deep eutectic solvent

With the development of deep eutectic solvents (DESs), more DES-based functional materials have been explored and applied in various areas. In this work, a novel choline chloride-acrylic acid (ChCl-AA) DES polymer, on a 2D magnetic base, was prepared for the recognition of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) biomacromolecules in milk and for the inhibition of common bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)...

A simple, fast, sensitive and eco-friendly ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent liquid phase microextraction (UA-DES-LPME) was developed for preconcentration and speciation of Hg2+ and CH3 Hg+ combined with ETAAS. Choline-phenol based DES (1:3, molar ratio) was used as an extractant for the determination of species of mercury, Hg2+ formed hydrophobic complexes with dithizone and complexes were then extracted using DES. For CH3 Hg+ determination, CH3 Hg+ can be extracted directly into DES phase because of its hydrophobic property...

Mangosteen ( Garcinia mangostana L.) is a fruit that is rich in xanthones, utilized as health supplements or additives in food products due to their high antioxidant activities. Choline chloride (ChCl)-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with polyalcohols (ethylene glycol, glycerol, propanediols, and butanediols) as hydrogen bonding donors (HBDs) were used to extract the xanthones from the pericarp of mangosteen. DESs with 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,2-butanediol as HBDs (ChCl to HBD mole ratio of 1:3) afforded the highest extraction yields (2...

We report the use of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) as multifunctional solvents for limonene bioprocessing: for the extraction of limonene from orange peel wastes, as solvent for the chemoenzymatic epoxidation of the limonene and as sacrificial electron donor for the in situ generation of H2O2 to promote the epoxidation reaction. The proof of concept for this multifunctional use is provided and the scope and current limitations of the concept are outlined.

Ternary deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were developed to enable rapid and high-solid biomass pretreatment as well as concentrated sugar hydrolysate production. Six ternary DESs constituted choline chloride (ChCl) or guanidine hydrochloride (GH) as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), ethylene glycol (EG) or propylene glycol (PG) or glycerin (GLY) as a polyol-based hydrogen bond donor (HBD), and p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) as an acidic HBD. GH-EG-PTSA was the most effective, evidenced by 79% xylan and 82% lignin removal in only 6 min at 120 °C and 10 wt% solid loading...

Herein, well-defined Pd nanoparticles (NPs) developed on Ni substrate (Pd NPs/Ni) are synthesized via a facile galvanic replacement reaction (GRR) route performed in ethaline-based deep eutectic solvent (DES). For comparison, a Pd NPs/Ni composite is also prepared by the GRR method conducted in an aqueous solution. The Pd NPs/Ni obtained from the ethaline-DES is catalytically more active and durable for the methanol electro-oxidation reaction (MOR) than those of the counterpart derived from conventional aqueous solution and commercial Pd/C under alkaline media...

To establish environmentally friendly polyphenolic extracts from grape and olive pomace, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) were used coupled with alternative energy sources - ultrasound and microwave irradiation. Obtained extracts were characterized by HPLC analysis, while antioxidant capacity was determined by ORAC method. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity of prepared extracts was assessed by antiproliferation assay on two tumour cell lines, whereas for investigation of type of cell death or cell cycle arrest a flow cytometric analysis was applied...

In this study two deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were prepared using ethylene glycol (EG) and two different ammonium-based salts. The potential of these DESs as novel agents for CNTs functionalization was examined by performing a comprehensive characterization study to identify the changes developing after the functionalization process. The impact of DESs was obvious by increasing the surface area of CNTs to reach 197.8 (m2 /g), and by adding new functional groups to CNTs surface without causing any damage to the unique structure of CNTs...

Classical molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the performance of slit graphite and titania (rutile) pores of 5.2 nm in width, partially and completely filled with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) or ionic liquids (ILs), for gas separations of a carbon dioxide-methane mixture of 5:95 molar ratio and temperatures and pressures on the order of 318 K and 100 bar. The DES studied were ethaline and levuline (1:2 molar mixtures of choline chloride with ethylene glycol or levulinic acid), and the IL considered was 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [bmim+][NTf2-]...

The performances of various anhydrous and aqueous choline chloride-dicarboxylic acid based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were evaluated for furfural production from oil palm fronds without any additional catalyst. The effects of different carbon chain length dicarboxylic acids and water content in each DES on furfural production were investigated. Oil palm fronds, DES and water (0-5 ml) were mixed and reacted in an oil bath (60-300 min). Reacted oil palm fronds had the potential to be reused as cellulose-rich-valuable by-products...

