about one minute. Then, the solution was heated in an ultrasonic water bath, and the sorbent was dissolved. Subsequently, the solution was cooled down with ice water, and consequently, the solubility of the sorbent was reduced in the sample solution and became cloudy...

OBJECTIVE: There are several studies that show high defect rates of transducers in clinical use. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether image quality and the risk for misdiagnosis is affected by using defective transducers. METHODS: Four defective transducers with varying degrees of defect severity, still in clinical use, were selected. Forty artifact-affected clinical images from each transducer were compared with images acquired from fully functional transducers, of the same model, in an observer study where four experienced radiologists rated each of the 320 images...

OBJECTIVES: The study was designed to evaluate entheseal sites and anterior chest wall (ACW) of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) using ultrasound (US) and investigate the correlation between disease activity and US score. METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional study included 104 patients with AS and 50 control subjects. Each patient underwent US scanning of 23 entheses and 11 sites of the ACW. The US features, including hypoechogenicity, thickness, erosion, calcification, bursitis, and Doppler signal, were evaluated...

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: After the use of evaluation paste, residue can remain on the bonding surface. However, how adhesion to lithium disilicate ceramic is affected is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effectiveness of lithium disilicate cleaning after contamination with an evaluation paste and before the application of a resin cement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Rectangular lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD) specimens were obtained with a simulated milled surface, crystallized, etched with 5% hydrofluoric (HF) acid, and contaminated with an evaluation paste...