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are a class of neoteric solvents used in multiple applications amongst which biocatalytic processes. Due to its simple preparation, low cost and inherent biodegradable properties, its use as a non-volatile biocompatible co-solvent with both whole cells and isolated enzymes has displayed increased enzyme activity and stability translating to higher product conversions and a surprising higher enantioselectivity in a range of biotransformations. This review lays out the latest updates on the use of DES in redox biocatalytic reactions...

Metal-driven papain-surfactant nanocomposite (PA@MSNC), a novel soft nanobiocatalyst, was successfully prepared via one-pot self-assembly technique in aqueous solution for the biosynthesis of N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-L-alanyl-L-glutamine (Z-Ala-Gln) dipeptide in deep eutectic solvents (DESs). The metal-driven self-assembly process generated PA@MSNC as nanospheres of ˜130 nm in diameter, with high protein loading and relative enzyme activity of 420 mg/g and 80% (4270 U/g protein), respectively. PA@MSNC showed high apparent substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency...

In the present method, a novel and simple portable in situ deep eutectic-based floating organic droplets dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method was developed for lead in real food and water samples by a portable microsampling syringe system directly couple with FAAS (DES-µSS). Choline chloride-decanoic acid (ChCl: Decanoic acid (1:1)) was used as a green hydrophobic deep eutectic-based floating organic droplets dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of lead complex (Pb-2,9 dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) from real aqueous samples...

This paper reports the ability of 1,3:2,4-dibenzylidene-D- sorbitol (DBS), a simple, commercially-relevant compound, to self-assemble as a result of intermolecular non-covalent interactions into supramolecular gels in deep eutectic solvents (DESs). The DESs are based on choline chloride combined with alcohols/ureas - DBS forms gels at a loading of 5% wt/vol. Rheology confirms the gel-like nature of the materials, electron microscopy indicates underpinning nanofibrillar DBS networks and differential scanning calorimetry shows the deep eutectic solvent nature of the liquid-like phase is retained...

Aristolochia and related plants contain nephrotoxins and mutagens in the form of aristolochic acids (AAs). However, there is still lack of a fast and specific method for monitoring AAs in biological samples. Herein, we synthesized a hybrid magnetic mesoporous carbon-molecularly imprinted polymers (MMC@MIPs) as a novel magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) adsorbent for selective recognition of aristolochic acid I and II from rat urine samples. The choline chloride/glycol-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) and indomethacin were used as the eluent and dummy template molecule accordingly...

A series of MCM-41 supported metal catalysts were successful-ly prepared for the first time using the DES-mediated ionother-mal synthesis strategy. It was subsequently found that Al-D41 showed excellent performance in the conversion of carbohy-drates to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Furthermore, the production of HMF from glucose can be performed at high concentrations in ChCl aqueous solution (CAS) (32 wt%, rela-tive to the reaction phase) and as a result, CAS is a more prom-ising solvent than water and DES for HMF production...

New types of two-dimensional (2D) boron nitride (BN) were developed as a 2D scaffold material. After modification with ternary deep eutectic solvents (DES, ChCl-caffeic acid-ethylene glycol), the processed BN was applied to the preparation of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs). In the polymerization of MMIPs, DESs and hydrophobic Fe3O4 magnetite were applied as the functional monomer and magnetically susceptible component, respectively. A 2D ellipsoid material was formed successfully by polymerization on the surface of the processed BN...

A kind of green solvents termed deep eutectic solvent (DES) have been considered alternatives to traditional organic solvents. In this study, a method was developed for determination of five pesticide residues including triadimenol, fipronil, tebuconazole, hexaconazole and diniconazole in five different traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). In the developed method, DES was selected as extraction solvent, ultrasound-assisted emulsification liquid phase microextraction (UA-ELPME) was used for extraction and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a diode array detector (DAD) was used for quantification...

In this research, the novel environmentally-friendly analytical method, Centrifuge-less deep eutectic solvent based magnetic nanofluid-linked air-agitated liquid-liquid microextraction (CL-DES-MNF-AALLME) coupled with ETAAS was proposed for simultaneous preconcentration of heavy metals of lead, arsenic, cadmium, and copper. In CL-DES-MNF-AALLME, the extraction solvent is novel magnetic nanofluid consists of DES based magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes which can easily be separated from the media with no need to centrifugation...

For simultaneous determination of lignans (i.e. sesamin, sesamolin and sesamol) in sesame oils, a highly efficient ultrasonic-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (UALLME) technique was developed based on deep eutectic solvents (DESs) composed of choline chloride and p-cresol. Compared with the common polyols-based DESs (i.e. choline chloride-ethylene glycol), the phenolic DESs exhibited higher extraction efficiency for both polar lignans (i.e. sesamol) and non-polar lignans (i.e. sesamin and sesamolin) due to the π-π interaction between lignans and DES...